Infectious diseases & immunity最新文献

{"title":"The Progress and Challenges of Convalescent Plasma Therapy for Coronavirus Disease 2019.","authors":"Ming Shi, Chao Zhang, Fu-Sheng Wang","doi":"10.1097/01.ID9.0000733568.58627.47","DOIUrl":"10.1097/01.ID9.0000733568.58627.47","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS), severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS), and SARS-CoV-2 infection (causing coronavirus disease 2019 [COVID-19]) are serious diseases. To date, no effective post-exposure prophylaxis, prevention, or therapeutic agents are recommended as effective for these diseases. Convalescent plasma (CP), donated by individuals with established humoral immunity to the virus after recovering from coronavirus infection, has been successfully applied to treat several infectious diseases, including SARS, MERS, and COVID-19. Nonetheless, there are obstacles and challenges to using CP that should be taken into account. In this review, we summarize the evidence derived from clinical attempts to treat COVID-19 with CP, which represents a promising therapy for severe coronavirus infection. Furthermore, we outline the remaining challenges and general issues that should be considered when using CP treatment for therapeutic or prophylactic purposes.</p>","PeriodicalId":73371,"journal":{"name":"Infectious diseases & immunity","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-04-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8057313/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43249759","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Pathogenesis of COVID-19 Indicates Therapeutic Strategies.","authors":"Tai-Sheng Li, Ling Lin","doi":"10.1097/ID9.0000000000000005","DOIUrl":"10.1097/ID9.0000000000000005","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":73371,"journal":{"name":"Infectious diseases & immunity","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-04-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8057310/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47377281","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"CAPRL Scoring System for Prediction of 30-day Mortality in 949 Patients with Coronavirus Disease 2019 in Wuhan, China: A Retrospective, Observational Study.","authors":"Hui-Long Chen, Wei-Ming Yan, Guang Chen, Xiao-Yun Zhang, Zhi-Lin Zeng, Xiao-Jing Wang, Wei-Peng Qi, Min Wang, Wei-Na Li, Ke Ma, Dong Xu, Ming Ni, Jia-Quan Huang, Lin Zhu, Shen Zhang, Liang Chen, Hong-Wu Wang, Chen Ding, Xiao-Ping Zhang, Jia Chen, Hai-Jing Yu, Hong-Fang Ding, Liang Wu, Ming-You Xing, Jian-Xin Song, Tao Chen, Xiao-Ping Luo, Wei Guo, Mei-Fang Han, Di Wu, Qin Ning","doi":"10.1097/ID9.0000000000000001","DOIUrl":"10.1097/ID9.0000000000000001","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a serious and even lethal respiratory illness. The mortality of critically ill patients with COVID-19, especially short term mortality, is considerable. It is crucial and urgent to develop risk models that can predict the mortality risks of patients with COVID-19 at an early stage, which is helpful to guide clinicians in making appropriate decisions and optimizing the allocation of hospital resoureces.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In this retrospective observational study, we enrolled 949 adult patients with laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 admitted to Tongji Hospital in Wuhan between January 28 and February 12, 2020. Demographic, clinical and laboratory data were collected and analyzed. A multivariable Cox proportional hazard regression analysis was performed to calculate hazard ratios and 95% confidence interval for assessing the risk factors for 30-day mortality.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The 30-day mortality was 11.8% (112 of 949 patients). Forty-nine point nine percent (474) patients had one or more comorbidities, with hypertension being the most common (359 [37.8%] patients), followed by diabetes (169 [17.8%] patients) and coronary heart disease (89 [9.4%] patients). Age above 50 years, respiratory rate above 30 beats per minute, white blood cell count of more than10 × 10⁹/L, neutrophil count of more than 7 × 10⁹/L, lymphocyte count of less than 0.8 × 10⁹/L, platelet count of less than 100 × 10⁹/L, lactate dehydrogenase of more than 400 U/L and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein of more than 50 mg/L were independent risk factors associated with 30-day mortality in patients with COVID-19. A predictive CAPRL score was proposed integrating independent risk factors. The 30-day mortality were 0% (0 of 156), 1.8% (8 of 434), 12.9% (26 of 201), 43.0% (55 of 128), and 76.7% (23 of 30) for patients with 0, 1, 2, 3, ≥4 points, respectively.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>We designed an easy-to-use clinically predictive tool for assessing 30-day mortality risk of COVID-19. It can accurately stratify hospitalized patients with COVID-19 into relevant risk categories and could provide guidance to make further clinical decisions.</p>","PeriodicalId":73371,"journal":{"name":"Infectious diseases & immunity","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-04-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8057317/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48289560","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"<i>IDI</i>: Building a Bridge of Communication Between China and Other Nations in the Field of Infectious Diseases.","authors":"Fu-Sheng Wang","doi":"10.1097/ID9.0000000000000004","DOIUrl":"10.1097/ID9.0000000000000004","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":73371,"journal":{"name":"Infectious diseases & immunity","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-04-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8057311/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"61734091","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Diagnosis and Treatment Protocol for COVID-19 Patients (Tentative 8th Edition): Interpretation of Updated Key Points.","authors":"Gui-Qiang Wang, Lei Zhao, Xia Wang, Yan-Mei Jiao, Fu-Sheng Wang","doi":"10.1097/ID9.0000000000000002","DOIUrl":"10.1097/ID9.0000000000000002","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":73371,"journal":{"name":"Infectious diseases & immunity","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-04-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8057309/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46599904","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Origins of SARS-CoV-2: Focusing on Science.","authors":"Zheng-Li Shi","doi":"10.1097/ID9.0000000000000008","DOIUrl":"10.1097/ID9.0000000000000008","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":73371,"journal":{"name":"Infectious diseases & immunity","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-04-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8057312/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"61734133","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The COVID-19 Vaccine in Clinical Trials: Where Are We Now?","authors":"Hu-Dachuan Jiang, Jing-Xin Li, Peng Zhang, Xiang Huo, Feng-Cai Zhu","doi":"10.1097/ID9.0000000000000003","DOIUrl":"10.1097/ID9.0000000000000003","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) continues to scale up around the world, costing severe health and economic losses. The development of an effective COVID-19 vaccine is of utmost importance. Most vaccine designs can be classified into three camps: protein based (inactivated vaccines, protein subunit, VLP and T-cell based vaccines), gene based (DNA or RNA vaccines, replicating or non-replicating viral/bacterial vectored vaccines), and a combination of both protein-based and gene-based (live-attenuated virus vaccines). Up to now, 237 candidate vaccines against SARS-CoV-2 are in development worldwide, of which 63 have been approved for clinical trials and 27 are evaluated in phase 3 clinical trials. Six candidate vaccines have been authorized for emergency use or conditional licensed, based on their efficacy data in phase 3 trials. This review summarizes the strengths and weaknesses of the candidate COVID-19 vaccines from various platforms, compares, and discusses their protective efficacy, safety, and immunogenicity according to the published clinical trials results.</p>","PeriodicalId":73371,"journal":{"name":"Infectious diseases & immunity","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-04-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8057314/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45491586","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"ACE2 and TMPRSS2 Expression in Hepatocytes of Chronic HBV Infection Patients.","authors":"Xiao-Xiao Hu, Yan-Xiu Ma, Yao-Xiang Lin, Xiang-Ji Wu, Jing Wu, Hui Ma, Sheng-Zhang Lin, Gong-Yin Chen, Xiao-Ben Pan","doi":"10.1097/ID9.0000000000000007","DOIUrl":"10.1097/ID9.0000000000000007","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Pre-existing liver disease is a risk factor for the worse prognosis of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection. We aimed to evaluate whether chronic hepatitis B (CHB) and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) affect the expression of viral receptor angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) and transmembrane serine protease 2 (TMPRSS2) in the liver.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Twelve pairs of matched liver tissues of HCC and para-carcinoma were collected from the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine. And 20 liver biopsies from CHB patients were collected from Peking University People's Hospital. The expression of ACE2 and TMRPSS2 were detected using immunofluorescence staining, western blot, and RT-qPCR. The effects of hepatitis B virus (HBV) replication or interferon on ACE2 and TMPRSS2 expression were tested in hepatic cell lines.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The mRNA expression of TMPRSS2 in HCC tissues was six-fold higher than that of para-carcinoma tissues (<i>P</i> = 0.002), whereas that of ACE2 was not statistically different between HCC and para-carcinoma tissues. Hepatocellular ACE2 expression was detected in 35% (7/20) of CHB patients and mostly distributed in the inflammatory areas. However, there was no difference in TMPRSS2 expression between areas with or without inflammation. IFN-α2b slightly induced ACE2 expression (2.4-fold, <i>P</i> = 0.033) in HepG2 cells but not in Huh-7, QSG-7701, and L-02 cells. IFN-α2b did not affect TMPRSS2 expression in these cell lines. In addition, HBV replication did not alter ACE2 expression in HepAD38 cells.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Although HBV replication does not directly affect the expression of ACE2 and TMPRSS2, intrahepatic inflammation and carcinogenesis may increase their expression in some patients, which, in turn, may facilitate SARS-CoV-2 infection in hepatocytes.</p>","PeriodicalId":73371,"journal":{"name":"Infectious diseases & immunity","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-04-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8057318/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47267192","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Human IFN-κ Inhibited Respiratory RNA Virus Replication Dependent on Cell-to-Cell Interaction in the Early Phase","authors":"Weihui Fu, P. Sun, Jun Fan, Longfei Ding, S. Yuan, Guanxing Zhai, Miaomiao Zhang, C. Qiu, Shuye Zhang, Xiaoyan Zhang, Jianqing Xu","doi":"10.1097/ID9.0000000000000049","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/ID9.0000000000000049","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Background: Interferon kappa (IFN-κ) is a type I interferon (IFN-I) that inhibits virus replication by evoking interferon-stimulated genes (ISGs). However, as an evolutionarily ancient interferon, IFN-κ may function differently from the later emerged interferon-α and β. Methods: Conventional molecular biology methods were used to determine the localization of IFN-κ and its structure and function. In addition, we employed RT-PCR, western blot, and RNA-Seq technologies to characterize the ISGs expression profile and antiviral activities exerted by IFN-κ or IFN-α2. Results: Human IFN-κ exists in two forms upon ectopic expression, one located on the cell membrane and the other secreted outside the cells. The membrane-anchored IFN-κ showed the ability to induce ISGs and curtail RNA virus replication, whereas the secreted IFN-κ failed to do so. Structural analyses indicated that 1-27aa at the N-terminus was the signal peptide, and 28-37aa was predicted as the transmembrane region. However, our data demonstrated that both of them were not associated with membrane localization of IFN-κ; the former influenced the expression and secretion of IFN-κ, and the latter had an impact on the induction of ISGs. In addition, prokaryotic purified soluble mature human IFN-κ was also capable of inducing ISGs and inhibiting RNA virus replication. Importantly, human IFN-κ induced a faster ISG response but with a lower intensity and a shorter half-life than the response of IFN-α2. In contrast, IFN-α2 started to function later but was stronger and more durable than IFN-κ. Conclusions: Human IFN-κ-induced ISG response and inhibited respiratory RNA virus replication dependent on cell-to-cell interactions. In addition, compared with IFN-α2, IFN-κ exerted effects more rapidly in the early phase, with less intensity and a shorter half-life. Therefore, IFN-κ may constitute the first line of IFN-I against respiratory virus infections.","PeriodicalId":73371,"journal":{"name":"Infectious diseases & immunity","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44693474","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}