ISRN pediatrics最新文献_第4页

The use of ketogenic diet in pediatric patients with epilepsy. 生酮饮食在小儿癫痫患者中的应用。

ISRN pediatrics Pub Date : 2012-01-01 Epub Date: 2012-08-28 DOI: 10.5402/2012/263139

Amanda Misiewicz Runyon, Tsz-Yin So

{"title":"The use of ketogenic diet in pediatric patients with epilepsy.","authors":"Amanda Misiewicz Runyon, Tsz-Yin So","doi":"10.5402/2012/263139","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5402/2012/263139","url":null,"abstract":"A ketogenic diet is a nonpharmacologic treatment strategy to control refractory epilepsy in children. Although this diet has been used successfully to reduce seizures since the 1920s, the anticonvulsant mechanism of ketosis remains unknown. The initiation of the diet requires an average four-day hospitalization to achieve ketosis in the patient as well as to provide thorough education on diet maintenance for both the patient and the caregivers. A ketogenic diet, consisting of low carbohydrate and high fat intake, leaves little room for additional carbohydrates supplied by medications. Patients on ketogenic diets who exceed their daily carbohydrate limit have the risk of seizure relapse, necessitating hospital readmission to repeat the diet initiation process. These patients are at a high risk for diversion from the diet. Patients admitted to the hospital setting are often initiated on multiple medications, and many hospital systems are not equipped with appropriate monitoring systems to prevent clinicians from introducing medications with high carbohydrate contents. Pharmacists have the resources and the expertise to help identify and prevent the initiation of medications with high carbohydrate content in patients on ketogenic diets.","PeriodicalId":73521,"journal":{"name":"ISRN pediatrics","volume":"2012 ","pages":"263139"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.5402/2012/263139","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"30899209","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 23

ISRN pediatrics Pub Date : 2012-01-01 Epub Date: 2012-06-05 DOI: 10.5402/2012/458064

Shahrokh Amiri, Ayyoub Malek, Majid Sadegfard, Salman Abdi

{"title":"Pregnancy-related maternal risk factors of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder: a case-control study.","authors":"Shahrokh Amiri, Ayyoub Malek, Majid Sadegfard, Salman Abdi","doi":"10.5402/2012/458064","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5402/2012/458064","url":null,"abstract":"Background. The etiology of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is complex.This study was conducted to evaluate the pregnancy-related maternal risk factors of ADHD. Methods. 164 ADHD children attending to Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Clinics compared with 166 normal children selected in a random-cluster method from primary schools. ADHD rating scale and clinical interview based on Schedule for Affective disorders and Schizophrenia for School-Aged Children (K-SADS) were used to diagnose ADHD cases and to select the control group. Results. The mean maternal age at pregnancy, duration of pregnancy, and the mean paternal age were alike in two groups. The ADHD children's mothers compared with those of control group had higher frequencies of somatic diseases, psychiatric disorders, and alcohol and cigarette exposure during the pregnancies (P < 0.01). Also birth by cesarean section was more common among mothers of ADHD children (P < 0.001). These factors plus trauma to the abdomen during pregnancy were significantly predictors of ADHD in children. Conclusions. Some pregnancy-related maternal factors may be considered as environmental risk factors for ADHD. Each of these factors considered in our study as a risk factor needs to be tested and confirmed through next methodologically appropriate researches in this field.","PeriodicalId":73521,"journal":{"name":"ISRN pediatrics","volume":"2012 ","pages":"458064"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.5402/2012/458064","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"30707040","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 36

Effect of Formula Feeding and Breastfeeding on Child Growth, Infant Mortality, and HIV Transmission in Children Born to HIV-Infected Pregnant Women Who Received Triple Antiretroviral Therapy in a Resource-Limited Setting: Data from an HIV Cohort Study in India. 在资源有限的环境中，配方奶喂养和母乳喂养对接受三联抗逆转录病毒疗法的 HIV 感染孕妇所生子女的生长、婴儿死亡率和 HIV 传播的影响：来自印度 HIV 队列研究的数据。

ISRN pediatrics Pub Date : 2012-01-01 Epub Date: 2012-06-03 DOI: 10.5402/2012/763591

Gerardo Alvarez-Uria, Manoranjan Midde, Raghavakalyan Pakam, Lakshminarayana Bachu, Praveen Kumar Naik

{"title":"Effect of Formula Feeding and Breastfeeding on Child Growth, Infant Mortality, and HIV Transmission in Children Born to HIV-Infected Pregnant Women Who Received Triple Antiretroviral Therapy in a Resource-Limited Setting: Data from an HIV Cohort Study in India.","authors":"Gerardo Alvarez-Uria, Manoranjan Midde, Raghavakalyan Pakam, Lakshminarayana Bachu, Praveen Kumar Naik","doi":"10.5402/2012/763591","DOIUrl":"10.5402/2012/763591","url":null,"abstract":"We describe a programme for the prevention of mother-to-child transmission (PMTCT) of HIV that provided universal antiretroviral therapy (ART) to all pregnant women regardless of the CD4 lymphocyte count and formula feeding for children with high risk of HIV transmission through breastfeeding in a district of India. The overall rate of HIV transmission was 3.7%. Although breastfeeding added a 3.1% additional risk of HIV acquisition, formula-fed infants had significantly higher risk of death compared to breastfed infants. The cumulative 12-month mortality was 9.6% for formula-fed infants versus 0.68% for breastfed infants. Anthropometric markers (weight, length/height, weight for length/height, body mass index, head circumference, mid-upper arm circumference, triceps skinfold, and subscapular skinfold) showed that formula-fed infants experience severe malnutrition during the first two months of life. We did not observe any death after rapid weaning at 5-6 months in breastfed infants. The higher-free-of HIV survival in breastfed infants and the low rate of HIV transmission found in this study support the implementation of PMTCT programmes with universal ART to all HIV-infected pregnant women and breastfeeding in order to reduce HIV transmission without increasing infant mortality in developing countries.","PeriodicalId":73521,"journal":{"name":"ISRN pediatrics","volume":"2012 ","pages":"763591"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3371722/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"30693088","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Transthoracic echocardiography in children and young adults with congenital heart disease. 先天性心脏病儿童和青年的经胸超声心动图分析。

ISRN pediatrics Pub Date : 2012-01-01 Epub Date: 2012-06-13 DOI: 10.5402/2012/753481

Martin Koestenberger

{"title":"Transthoracic echocardiography in children and young adults with congenital heart disease.","authors":"Martin Koestenberger","doi":"10.5402/2012/753481","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5402/2012/753481","url":null,"abstract":"Transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) is the first-line tool for diagnosis and followup of pediatric and young adult patients with congenital heart disease (CHD). Appropriate use of TTE can reduce the need for more invasive modalities, such as cardiac catheterization and cardiac magnetic resonance imaging. New echocardiographic techniques have emerged more recently: tissue Doppler imaging, tissue tracking (strain and strain rate), vector velocity imaging (VVI), myocardial performance index, myocardial acceleration during isovolumic acceleration (IVA), the ratio of systolic to diastolic duration (S/D ratio), and two dimensional measurements of systolic right ventricular (RV) function (e.g., tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion, TAPSE). These may become valuable indicators of ventricular performance, compliance, and disease progression. In addition, three-dimensional (3D) echocardiography when performed for the assessment of valvular function, device position, and ventricular volumes is being integrated into routine clinical care. In this paper, the potential use and limitations of these new echocardiographic techniques in patients with CHD are discussed. A particular focus is on the echocardiographic assessment of right ventricular (RV) function in conditions associated with increased right ventricular volume (e.g., pulmonary regurgitation after tetralogy of Fallot repair) or pressure (e.g., pulmonary hypertension) in children and young adults.","PeriodicalId":73521,"journal":{"name":"ISRN pediatrics","volume":"2012 ","pages":"753481"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.5402/2012/753481","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"30750978","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 30

Sexual Knowledge among High School Students in Northwestern Iran. 伊朗西北地区中学生性知识调查

ISRN pediatrics Pub Date : 2012-01-01 Epub Date: 2012-08-27 DOI: 10.5402/2012/645103

Ayyoub Malek, Ali Reza Shafiee-Kandjani, Abdolrasool Safaiyan, Hamid Abbasi-Shokoohi

{"title":"Sexual Knowledge among High School Students in Northwestern Iran.","authors":"Ayyoub Malek, Ali Reza Shafiee-Kandjani, Abdolrasool Safaiyan, Hamid Abbasi-Shokoohi","doi":"10.5402/2012/645103","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5402/2012/645103","url":null,"abstract":"Objectives. Regarding the importance of sexual desire in adolescence period and public and parental concerns about it and considering the lack of studies on sexual knowledge especially in adolescents in Iran, this study was conducted to evaluate the sexual issues in high school girls and boys. Patients and Methods. The cross-sectional study was performed on 2700 high school students. Students were selected through a multi-staged randomized sampling method in Tabriz and by the convenience method in Ardabil and Urmia. Data collection tool was a questionnaire including knowledge questions and measured by a three-point scale. Data were statistically analyzed with SPSS version 11.5 software. Results. 11.8% of the students had a low sexual knowledge, 46.7% had average and 41.5% had a high one. There was no significant difference between male and female students' general sexual knowledge. The highest knowledge was about being aware of the religious rules concerning sex. Conclusion. Adolescents should be trained and acquire information about the different aspects of sexual issues. Female adolescents especially need to be educated about puberty physiology, fertility physiology and STDs.","PeriodicalId":73521,"journal":{"name":"ISRN pediatrics","volume":"2012 ","pages":"645103"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.5402/2012/645103","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"30899210","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 18

High neonatal mortality rates in rural India: what options to explore? 印度农村新生儿高死亡率:探索哪些选择?

ISRN pediatrics Pub Date : 2012-01-01 Epub Date: 2012-11-18 DOI: 10.5402/2012/968921

Ravi Prakash Upadhyay, Palanivel Chinnakali, Oluwakemi Odukoya, Kapil Yadav, Smita Sinha, S A Rizwan, Shailaja Daral, Vinoth G Chellaiyan, Vijay Silan

{"title":"High neonatal mortality rates in rural India: what options to explore?","authors":"Ravi Prakash Upadhyay, Palanivel Chinnakali, Oluwakemi Odukoya, Kapil Yadav, Smita Sinha, S A Rizwan, Shailaja Daral, Vinoth G Chellaiyan, Vijay Silan","doi":"10.5402/2012/968921","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5402/2012/968921","url":null,"abstract":"The neonatal mortality rate in India is amongst the highest in the world and skewed towards rural areas. Nonavailability of trained manpower along with poor healthcare infrastructure is one of the major hurdles in ensuring quality neonatal care. We reviewed case studies and relevant literature from low and middle income countries and documented alternative strategies that have proved to be favourable in improving neonatal health. The authors reiterate the fact that recruiting and retaining trained manpower in rural areas by all means is essential to improve the quality of neonatal care services. Besides this, other strategies such as training of local rural healthcare providers and traditional midwives, promoting home-based newborn care, and creating community awareness and mobilization also hold enough potential to influence the neonatal health positively and efforts should be made to implement them on a larger scale. More research is demanded for innovations such as \"m-health\" and public-private partnerships as they have been shown to offer potential in terms of improving the standards of care. The above proposed strategy is likely to reduce morbidity among neonatal survivors as well.","PeriodicalId":73521,"journal":{"name":"ISRN pediatrics","volume":"2012 ","pages":"968921"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.5402/2012/968921","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"31099636","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 38

Risk factors at birth for permanent obstetric brachial plexus injury and associated osseous deformities. 出生时永久性产科臂丛损伤及相关骨畸形的危险因素。

ISRN pediatrics Pub Date : 2012-01-01 Epub Date: 2012-02-01 DOI: 10.5402/2012/307039

Rahul K Nath, Nirupama Kumar, Meera B Avila, Devin K Nath, Sonya E Melcher, Mitchell G Eichhorn, Chandra Somasundaram

{"title":"Risk factors at birth for permanent obstetric brachial plexus injury and associated osseous deformities.","authors":"Rahul K Nath, Nirupama Kumar, Meera B Avila, Devin K Nath, Sonya E Melcher, Mitchell G Eichhorn, Chandra Somasundaram","doi":"10.5402/2012/307039","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5402/2012/307039","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose. To examine the most prevalent risk factors found in patients with permanent obstetric brachial plexus injury (OBPI) to identify better predictors of injury. Methods. A population-based study was performed on 241 OBPI patients who underwent surgical treatment at the Texas Nerve and Paralysis Institute. Results. Shoulder dystocia (97%) was the most prevalent risk factor. We found that 80% of the patients in this study were not macrosomic, and 43% weighed less than 4000 g at birth. The rate of instrument use was 41% , which is 4-fold higher than the 10% predicted for all vaginal deliveries in the United States. Posterior subluxation and glenoid version measurements in children with no finger movement at birth indicated a less severe shoulder deformity in comparison with those with finger movement. Conclusions. The average birth weight in this study was indistinguishable from the average birth weight reported for all brachial plexus injuries. Higher birth weight does not, therefore, affect the prognosis of brachial plexus injury. We found forceps/vacuum delivery to be an independent risk factor for OBPI, regardless of birth weight. Permanently injured patients with finger movement at birth develop more severe bony deformities of the shoulder than patients without finger movement.","PeriodicalId":73521,"journal":{"name":"ISRN pediatrics","volume":" ","pages":"307039"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.5402/2012/307039","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40170558","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 23

Neonatal deaths in rural southern Tanzania: care-seeking and causes of death. 坦桑尼亚南部农村的新生儿死亡:求医和死亡原因。

ISRN pediatrics Pub Date : 2012-01-01 Epub Date: 2012-01-24 DOI: 10.5402/2012/953401

Mwifadhi Mrisho, David Schellenberg, Fatuma Manzi, Marcel Tanner, Hassan Mshinda, Kizito Shirima, Beverly Msambichaka, Salim Abdulla, Joanna Armstrong Schellenberg

{"title":"Neonatal deaths in rural southern Tanzania: care-seeking and causes of death.","authors":"Mwifadhi Mrisho, David Schellenberg, Fatuma Manzi, Marcel Tanner, Hassan Mshinda, Kizito Shirima, Beverly Msambichaka, Salim Abdulla, Joanna Armstrong Schellenberg","doi":"10.5402/2012/953401","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5402/2012/953401","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction. We report cause of death and care-seeking prior to death in neonates based on interviews with relatives using a Verbal Autopsy questionnaire. Materials and Methods. We identified neonatal deaths between 2004 and 2007 through a large household survey in 2007 in five rural districts of southern Tanzania. Results. Of the 300 reported deaths that were sampled, the Verbal Autopsy (VA) interview suggested that 11 were 28 days or older at death and 65 were stillbirths. Data was missing for 5 of the reported deaths. Of the remaining 219 confirmed neonatal deaths, the most common causes were prematurity (33%), birth asphyxia (22%) and infections (10%). Amongst the deaths, 41% (90/219) were on the first day and a further 20% (43/219) on day 2 and 3. The quantitative results matched the qualitative findings. The majority of births were at home and attended by unskilled assistants. Conclusion. Caregivers of neonates born in health facility were more likely to seek care for problems than caregivers of neonates born at home. Efforts to increase awareness of the importance of early care-seeking for a premature or sick neonate are likely to be important for improving neonatal health.","PeriodicalId":73521,"journal":{"name":"ISRN pediatrics","volume":" ","pages":"953401"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.5402/2012/953401","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40170560","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 25

Streptococcal pharyngitis: a prospective study of compliance and complications. 链球菌性咽炎：依从性和并发症的前瞻性研究。

ISRN pediatrics Pub Date : 2012-01-01 Epub Date: 2012-06-21 DOI: 10.5402/2012/796389

E Michael Sarrell, Shmuel M Giveon

{"title":"Streptococcal pharyngitis: a prospective study of compliance and complications.","authors":"E Michael Sarrell, Shmuel M Giveon","doi":"10.5402/2012/796389","DOIUrl":"10.5402/2012/796389","url":null,"abstract":"Background. Uncertainty exists concerning the necessity of 10-day antibiotic treatment of group A beta hemolytic streptococcus (GABHS) pharyngitis. Objective. To assess the incidence of GABHS recurrence and suppurative and nonsuppurative complications in relation to compliance. Methods. (Design). Prospective cohort observational study. (Subjects). 2,000 children aged 6 months to 18 years with sore throat and positive GABHS culture. (Main Outcome Measures). Recurrence of symptomatic culture positive GABHS pharyngitis, incidence of suppurative, and long-term, regional, nonsuppurative complications of GABHS pharyngitis, over a ten year period. Results. 213 (11%) of the children received no treatment. Most children received antibiotics for only 4-6 days (in correlation with the duration of fever, which in most cases lasted up to 3 days). Three hundred and six (15.3%) children had clinically diagnosed recurrent tonsillopharyngitis; 236 (12.3%) had positive GABHS findings within 10 to 14 days and thirty-four (1.7%) within 21-30 days after the index positive GABHS culture. The remaining 1.3% had no positive culture despite the clinical findings. Almost all recurrences [236 (11.6%)] occurred within 14 days and 156 (7.6%) in the fully treated group. The presence of fever during the first 3 days of the disease was the most significant predictor for recurrence. Other predictors were the age younger than 6 years and the presence of cervical lymphadenitis. No increase in the incidence of nonsuppurative or suppurative complications was noted during the 10-year follow-up period, compared to the past incidence of those complications in Israel. Conclusions. Our data suggests that the majority of children discontinue antibiotics for GABHS tonsillopharyngitis a day or two after the fever subsides. The incidence of complications in our study was not affected by this poor compliance.","PeriodicalId":73521,"journal":{"name":"ISRN pediatrics","volume":"2012 ","pages":"796389"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3388424/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"30750979","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Diabetic and metabolic programming: mechanisms altering the intrauterine milieu. 糖尿病和代谢程序:改变宫内环境的机制。

ISRN pediatrics Pub Date : 2012-01-01 Epub Date: 2012-11-20 DOI: 10.5402/2012/975685

Claudia Eberle, Christoph Ament

引用次数: 34