JID innovations : skin science from molecules to population health最新文献

{"title":"Association of immune checkpoint inhibitor-induced bullous pemphigoid with underlying cancer type: A lack of association with cancer tissue COL17A1 mutations and dysregulation","authors":"Rachel C. Chang ,&nbsp;Henning Olbrich ,&nbsp;Yulu F. Wang ,&nbsp;Haley Gainer ,&nbsp;Nina Curkovic ,&nbsp;Theresa L. Walunas ,&nbsp;Jessica Shiu ,&nbsp;Parul Goyal ,&nbsp;Adrian P. Mansini ,&nbsp;Ralf J. Ludwig ,&nbsp;Kyle T. Amber","doi":"10.1016/j.xjidi.2026.100450","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.xjidi.2026.100450","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Bullous pemphigoid (BP) is an autoimmune blistering disease caused by autoantibodies to collagen type 17 (<em>COL17A1</em>) and is a recognized immune-related adverse event in patients receiving immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs). We investigated whether cancer type influences the risk of developing ICI-induced BP and whether <em>COL17A1</em> mutations or dysregulation in tumor tissue contributes to disease-specific variation. Using TriNetX, systematic review, and bioinformatics datasets, we comprehensively assessed the associations of ICI-induced BP with different malignancy types as well as <em>COL17A1</em> gene expression, mutation frequency, and immune correlations across cancers. Lung cancer was the most common underlying malignancy in ICI-induced BP, but nonmelanoma skin cancer and renal cell carcinoma had the highest relative risk, whereas lung cancer had the lowest. ICI-induced BP was associated with improved survival across several cancers. Urothelial cancer showed the shortest time to onset, whereas renal cell carcinoma showed the longest. Cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma and melanoma exhibited the highest <em>COL17A1</em> mutation burden, whereas renal cell carcinoma had a low burden. <em>COL17A1</em> was overexpressed in several cancers but underexpressed in melanoma, without strong correlation to tumor-infiltrating immune cells. Although the incidence of ICI-induced BP significantly differed on the basis of cancer type, <em>COL17A1</em> mutations or dysregulation do not appear to drive this phenomenon, suggesting alternative immune mechanisms.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":73548,"journal":{"name":"JID innovations : skin science from molecules to population health","volume":"6 2","pages":"Article 100450"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146078087","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Human keratinocytes exhibit limited potential for SARS-CoV-2 infection despite ACE2 and mature cathepsin L expression","authors":"Leslie Hertereau ,&nbsp;Manon Barthe ,&nbsp;Noura Lamghari ,&nbsp;Peggy Merida ,&nbsp;Gaelle Pommier ,&nbsp;Elisabeth Pinel ,&nbsp;Jitendriya Swain ,&nbsp;Delphine Muriaux ,&nbsp;Hanan Osman-Ponchet ,&nbsp;Véronique M. Braud","doi":"10.1016/j.xjidi.2025.100447","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.xjidi.2025.100447","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The distribution of receptors and cellular factors across tissues determines differential susceptibility of cells to viral infection. For severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, viral spike and nucleocapsid proteins have been detected in the skin of infected patients. Whether the virus can directly infect skin cells has yet to be fully evaluated. Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 enters cells through 2 routes: ACE2-driven endocytosis and TMPRSS2-mediated plasma membrane fusion or ACE2/alternative receptors-driven endocytosis and cathepsin L–dependent fusion. This study assessed the gene and protein expression of these entry receptors and coreceptors in primary keratinocytes and fibroblasts. We found that the main severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 receptor ACE2 is present in human keratinocytes and is upregulated during their differentiation and toll-like receptor 3–mediated activation, whereas the coreceptor TMPRSS2 for fusion is absent, but mature cathepsin L is expressed. In vitro infection assays using the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 Delta variant showed that the virus can bind to the cell surface but cannot replicate within the cells. These findings suggest that although active viral replication in keratinocytes is unlikely, the presence and inducible upregulation of ACE2 in response to inflammatory stimuli may confer a limited potential for cutaneous viral entry, warranting further investigation into the consequences in terms of local inflammation and viral transmission.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":73548,"journal":{"name":"JID innovations : skin science from molecules to population health","volume":"6 2","pages":"Article 100447"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146037970","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Spatiotemporal fluorescence imaging of microRNA activity in 3-D models of human epidermis reveals contribution of the Notch pathway in the regulation of miR-30a in aging skin","authors":"Alejandro Gonzalez Torres ,&nbsp;Fabien P. Chevalier ,&nbsp;Ruth Aquino ,&nbsp;Mélanie Aimard ,&nbsp;Patrick Baril ,&nbsp;Jérôme Lamartine","doi":"10.1016/j.xjidi.2025.100444","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.xjidi.2025.100444","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>MicroRNAs are short noncoding RNAs that play important roles in fine tuning genetic networks as genes post-transcriptional regulators. Monitoring the regulatory activity of microRNAs is technically challenging, especially in primary cells and 3-dimensional (3D) organotypic cultures. We optimized the previously reported RILES miRNA-ON sensor system to visualize the spatial expression of miR-203 and miR-30a by fluorescence imaging in 2-dimensional and 3D cultures of human primary keratinocytes. The generated system, called RIFES (RNAi-inducible fluorescence expression system), successfully imaged the expression of miR-30a-5p and miR-30a-3p in the suprabasal layers of the epidermis. This information was exploited to uncover the molecular mechanisms regulating the expression of miR-30a in human keratinocytes. We demonstrate that chemical inhibition of the Notch1 pathway induced GFP expression in undifferentiated RIFES/miR-30a keratinocyte cells, with fluorescence redistribution in the basal layers of 3D RIFES/miR-30a epidermis. Moreover, overexpressing miR-30a in 3D epidermal models resulted in NOTCH1 downregulation, suggesting a negative feedback loop between miR-30a and Notch. Because the Notch pathway was found downregulated in aged epidermis biopsies, we propose that Notch downregulation contributes to miR-30a induction during aging. Therefore, the RIFES system appears as a powerful tool to visualize the expression of microRNAs in 3D epidermis and to identify their potential upstream regulators.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":73548,"journal":{"name":"JID innovations : skin science from molecules to population health","volume":"6 2","pages":"Article 100444"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145977631","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessing public interest in artificial intelligence in dermatology: A Google Trends analysis","authors":"Matthew J. Yan BS, BA ,&nbsp;Yuan Chun Jiang BS ,&nbsp;Shannon Wongvibulsin MD, PhD ,&nbsp;Steven T. Chen MD, MPH, MS-HPEd","doi":"10.1016/j.xjidi.2025.100435","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.xjidi.2025.100435","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Artificial intelligence (AI) is rapidly transforming dermatology, particularly through diagnostic imaging and enhancing patient management. Despite expanding clinical applications, public engagement with AI in dermatology remains underexplored. This study addresses this gap by analyzing public interest in AI dermatology over the past decade using Google Trends. Search terms were categorized into groups of “AI dermatology,” “general AI,” “AI nondermatology,” “general dermatology,” and “general nondermatology.” Monthly Search Volume Index values from January 2015 to January 2025 were collected, and linear and exponential regression models quantified temporal trends. Geographic analysis evaluated the frequency of countries appearing in the top five search volumes for each term. Public interest in AI dermatology terms increased markedly after 2022, with growth of 73.6%, 143.6%, and 59.1% in 2022, 2023, and 2024, respectively. AI dermatology terms demonstrated a steeper linear slope (6.212) compared with general AI (6.181) and dermatology terms (1.61), and an exponential growth factor of 0.551. Interest was highest in Singapore, Ireland, Australia, the Philippines, New Zealand, and the United Arab Emirates. These findings indicate a substantial rise in global engagement with AI in dermatology and highlight the importance of integrating public interest considerations into AI tool development, clinical practice, patient safety, and equitable access.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":73548,"journal":{"name":"JID innovations : skin science from molecules to population health","volume":"6 2","pages":"Article 100435"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145798247","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Spatially controlled induction and regression of basal cell carcinoma, visualized by serial imaging in young and old mice","authors":"Elisabeth A. Pedersen ,&nbsp;Marina Grachtchouk ,&nbsp;Paul W. Harms ,&nbsp;Allison K.C. Furgal ,&nbsp;Dawn Wilbert ,&nbsp;Allesandra Hoover ,&nbsp;Daryna V. Hodgson ,&nbsp;Katelyn Fiehler ,&nbsp;Anissa Alam ,&nbsp;Nihal Lingam ,&nbsp;Sunny Y. Wong ,&nbsp;Monique E. Verhaegen ,&nbsp;Andrzej A. Dlugosz","doi":"10.1016/j.xjidi.2025.100441","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.xjidi.2025.100441","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Basal cell carcinoma (BCC) is the most common skin malignancy, and the risk of developing BCC increases with age. BCC results from dysregulated Hedgehog signaling leading to activation of GLI transcription factors. In this study, we examined the impact of aging on BCC in cohorts of young (n = 37) versus aged (n = 97) mice using a transgenic mouse model in which GLI2A (GLI2 activator) was induced in mice at either the age of 7 weeks or 22–24 months, and BCC tumor development was monitored by weekly imaging. Young mice developed tumors slightly sooner and in greater numbers than aged mice but demonstrated similar growth rates once tumors appeared. However, BCC-associated increases in blood vessel diameter, tortuosity, and ulceration were impacted by age. BCCs in both young and aged mice underwent similarly rapid regression after GLI2A transgene inactivation. Taken together, our findings reveal that aging affects tumor-associated vasculature but not BCC formation or regression in our model. These results are in keeping with the notion that a major contributor to the increased incidence of BCCs in elderly patients is the accumulation of oncogenic driver mutations over time rather than intrinsic changes in aged skin that promote BCC tumorigenesis.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":73548,"journal":{"name":"JID innovations : skin science from molecules to population health","volume":"6 2","pages":"Article 100441"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145939041","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Diabetes status is associated with greater disease severity in hidradenitis suppurativa","authors":"Negar Foolad ,&nbsp;Amy J. Petty ,&nbsp;Winston Liu ,&nbsp;Jeffery T. Kwock ,&nbsp;Beiyu Liu ,&nbsp;Cynthia L. Green ,&nbsp;Andrea D. Coviello ,&nbsp;Tarannum Jaleel","doi":"10.1016/j.xjidi.2025.100439","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.xjidi.2025.100439","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>With the rising prevalence of endocrine conditions in the U.S., it is important to examine the relationship between diabetes mellitus and hidradenitis suppurativa (HS) severity. This retrospective, cross-sectional study evaluated whether diabetes status and HbA1c levels are associated with HS severity among 275 physician-diagnosed patients seen at an HS Specialty Clinic between June 2016 and January 2021. The primary outcome was HS severity measured by the International HS Severity Score System (IHS4); the secondary outcome was pain severity measured by the Numeric Pain Rating Scale (NRS).Among participants, 44.3% were non-diabetic, 35.3% pre-diabetic, and 20.4% diabetic. Median HbA1c levels were lowest in non-diabetic patients (5.3 [5.1, 5.5]) and highest in diabetic patients (6.9 [6.3, 8.4]). The NRS pain score was also highest in the diabetic cohort (5.0 [0.0–8.0]) compared to the non-diabetic (2.0 [0.0–5.0]) and pre-diabetic (4.0 [0.0–6.0]) groups (<em>p</em> = .005). A significant association was observed between HbA1c and IHS4 in univariate analysis (<em>p</em> = .004), with multivariable analysis approaching significance (<em>p</em> = .053) after adjusting for covariates. These findings suggest diabetes and higher HbA1c levels correlate with increased HS severity and pain. Prevention and management of diabetes may therefore modify the clinical course of HS.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":73548,"journal":{"name":"JID innovations : skin science from molecules to population health","volume":"6 2","pages":"Article 100439"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147396182","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Increased Risk of Postoperative Complications in Patients with Hypertension Undergoing Mohs Micrographic Surgery","authors":"Alexandra Elder ,&nbsp;Henry Y. Yang ,&nbsp;Megan O’Donnell-Cappelli ,&nbsp;Jenna L. Mandel ,&nbsp;Molly Wallace ,&nbsp;Lauren Banner ,&nbsp;Ramsay Hafer ,&nbsp;Thomas Z. Rohan ,&nbsp;Neda Nikbakht","doi":"10.1016/j.xjidi.2025.100414","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.xjidi.2025.100414","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Hypertension has been previously associated with higher intraoperative bleeding risk in patients undergoing Mohs micrographic surgery. However, the risks of common postoperative Mohs micrographic surgery complications have not been substantiated by large studies. Our study aimed to assess the risks of common Mohs micrographic surgery complications for patients with hypertension utilizing the TriNetX database, a global health records database encompassing over 105 million patients’ data, from January 2009 to January 2024. After 1:1 propensity score matching for age, sex, race, diabetes, nicotine dependence, obesity, and anticoagulant use, the final analysis included 80,739 patients in each cohort of patients with hypertension and matched controls. We found that within a 60-day postoperative period, patients with hypertension had a significantly higher risk of bleeding both intraoperatively (OR = 2.19, 95% confidence interval = 1.39–3.46) and postoperatively (OR = 2.11, 95% confidence interval = 1.44–3.09). In addition, patients with hypertension faced a significantly higher risk of various postoperative infections such as gangrene (OR = 2.17, 95% confidence interval = 1.24–3.79) and impaired wound healing (OR = 1.25, 95% confidence interval = 1.06–1.48). Results did not vary significantly by stage of hypertension. Essential hypertension is associated with significantly increased intraoperative and postoperative hemorrhage, infections, and wound disruptions; thus, it may be beneficial to assess and risk stratify patients with hypertension before performing Mohs micrographic surgery.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":73548,"journal":{"name":"JID innovations : skin science from molecules to population health","volume":"6 1","pages":"Article 100414"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145322958","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mucosal-Associated Invariant T (MAIT) Cells in Skin Immunity: Metabolic Regulation, Tissue Adaptation, and Roles in Skin Inflammation and Disease","authors":"Namya Nanda ,&nbsp;Chloe Kim ,&nbsp;Ishita Jain ,&nbsp;Charlene Cai ,&nbsp;Martin P. Alphonse","doi":"10.1016/j.xjidi.2025.100425","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.xjidi.2025.100425","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Mucosal-associated invariant T (MAIT) cells are a unique subset of innate-like T lymphocytes that recognize microbial-derived vitamin B metabolites presented by the nonpolymorphic MR1 (major histocompatibility complex class I–related protein). These cells comprise about 1–10% of circulating T cells in humans and are abundant at mucosal surfaces, including the skin. MAIT cells possess a semi-invariant TCR (typically, TRAV1-2/TRAJ33 in humans) and can be activated by riboflavin metabolites such as 5-OP-RU (5-[2-oxopropylideneamino]-6-d-ribitylaminouracil) and 5-OE-RU (5-2-oxoethylideneamino]-6-d-ribitylaminouracil) as well as through cytokine-mediated pathways independent of MR1. Upon activation, MAIT cells quickly produce proinflammatory cytokines, including IFN-γ, TNF-α, and IL-17, and perform cytotoxic functions by releasing granzyme B and perforin. This review thoroughly explores the role of MAIT cells in skin immunity and skin diseases. We detail their involvement in inflammatory skin conditions such as psoriasis, atopic dermatitis, and hidradenitis suppurativa, where alterations in MAIT cell numbers and functions have been observed. The review also addresses MAIT cells’ roles in wound healing, tissue repair, and antimicrobial defense within the skin. Furthermore, we evaluate the potential of targeting MAIT cells for therapy, including how current treatments affect them and the development of new immunometabolic strategies. Gaining a better understanding of MAIT cell biology in skin contexts could provide new insights into the development of skin diseases and lead to innovative dermatological treatments.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":73548,"journal":{"name":"JID innovations : skin science from molecules to population health","volume":"6 1","pages":"Article 100425"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145571759","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"JID Innovations: 5-Years old: Origins and opportunities","authors":"Russell P. Hall III MD (Editor, JID Innovations),&nbsp;J. Lamar Callaway Professor","doi":"10.1016/j.xjidi.2025.100440","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.xjidi.2025.100440","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":73548,"journal":{"name":"JID innovations : skin science from molecules to population health","volume":"6 1","pages":"Article 100440"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145839773","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"SOX2 Is a Potential Diagnostic Biomarker and Anticancer Target in Cutaneous Squamous Cell Carcinoma in Dystrophic Epidermolysis Bullosa: A Case Series Study","authors":"Clara Harrs ,&nbsp;Marieke Bolling ,&nbsp;Peter van den Akker ,&nbsp;Bart Koopman ,&nbsp;Barbara Horváth ,&nbsp;Gilles Diercks ,&nbsp;Léon van Kempen","doi":"10.1016/j.xjidi.2025.100417","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.xjidi.2025.100417","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A serious complication in epidermolysis bullosa (EB), particularly in recessive dystrophic EB, is the development of aggressive cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma with a high risk for metastasis and poor survival outcomes. The current standard of care is insufficient, and there is a critical need for safe and effective management options for this life-threatening complication in EB. Moreover, the pathophysiologic processes behind the aggressiveness of EB-associated cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (EB-cSCC) remain elusive. Especially little is known about genetic drivers specific for EB-cSCC, and information about the molecular profile of these highly malignant tumors could lead to novel insights about the underlying pathogenesis. In addition, EB-associated pseudoepitheliomatous hyperplasia (EB-PEH) is difficult to distinguish from EB-cSCC histologically and could be a premalignant precursor of EB-cSCC. Therefore, the aim of this study was to conduct gene expression profiling to detect potentially diagnostic biomarkers and anticancer targets in EB-cSCC and explore the potential role of EB-PEH in the tumorigenesis of EB-cSCC. We performed mRNA expression analysis and immunohistochemistry on formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue samples of EB-cSCCs (n = 8), non–EB-cSCCs (n = 10), and EB-PEHs (n = 7). The results revealed upregulation of <em>SOX2</em> mRNA expression in EB-cSCCs compared with that in non–EB-cSCCs, albeit in this study, the sample size was small, and cases and controls were not age matched, which may limit interpretation of our findings. In addition, immunohistochemical staining showed increased SOX2 protein expression in EB-cSCCs compared with that in non–EB-cSCCs. SOX2 protein expression was also observed in EB-PEH, with 1 case showing a transition from SOX2-negative to SOX2-positive cells, indicating the possible initiation of an EB-cSCC in situ. Further validation of the study results, including mechanistic studies, is needed before the utility of SOX2 as a biomarker can be assessed. However, these findings propose that SOX2 may play a role in the development of aggressive EB-cSCC and could serve as a potential biomarker of progression from benign EB-PEH to EB-cSCC.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":73548,"journal":{"name":"JID innovations : skin science from molecules to population health","volume":"6 1","pages":"Article 100417"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145364465","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}