JAACAP open最新文献

{"title":"Saliency Models Reveal Reduced Top-Down Attention in Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder: A Naturalistic Eye-Tracking Study","authors":"Sabine Dziemian PhD ,&nbsp;Gaston Bujia MSc ,&nbsp;Paul Prasse PhD ,&nbsp;Zofia Barańczuk-Turska PhD ,&nbsp;Lena A. Jäger PhD ,&nbsp;Juan E. Kamienkowski PhD ,&nbsp;Nicolas Langer PhD","doi":"10.1016/j.jaacop.2024.03.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jaacop.2024.03.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a highly prevalent neurodevelopmental disorder. It is associated with deficits in executive functions, especially in visual attention. Deviant visual attention in ADHD is suspected to arise from imbalances between top-down and bottom-up mechanisms. However, it is unclear which of these mechanisms propels the aberrant visual attention.</div></div><div><h3>Method</h3><div>In 815 medication-naïve children and adolescents (age range 5-21 years), differences in visual attention in participants with ADHD and neurotypical controls were investigated using eye tracking in a naturalistic video viewing task. Two opposing saliency models were used. Finegrained, based on low-level image features, was chosen to estimate bottom-up visually relevant areas. ViNet, a higher-level saliency model based on deep neural networks and trained on the gaze of neurotypical controls, was selected to determine top-down visually relevant regions. Correspondence between gaze and both saliency maps was calculated using normalized scanpath saliency, thus measuring the extent of coherence to bottom-up and top-down relevant contents.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Participants with combined ADHD showed lower mean normalized scanpath saliency for the top-down saliency map, but not the bottom-up one, compared with neurotypical controls. This contrast indicates poorer top-down control as a major contributor to impaired visual attention in combined ADHD. There was no significant effect for the predominantly inattentive ADHD group.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>This study demonstrated the use of eye tracking for differentiating between top-down and bottom-up visual attention. It shows that in combined ADHD, a reduction of top-down visual attention is key to an impaired competition between bottom-up and top-down visual attention.</div></div><div><h3>Plain language summary</h3><div>This study used eye-tracking to investigate visual attention differences during naturalistic video viewing among 815 medication-naïve children and adolescents with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and neurotypical controls. Computational models were used to quantify bottom-up and top-down mechanisms of visual attention to video content. The study found that individuals with ADHD had reduced control over top-down visual attention, suggesting an imbalance in visual attention mechanisms that may be targeted during intervention.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":73525,"journal":{"name":"JAACAP open","volume":"3 2","pages":"Pages 192-204"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140784553","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparing the Prevalence of Psychiatric Disorders in Cohorts of Children Born Extremely Preterm in 1995 and 2006: The EPICure Studies","authors":"Jennifer Larsen MBChB ,&nbsp;Josephine Holland BMBCh, MA (Oxon), MRCPsych ,&nbsp;Puja Kochhar BM, BSc, MSc, DCH, MRCPsych, PhD ,&nbsp;Dieter Wolke PhD, Dr h.c. mult. Dipl-Psych ,&nbsp;Elizabeth S. Draper PhD ,&nbsp;Neil Marlow DM, FMedSci ,&nbsp;Samantha Johnson PhD","doi":"10.1016/j.jaacop.2024.02.005","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jaacop.2024.02.005","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><p>This study aimed to identify the prevalence of psychiatric disorders in 2 population-based cohorts of children born extremely preterm (EP) 11 years apart to ascertain whether psychiatric outcomes have changed over time following improved survival of EP children.</p></div><div><h3>Method</h3><p>In the EPICure2 study, 200 children born EP (22-26 weeks’ gestation) in England in 2006 were assessed at 11 years of age alongside 143 term-born children. Children were assessed using the Developmental and Wellbeing Assessment (DAWBA). <em>DSM-IV</em> diagnoses were assigned by clinical psychiatrists for 145 EP and 98 term-born children. Outcomes were compared between a subsample of children from the EPICure2 cohort (2006, n = 76) and the earlier-born EPICure (1995, n = 161) cohort born at 22 to 25 weeks’ gestation in England.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>EP children in EPICure2 were significantly more likely than term-born children to have any psychiatric disorder (39.3% vs 3.1%; adjusted odds ratio [OR] = 15.1, 95% CI = 4.4-51.1), emotional disorders (14.6% vs 2.0%; OR = 7.3, 95% CI = 1.6-32.7), conduct disorders (6.3% vs 0.0%, <em>p =</em> .01), attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD, 21.9% vs 2.6%; OR = 7.2; 95% CI = 1.5-33.6), and autism spectrum disorder (ASD, 18.9%; vs 0.0%, <em>p &lt;</em> .001). There was no significant difference in the rates of any psychiatric disorder between EP children in the EPICure2 and EPICure cohorts.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>EP children remain at increased risk for psychiatric disorders at 11 years of age compared with term-born peers. Increased survival has not translated into improved psychiatric outcomes. Health care professionals need to be aware of this ongoing risk when caring for children born preterm.</p></div><div><h3>Plain language summary</h3><p>Medical advances have improved the survival of extremely preterm children, but whether long-term outcomes have also improved is unclear. This study compared rates of psychiatric disorders at age 11 years among 76 children born extremely preterm in 1995 and 161 children born extremely preterm in 2006, to identify trends in psychiatric outcomes. Results showed that children born extremely preterm in 2006 were more likely than term children to have psychiatric disorders (39.3% vs 3.1%). There was no difference in rates of disorders between children born extremely preterm in 2006 and 1995. These results suggest that there has been no improvement in psychological outcomes for extremely preterm children, and healthcare professionals should continue to monitor for psychiatric disorders in this population.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":73525,"journal":{"name":"JAACAP open","volume":"2 3","pages":"Pages 217-228"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2949732924000243/pdfft?md5=7e3817aacffe1e4c3bb409b603e93694&pid=1-s2.0-S2949732924000243-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142083535","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Clinical Characteristics and Treatment Outcomes of Alcohol Withdrawal Syndrome in Adolescents and Young Adults","authors":"Hayrunnisa Unlu MD ,&nbsp;Asmaa Yehia MBBCh, MSc ,&nbsp;Sherif El-Gayar MD ,&nbsp;Amogh Havanur MD, MPH ,&nbsp;Farha Deceus BS ,&nbsp;Samantha J. Brown BS ,&nbsp;Sarah B. Umar MD ,&nbsp;Paul E. Croarkin DO, MS ,&nbsp;Terry D. Schneekloth MD ,&nbsp;Osama A. Abulseoud MD","doi":"10.1016/j.jaacop.2024.01.012","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jaacop.2024.01.012","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>Despite the high prevalence of underage drinking, little is known about alcohol withdrawal syndrome (AWS) in adolescents and young adults. The aim of this study is to characterize AWS in this population.</div></div><div><h3>Method</h3><div>We conducted a retrospective chart review of all hospital admissions with the Clinical Institute Withdrawal Assessment of Alcohol Scale, Revised (CIWA-Ar) protocol at Mayo Clinic between June 2019 and June 2022.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>We identified a total of 10,220 patients with 16,338 hospital admissions where CIWA-Ar protocol was implemented. Within this cohort, 130 patients (70 male and 60 female; 1.3% of all patients) with 148 admissions (0.9% of all admissions) were under 21 years of age. A total of 44% of patients (n = 65) presented with suicidal ideations, and 26% (n = 40) had suicide attempts. In all, 22 (n = 33) required admission to the intensive care unit. The median length of stay in the intensive care unit was 32.8 hours. The median peak CIWA-Ar score was 9 (minimum-maximum = 4-39, interquartile range = 7), and the median time from hospital admission to peak CIWA-Ar score was 9.4 hours (minimum-maximum = 0.1-126, interquartile range = 20.2). A total of 40% of patients (n = 59) received benzodiazepines, whereas 20% (n = 31) required antipsychotics. Three patients (2%) developed delirium tremens, and 5 episodes of alcohol withdrawal seizures (3.4%) were observed. No deaths were reported during hospitalization. However, over the subsequent follow-up period from 2019 to 2023, the all-cause post-hospitalization mortality rate was 3% (n = 4) within 1.6 (±0.6) years.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>These data suggest that adolescents and young adults presenting for treatment of AWS are at risk for morbidity and mortality due to suicidality and withdrawal complications such as withdrawal seizures and delirium tremens. Further studies should evaluate the underlying social and neurobiological predictors of vulnerability and resilience in this age group.</div></div><div><h3>Plain language summary</h3><div>A study of adolescents and young adults experiencing alcohol withdrawal (AW) at Mayo Clinic identified 130 patients under 21 years old among 10,220 patients with AW (1.3% of the total) and 148 admissions among 16,338 admissions (0.9% of all AW admissions). Results revealed concerning trends in these minors: 44% presented with suicidal thoughts, 26% attempted suicide, and 22% required treatment in the intensive care unit. Although no in-hospital deaths were recorded, 4 patients (3%) experienced all-cause mortality within 1.6 years after discharge, but the causes of death remained unknown. These findings highlight the health risks of underage drinking and emphasize the need for further research.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":73525,"journal":{"name":"JAACAP open","volume":"3 2","pages":"Pages 216-231"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144154456","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cerebral Blood Flow and Mood in Adolescents With Bipolar Disorder","authors":"Simina Toma MD, MSc ,&nbsp;Mikaela K. Dimick PhD ,&nbsp;Anahit Grigorian MSc ,&nbsp;Lisa Fiksenbaum PhD ,&nbsp;Andrew D. Robertson PhD ,&nbsp;Kody G. Kennedy PhD ,&nbsp;Rachel H.B. Mitchell MD, MSc ,&nbsp;Bradley J. MacIntosh PhD ,&nbsp;Benjamin I. Goldstein MD, PhD","doi":"10.1016/j.jaacop.2024.01.011","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jaacop.2024.01.011","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Objective&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;div&gt;Multiple prior studies have examined cerebral blood flow (CBF) in relation to mood states in adults with bipolar disorder (BD). This study examined CBF related to mood states in adolescents early in the course of BD, about which little is known.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Method&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;div&gt;The study recruited 155 adolescents (mean [SD] age = 17.23 [1.62] years), including 81 with BD (32 hypomanic/mixed, 25 depressed, 24 euthymic) and 74 healthy controls. CBF was ascertained using pseudocontinuous arterial spin labeling magnetic resonance imaging. Region-of-interest analysis (amygdala, anterior cingulate cortex, middle frontal gyrus) controlling for age, sex, and race was complemented by whole-brain voxel-wise analyses. Within-BD regression analysis using age and sex as covariates examined the association of mania and depression severity with CBF.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Results&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;div&gt;In region-of-interest analyses, there were no group differences in CBF. Within the overall BD group, higher depression scores were associated with lower anterior cingulate cortex CBF (β = −.27, &lt;em&gt;p&lt;/em&gt; = .01). In corrected voxel-wise analyses, CBF in the euthymic BD group was significantly higher compared with healthy controls in temporal and precentral regions.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Conclusion&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;div&gt;The finding of elevated regional CBF in adolescents with euthymic BD diverges from prior findings of reduced regional CBF in adults with BD. Higher CBF in adolescents with euthymic BD may reflect a developmentally specific compensatory perfusion mechanism required to maintain euthymia. However, longitudinal studies are needed to understand the temporal association of CBF and mood state in adolescents with BD, ideally followed into adulthood.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Plain language summary&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;div&gt;Cerebral blood flow, which is the amount of blood that is delivered to the brain, may be impacted in bipolar disorder. This study compared a group of adolescents with bipolar disorder in different mood states with a control group of adolescents without bipolar disorder. This study found that lower cerebral flow in brain regions associated with mood regulation is inversely correlated with depressive symptoms, and that adolescents with bipolar disorder who are not currently in a mood episode had higher cerebral blood flow that may be developmentally adaptive.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Diversity &amp; Inclusion Statement&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;div&gt;We worked to ensure sex and gender balance in the recruitment of human participants. We worked to ensure race, ethnic, and/or other types of diversity in the recruitment of human participants. We worked to ensure that the study questionnaires were prepared in an inclusive way. One or more of the authors of this paper self-identifies as a member of one or more historically underrepresented sexual and/or gender groups in science. We actively worked to promote sex and gender balance in our author group. We actively worked to promote inclusion of h","PeriodicalId":73525,"journal":{"name":"JAACAP open","volume":"3 2","pages":"Pages 205-215"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140279511","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Navigating Funding Cliffs: An Exploration of the Dynamic Contextual Factors That Influence Evidence-Based Practice Sustainment","authors":"Kerry M. Lindquist BA,&nbsp;Sapna J. Mendon-Plasek PhD,&nbsp;George T. Timmins MPH, MPhil,&nbsp;Alex R. Dopp PhD,&nbsp;Sarah B. Hunter PhD","doi":"10.1016/j.jaacop.2024.02.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jaacop.2024.02.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>Contextual factors exert dynamic influences on sustainment of evidence-based practice (EBP) after grant funding ends (ie, funding cliffs), but how these factors change over time remains poorly understood. Exploring the factors that affect EBP sustainment trajectories can help explain how community-based treatment organizations navigate funding cliffs.</div></div><div><h3>Method</h3><div>The study sample comprised 51 community-based treatment organizations drawn from national cohorts that completed federal grants to implement the Adolescent Community Reinforcement Approach (A-CRA), a youth substance use EBP. Interviews were conducted with clinical staff (N = 129) across 2 or 3 annual waves. Interviews focused on staff perspectives about A-CRA sustainment. Based on interview field notes, a longitudinal thematic analysis was conducted to identify influences on organizational sustainment trajectories (ie, pivotal moments, transitions, driving forces, and slow burn processes).</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The end of grant funding triggered numerous sustainment challenges. Pivotal moment events, such as receiving additional funding for A-CRA, helped mitigate the consequences of funding cliffs. Transitions, such as staff turnover, generally impeded sustainment, as organizations had to reinvest in A-CRA-trained staff. Other factors exerted effects that were either directly connected to A-CRA (driving forces), such as committed leadership that fostered staff buy-in, or were more indirectly related (slow burns), such as client population characteristics that made A-CRA delivery challenging.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>These results illustrate how interrelated processes influence EBP sustainment trajectories. Although organizations may exhibit a pattern of supports for sustainment of EBP, these factors can change over time and do not guarantee future sustainment. These findings also can inform strategies for strengthening EBP sustainment.</div></div><div><h3>Plain language summary</h3><div>This study interviewed providers from 51 treatment organizations on steps taken to ensure sustainment, or continuing use, of their evidence-based substance use treatment programs. Findings showed that no single factor guarantees or negates future sustainment – rather, it was a complex process that unfolds over time and follows a variety of pathways. For example, “pivotal moment” events like receiving additional funding were often key to sustaining treatment over time; whereas “transitions” like having providers leave the organization were threats to sustainment unless resources were available to involve additional providers. These findings suggest opportunities for policy and program supports.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":73525,"journal":{"name":"JAACAP open","volume":"3 2","pages":"Pages 245-256"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144154457","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Irritability, Negative Life Events, and the Course of Anxiety and Depressive Symptoms in a Clinical Sample of Youth: A Longitudinal Study","authors":"Camille Archer BA ,&nbsp;Tatiana Meza-Cervera PhD ,&nbsp;Brooke Scheinberg BA ,&nbsp;Katharina Kircanski PhD ,&nbsp;Melissa A. Brotman PhD ,&nbsp;Daniel S. Pine MD ,&nbsp;Ellen Leibenluft MD ,&nbsp;Julia O. Linke PhD","doi":"10.1016/j.jaacop.2023.09.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jaacop.2023.09.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><p>Irritability, the tendency to react with anger, and the experience of negative life events (NLE) have independently been associated with the emergence of anxiety and depression. This study investigated how irritability and cumulative effects of NLE interactively predict the course of anxiety and depression in the context of common psychiatric disorders.</p></div><div><h3>Method</h3><p>Study participants were 432 youth with no psychiatric diagnosis or with a diagnosis of an anxiety disorder, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, or disruptive mood dysregulation disorder. At baseline, we assessed NLE, parent and youth reports of irritability and anxiety, and youth reports of depression. Symptoms were annually reassessed for up to 4 years.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>In youth without psychiatric diagnoses but with elevated baseline irritability, the presence of NLE predicted decreasing anxiety, while the absence of NLE predicted increasing anxiety. In youth with an anxiety disorder, elevated baseline irritability predicted decreasing anxiety independent of NLE, while a large cumulative effect of NLE predicted increasing depression. NLE predicted persisting mild anxiety in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and persisting mild depressive symptoms in disruptive mood dysregulation disorder.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>These findings suggest that, particularly in nonreferred samples, NLE might moderate the relation between irritability and future anxiety such that irritability/anger in the context of NLE can positively affect the course of anxiety. Future work replicating this finding while repeatedly measuring NLE and rigorously controlling for potentially confounding effects of treatment is warranted.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":73525,"journal":{"name":"JAACAP open","volume":"2 1","pages":"Pages 45-54"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2949732923000364/pdfft?md5=44f5444cf39e2b5acea9bae5e3d4821c&pid=1-s2.0-S2949732923000364-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135346673","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sex-Specific Depressive Symptom Trajectories Among Adolescents in Los Angeles County, 2013 to 2017","authors":"Catherine Gimbrone MPH ,&nbsp;Samuel E. Packard MPH ,&nbsp;Megan C. Finsaas PhD ,&nbsp;Nadav L. Sprague MPH ,&nbsp;Ahuva Jacobowitz MA ,&nbsp;Adam M. Leventhal PhD ,&nbsp;Andrew G. Rundle DrPH ,&nbsp;Katherine M. Keyes PhD","doi":"10.1016/j.jaacop.2023.10.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jaacop.2023.10.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><p>After remaining stable for many years, the prevalence of depression among adolescents increased over the past decade, particularly among girls. In this study, we used longitudinal data from a cohort of high school students to characterize sex-specific trajectories of depressive symptoms during this period of increasing prevalence and widening gender gap in adolescent depression.</p></div><div><h3>Method</h3><p>Using data from the Health and Happiness Cohort, a longitudinal 8-wave study of high school students residing in Los Angeles County from 2013 to 2017 (N = 3,393), we conducted a multiple-group, latent class growth analysis by sex to differentiate developmental trajectories in depressive symptoms scores measured by the Center for Epidemiological Studies– Depression (CES-D) scale (range, 0-60).</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>A 4-class solution provided the best model fit for both girls and boys. Trajectories among girls included low stable (35.1%), mild stable (42.8%), moderate decreasing (16.2%), and high arching (5.9%). Trajectories among boys included low stable (49.2%), mild increasing (34.7%), moderate decreasing (12.2%), and high increasing (3.9%). Average scores consistently exceeded or crossed the threshold for probable depression (≥16). Across comparable sex-specific trajectory groups, the average CES-D scores of girls were higher than those of boys, whose average scores increased over time.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>In a diverse cohort of students in Los Angeles County, depressive symptom trajectories were comparable to prior time periods but with a higher proportion of students in trajectories characterized by probable depression. Trajectories differed by sex, suggesting that future research should consider differential severity and onset of depression between boys and girls.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":73525,"journal":{"name":"JAACAP open","volume":"2 1","pages":"Pages 55-65"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2949732923000522/pdfft?md5=ad945a9528b0234c0dcfa7a0b334fb2e&pid=1-s2.0-S2949732923000522-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136054657","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Intensive Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy Telehealth for Pediatric Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Comparison With a Matched Sample Treated in Person","authors":"Martin E. Franklin PhD ,&nbsp;Jeffrey M. Engelmann PhD ,&nbsp;Nyssa Z. Bulkes PhD ,&nbsp;Gregor Horvath MS ,&nbsp;Kelly Piacsek PhD ,&nbsp;Erik Osterlund BA ,&nbsp;Jennifer Freeman PhD ,&nbsp;Rachel A. Schwartz PhD ,&nbsp;Michael B. Himle PhD ,&nbsp;Bradley C. Riemann PhD","doi":"10.1016/j.jaacop.2023.09.007","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jaacop.2023.09.007","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><p>This naturalistic, nonblinded, nonrandomized study examined the efficacy of multimodal treatment including intensive cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) for pediatric obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) delivered via telehealth (TH) compared with a matched sample of youth treated in person (IP).</p></div><div><h3>Method</h3><p>Patients included 1,286 youth ages 7 to 17 inclusive (643 TH, 643 IP) who received TH or IP in either partial hospitalization (n = 818) or intensive outpatient (n = 468) programs. Changes in patient-rated OCD symptoms and quality of life from pretreatment to posttreatment were examined.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>TH patients were discharged with a statistically higher Children’s Yale-Brown Obsessive-Compulsive Scale Self-Report score than IP patients, although this group difference (1.4) was not clinically significant. Quality-of-life scores at discharge did not significantly differ between TH patients and IP patients. Treatment response was robust attesting to the broad applicability of the treatment model.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>Youth receiving CBT via TH responded both well and comparably to youth treated IP, offering a viable access path forward. These findings extend the reach of CBT for pediatric OCD. Concerted efforts must now be made to improve CBT availability for families for whom financial, insurance, geographical, and other barriers preclude access at present.</p></div><div><h3>Diversity &amp; Inclusion Statement</h3><p>We worked to ensure that the study questionnaires were prepared in an inclusive way. We worked to ensure sex and gender balance in the recruitment of human participants. We worked to ensure race, ethnic, and/or other types of diversity in the recruitment of human participants. We actively worked to promote sex and gender balance in our author group. While citing references scientifically relevant for this work, we also actively worked to promote sex and gender balance in our reference list. While citing references scientifically relevant for this work, we also actively worked to promote inclusion of historically underrepresented racial and/or ethnic groups in science in our reference list.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":73525,"journal":{"name":"JAACAP open","volume":"2 1","pages":"Pages 26-35"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2949732923000492/pdfft?md5=33627e6832a0b9c7e8eb31737e6c9878&pid=1-s2.0-S2949732923000492-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134935927","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Scope","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/S2949-7329(24)00004-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/S2949-7329(24)00004-8","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":73525,"journal":{"name":"JAACAP open","volume":"2 1","pages":"Page A1"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2949732924000048/pdfft?md5=7d6c60ad544d3fe0b62f8a15ebfed853&pid=1-s2.0-S2949732924000048-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140000352","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Executive Functioning, Internalizing and Externalizing Symptoms: Understanding Developmental Dynamics Through Panel Network Approaches","authors":"René Freichel MSc ,&nbsp;Janine Pfirrmann MSc ,&nbsp;Peter J. de Jong PhD ,&nbsp;Janna Cousijn PhD ,&nbsp;Ingmar H.A. Franken PhD ,&nbsp;Albertine J. Oldehinkel PhD ,&nbsp;Ilya M. Veer PhD ,&nbsp;Reinout W. Wiers PhD","doi":"10.1016/j.jaacop.2023.11.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jaacop.2023.11.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><p>Early adolescence is a transition period during which many mental health disorders emerge. The interplay between different internalizing and externalizing mental health problems in adolescence is poorly understood at the within-person level. Executive functioning (EF) in early adolescence has been shown to constitute a transdiagnostic risk factor, but the specificity of the associations between different domains of EF and mental health problems remains unclear.</p></div><div><h3>Method</h3><p>Network dynamics (ie, temporal effects) of different internalizing and externalizing symptoms were investigated leveraging data from the Tracking Adolescents’ Individual Lives Survey (TRAILS), a large longitudinal panel study of adolescents (&gt;1,641 participants) assessed at ages 11, 13, and 15. Two novel methodological panel network approaches were used: cross-lagged panel network models and graphical vector autoregressive models. Hierarchical regression models were used to investigate prospective associations between different measures of EF and broadband transdiagnostic dimensions.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Depressive problems predicted a range of other internalizing symptoms (ie, panic, somatic problems, separation anxiety, general anxiety, social phobia) over time, particularly during early adolescence. Important feedback loops with reciprocal associations between different anxiety symptoms were identified. Different facets of EF assessed at age 11, particularly sustained attention, showed weak but significant prospective associations with internalizing and externalizing symptoms at age 13.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>The present findings emphasize the importance of targeting depressive problems in early adolescence to prevent a spiral of different internalizing symptoms from arising later on.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":73525,"journal":{"name":"JAACAP open","volume":"2 1","pages":"Pages 66-77"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2949732923000601/pdfft?md5=aaca776a874197d997a5f0fed311ecda&pid=1-s2.0-S2949732923000601-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138613891","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}