Implementation research and practice最新文献

{"title":"Tracking the randomized rollout of a Veterans Affairs opioid risk management tool: A multi-method implementation evaluation using the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research (CFIR).","authors":"Sharon A McCarthy,&nbsp;Matthew Chinman,&nbsp;Shari S Rogal,&nbsp;Gloria Klima,&nbsp;Leslie R M Hausmann,&nbsp;Maria K Mor,&nbsp;Mala Shah,&nbsp;Jennifer A Hale,&nbsp;Hongwei Zhang,&nbsp;Adam J Gordon,&nbsp;Walid F Gellad","doi":"10.1177/26334895221114665","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/26334895221114665","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The Veterans Health Administration (VHA) developed the Stratification Tool for Opioid Risk Mitigation (STORM) dashboard to assist in identifying Veterans at risk for adverse opioid overdose or suicide-related events. In 2018, a policy was implemented requiring VHA facilities to complete case reviews of Veterans identified by STORM as very high risk for adverse events. Nationally, facilities were randomized in STORM implementation to four arms based on required oversight and by the timing of an increase in the number of required case reviews. To help evaluate this policy intervention, we aimed to (1) identify barriers and facilitators to implementing case reviews; (2) assess variation across the four arms; and (3) evaluate associations between facility characteristics and implementation barriers and facilitators.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>Using the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research (CFIR), we developed a semi-structured interview guide to examine barriers to and facilitators of implementing the STORM policy. A total of 78 staff from 39 purposefully selected facilities were invited to participate in telephone interviews. Interview transcripts were coded and then organized into memos, which were rated using the -2 to + 2 CFIR rating system. Descriptive statistics were used to evaluate the mean ratings on each CFIR construct, the associations between ratings and study arm, and three facility characteristics (size, rurality, and academic detailing) associated with CFIR ratings. We used the mean CFIR rating for each site to determine which constructs differed between the sites with highest and lowest overall CFIR scores, and these constructs were described in detail.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Two important CFIR constructs emerged as barriers to implementation: Access to knowledge and information and Evaluating and reflecting. Little time to complete the CASE reviews was a pervasive barrier. Sites with higher overall CFIR scores showed three important facilitators: Leadership engagement, Engaging, and Implementation climate. CFIR ratings were not significantly different between the four study arms, nor associated with facility characteristics.<b>Plain Language Summary:</b> The Veterans Health Administration (VHA) created a tool called the Stratification Tool for Opioid Risk Mitigation dashboard. This dashboard shows Veterans at risk for opioid overdose or suicide-related events. In 2018, a national policy required all VHA facilities to complete case reviews for Veterans who were at high risk for these events. To evaluate this policy implementation, 78 staff from 39 facilities were interviewed. The Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research (CFIR) implementation framework was used to create the interview. Interview transcripts were coded and organized into site memos. The site memos were rated using CFIR's -2 to +2 rating system. Ratings did not differ for four study arms related to over","PeriodicalId":73354,"journal":{"name":"Implementation research and practice","volume":"3 ","pages":"26334895221114665"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/74/9e/10.1177_26334895221114665.PMC9924239.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9388974","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Stakeholder intention to engage in fidelity measurement methods in community mental health settings: A mixed methods study.","authors":"Carlin P Hoffacker,&nbsp;Melanie Klein,&nbsp;Emily M Becker-Haimes,&nbsp;Jessica Fishman,&nbsp;Sonja K Schoenwald,&nbsp;Perrin B Fugo,&nbsp;Bryce D McLeod,&nbsp;Shannon Dorsey,&nbsp;Shannon Litke,&nbsp;Lah'Nasia Shider,&nbsp;Adina Lieberman,&nbsp;David S Mandell,&nbsp;Rinad S Beidas","doi":"10.1177/26334895221114664","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/26334895221114664","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The current gold standard for measuring fidelity (specifically, adherence) to cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) is direct observation, a costly, resource-intensive practice that is not feasible for many community organizations to implement regularly. Recent research indicates that behavioral rehearsal (i.e., role-play between clinician and individual with regard to session delivery) and chart-stimulated recall (i.e., brief structured interview between clinician and individual about what they did in session; clinicians use the client chart to prompt memory) may provide accurate and affordable alternatives for measuring adherence to CBT in such settings, with behavioral rehearsal yielding greater correspondence with direct observation.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Drawing on established causal theories from social psychology and leading implementation science frameworks, this study evaluates stakeholders' intention to use behavioral rehearsal and chart-stimulated recall. Specifically, we measured attitudes, self-efficacy, and subjective norms toward using each, and compared these factors across the two methods. We also examined the relationship between attitudes, self-efficacy, subjective norms, and intention to use each method. Finally, using an integrated approach we asked stakeholders to discuss their perception of contextual factors that may influence beliefs about using each method. These data were collected from community-based supervisors (<i>n</i> = 17) and clinicians (<i>n</i> = 66).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Quantitative analyses suggest moderately strong intention to use both methods across stakeholders. There were no differences in supervisors' or clinicians' attitudes, self-efficacy, subjective norms, or intention across methods. More positive attitudes and greater reported subjective norms were associated with greater reported intention to use either measure. Qualitative analyses identified participants' specific beliefs about using each fidelity measure in their organization, and results were organized using the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Strategies are warranted to overcome or minimize potential barriers to using fidelity measurement methods and to further increase the strength of intention to use them.<b>Plain Language Summary:</b> The best way to measure fidelity, or how closely a clinician follows the protocol, to Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) is watching the session. This is an expensive practice that is not feasible for many community organizations to do regularly. Recent research indicates that behavioral rehearsal, or a role-play between the clinician and individual with regard to session delivery, and chart-stimulated recall, or a brief discussion between an individual and the clinician about what they did in session with the clinician having access to the chart to help them remember, may provide accurate and affordabl","PeriodicalId":73354,"journal":{"name":"Implementation research and practice","volume":"3 ","pages":"26334895221114664"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/0b/d4/10.1177_26334895221114664.PMC9924256.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9388977","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Corrigendum to Implementation Strategies for Integrating Tobacco Cessation Treatment in Cancer Care: A Qualitative Study.","authors":"","doi":"10.1177/26334895221128626","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/26334895221128626","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1177/26334895221112153.].</p>","PeriodicalId":73354,"journal":{"name":"Implementation research and practice","volume":"3 ","pages":"26334895221128626"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/e0/9c/10.1177_26334895221128626.PMC9978630.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9388979","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Expect the Unexpected: A Qualitative Study of the Ripple Effects of Children's Mental Health Services Implementation Efforts.","authors":"Michael D Pullmann,&nbsp;Shannon Dorsey,&nbsp;Mylien T Duong,&nbsp;Aaron R Lyon,&nbsp;Ian Muse,&nbsp;Cathy M Corbin,&nbsp;Chayna J Davis,&nbsp;Kristin Thorp,&nbsp;Millie Sweeney,&nbsp;Cara C Lewis,&nbsp;Byron J Powell","doi":"10.1177/26334895221120797","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/26334895221120797","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Strategies to implement evidence-based interventions (EBIs) in children's mental health services have complex direct and indirect causal impacts on multiple outcomes. Ripple effects are outcomes caused by EBI implementation efforts that are unplanned, unanticipated, and/or more salient to stakeholders other than researchers and implementers. The purpose of the current paper is to provide a compilation of possible ripple effects associated with EBI implementation strategies in children's mental health services, to be used for implementation planning, research, and quality improvement.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Participants were identified via expert nomination and snowball sampling. Online surveys were completed by 81 participants, each representing one of five roles: providers of mental health services to children or youth, researchers, policy makers, caregivers, and youth. A partially directed conventional content analysis with consensus decision making was used to code ripple effects.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Four hundred and four unique responses were coded into 66 ripple effects and 14 categories. Categories include general knowledge, skills, attitudes, and confidence about using EBIs; general job-related ripple effects; EBI treatment adherence, fidelity, and alignment; gaming the system; equity and stigma; shifting roles, role clarity, and task shifting; economic costs and benefits; EBI treatment availability, access, participation, attendance, barriers, and facilitators; clinical process and treatment quality; client engagement, therapeutic alliance, and client satisfaction; clinical organization structure, relationships in the organization, process, and functioning; youth client and caregiver outcomes; and use of EBI strategies and insights in one's own life.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This research advances the field by providing children's mental health implementers, researchers, funders, policy makers, and consumers with a menu of potential ripple effects. It can be a practical tool to ensure compliance with guidance from Quality Improvement/Quality Assurance, Complexity Science, and Diffusion of Innovation Theory. Future phases will match potential ripple effects with salient children's mental health implementation strategies for each participant role.</p>","PeriodicalId":73354,"journal":{"name":"Implementation research and practice","volume":"3 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/73/71/10.1177_26334895221120797.PMC9731268.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10422225","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Implementation of a clinical pathway to screen and treat medical inpatients for opioid withdrawal.","authors":"Kimberly D Williams, Beverly L Wilson, Claudine T Jurkovitz, Jo A Melson, Jeffrey A Reitz, Carmen K Pal, Sherry P Hausman, Erin Booker, Linda J Lang, Terry L Horton","doi":"10.1177/26334895221096290","DOIUrl":"10.1177/26334895221096290","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Opioid-related inpatient hospital stays are increasing at alarming rates. Unidentified and poorly treated opioid withdrawal may be associated with inpatients leaving against medical advice and increased health care utilization. To address these concerns, we developed and implemented a clinical pathway to screen and treat medical service inpatients for opioid withdrawal.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The pathway process included a two-item universal screening instrument to identify opioid withdrawal risk (Opioid Withdrawal Risk Assessment [OWRA]), use of the validated Clinical Opiate Withdrawal Scale (COWS) to monitor opioid withdrawal symptoms and severity, and a 72-h buprenorphine/naloxone-based treatment protocol. Implementation outcomes including adoption, fidelity, and sustainability of this new pathway model were measured. To assess if there were changes in nursing staff acceptability, appropriateness, and adoption of the new pathway process, a cross-sectional survey was administered to pilot four hospital medical units before and after pathway implementation.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Between 2016 and 2018, 72.4% (77,483/107,071) of admitted patients received the OWRA screening tool. Of those, 3.0% (2,347/77,483) were identified at risk for opioid withdrawal. Of those 2,347 patients, 2,178 (92.8%) were assessed with the COWS and 29.6% (645/2,178) were found to be in active withdrawal. A total of 49.5% (319/645) patients were treated with buprenorphine/naloxone. Fifty-seven percent (83/145) of nurses completed both the pre- and post-pathway implementation surveys. Analysis of the pre/post survey data revealed that nurse respondents were more confident in their ability to determine which patients were at risk for withdrawal (<i>p</i> = .01) and identify patients currently experiencing withdrawal (<i>p</i> < .01). However, they cited difficulty working with the patient population and coordinating care with physicians.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Our study demonstrates a process for successfully implementing and sustaining a clinical pathway to screen and treat medical service inpatients for opioid withdrawal. Standardizing care delivery for patients in opioid withdrawal can also improve nursing confidence when working with this complex population.</p>","PeriodicalId":73354,"journal":{"name":"Implementation research and practice","volume":"3 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/19/40/10.1177_26334895221096290.PMC9281054.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9327940","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Refining an Implementation Strategy to Enhance the Reach of HIV-Prevention and Behavioral Health Treatments to Latino Men Who Have Sex with Men.","authors":"Audrey Harkness,&nbsp;Elliott R Weinstein,&nbsp;Alyssa Lozano,&nbsp;Daniel Mayo,&nbsp;Susanne Doblecki-Lewis,&nbsp;Carlos E Rodriguez Diaz,&nbsp;C Hendricks Brown,&nbsp;Guillermo Prado,&nbsp;Steven A Safren","doi":"10.1177/26334895221096293","DOIUrl":"10.1177/26334895221096293","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Latino men who have sex with men (LMSM) experience HIV and behavioral health disparities. Yet, evidence-based interventions, such as pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) and behavioral health treatments, have not been equitably scaled up to meet LMSM needs. To address quality of life and the public health importance of HIV prevention, implementation strategies to equitably scale up these interventions to LMSM need to be developed. This study identifies themes for developing culturally grounded implementation strategies to increase uptake of evidence-based HIV prevention and behavioral health treatments among LMSM.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Participants included 13 LMSM and 12 stakeholders in Miami, an HIV epicenter. Feedback regarding the content, design, and format of an implementation strategy to scale up HIV-prevention and behavioral health services to LMSM were collected via focus groups (N=3) and individual interviews (N=3). Themes were inductively identified across the Health Equity Implementation Framework (HEIF) domains.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Analyses revealed five higher order themes regarding the design, content, and format of the implementation strategy: cultural context, relationships and networks, navigation of health information and systems, resources and models of service delivery, and motivation to engage. Themes were applicable across HEIF domains, meaning that the same theme could have implications for both the development and implementation of the implementation strategy.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Findings highlight the importance of addressing culturally specific factors, leveraging relational networks, facilitating navigation of health systems, tailoring to available resources, and building consumer and implementer motivation in order to refine an implementation strategy for reducing mental health burden and achieving HIV health equity among LMSM.</p>","PeriodicalId":73354,"journal":{"name":"Implementation research and practice","volume":"3 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/f6/17/10.1177_26334895221096293.PMC9674182.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9384162","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Which aspects of coalition functioning are key at different stages of coalition development? A qualitative comparative analysis.","authors":"Garrett J Jenkins,&nbsp;Brittany Rhoades Cooper,&nbsp;Angie Funaiole,&nbsp;Laura G Hill","doi":"10.1177/26334895221112694","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/26334895221112694","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Coalitions are increasingly utilized to promote positive community health outcomes. Typically, coalitions produce more desirable outcomes when coalition functioning is strong and the coalition model is implemented with fidelity. Although theory indicates that coalitions proceed through predictable stages of development, minimal research explicitly examines functioning and fidelity at these different stages.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>Within a larger evaluation of Washington State Community Prevention and Wellness Initiative, this cross-sectional study employs qualitative comparative analysis to illuminate the coalition functioning conditions necessary and sufficient to produce high model fidelity at different stages of development in 43 substance misuse prevention coalitions in one state.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In the formation stage, only the presence of high levels of coalition leadership was sufficient to produce high model fidelity. In the maintenance stage, three combinations of conditions were sufficient: (1) sustainability planning if, and only if, accompanied by the absence of coalition participation costs, (2) coordinator leadership, and (3) a combination of coalition leadership and team cohesion. In the institutionalization stage, two solutions were sufficient: (1) coalition leadership if, and only if, accompanied by the absence of sustainability planning, and (2) sustainability planning if, and only if, accompanied by the absence of coordinator leadership.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This study illustrates several tangible steps technical assistance providers may take to increase the likelihood of achieving model fidelity. In the formation stage, skillful and inclusive coalition leadership is important. In the maintenance stage, technical assistance should focus on reducing participant-perceived costs; increasing sustainability planning; enhancing coordinator-specific leadership; and developing team cohesion and coalition leadership. For coalitions in the institutionalization stage, coalition leadership and sustainability planning may be prime targets for technical assistance.<b>Plain Language Summary:</b> Community coalition approaches to addressing social problems are common and have some evidence of producing positive community outcomes. Research shows that coalitions produce more desirable outcomes when coalition functioning is strong and the coalition model is implemented as it was designed. Although theory suggests that coalitions proceed through predictable stages of development, few studies look at which supports are most needed, at each stage, to improve coalition functioning and implementation. This study aims to help answer that question by determining which aspects of coalition functioning, in which combinations, are key to strong, well-functioning coalitions at different developmental stages in a sample of prevention coalitions in Washington State focused on youth substa","PeriodicalId":73354,"journal":{"name":"Implementation research and practice","volume":"3 ","pages":"26334895221112694"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/b9/7e/10.1177_26334895221112694.PMC9924247.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9444875","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A typology of power in implementation: Building on the exploration, preparation, implementation, sustainment (EPIS) framework to advance mental health and HIV health equity.","authors":"Megan C Stanton,&nbsp;Samira B Ali,&nbsp;The Sustain Center Team","doi":"10.1177/26334895211064250","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/26334895211064250","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Persistent inequities in HIV health are due, in part, to barriers to successful HIV-related mental health intervention implementation with marginalized groups. Implementation Science (IS) has begun to examine how the field can promote health equity. Lacking is a clear method to analyze how power is generated and distributed through practical implementation processes and how this power can dismantle and/or reproduce health inequity through intervention implementation. The aims of this paper are to (1) propose a typology of power generated through implementation processes, (2) apply this power typology to expand on the Exploration, Preparation, Implementation, Sustainment (EPIS) framework to advance HIV and mental health equity and (3) articulate questions to guide the explicit examination and distribution of power throughout implementation.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This paper draws on the work of an Intermediary Purveyor organization implementing trauma-informed care and harm reduction organizational change with HIV service organizations. The expanded framework was developed through analyzing implementation coaching field notes, grant reporting, and evaluation documents, training feedback, partner evaluation interviews, and existing implementation literature.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The authors identify three types of power working through implementation; (1) <b><i>discursive power</i></b> is enacted through defining health-related problems to be targeted by intervention implementation, as well as through health narratives that emerge through implementation; (2) <b><i>epistemic power</i></b> influences whose knowledge is valued in decision-making and is recreated through knowledge generation; and (3) <b><i>material power</i></b> is created through resource distribution and patterns of access to health resources and acquisition of health benefits provided by the intervention. Decisions across all phases and related to all factors of EPIS influence how these forms of power striate through intervention implementation and ultimately affect health equity outcomes.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The authors conclude with a set of concrete questions for researchers and practitioners to interrogate power throughout the implementation process.</p><p><strong>Plain language summary: </strong>Over the past few years, Implementation Science researchers have committed increased attention to the ways in which the field can more effectively address health inequity. Lacking is a clear method to analyze how implementation processes themselves generate power that has the potential to contribute to health inequity. In this paper, the authors describe and define three types of power that are created and distributed through intervention implementation; discursive power, epistemic power, and material power. The authors then explain how these forms of power shape factors and phases of implementation, using the well-know","PeriodicalId":73354,"journal":{"name":"Implementation research and practice","volume":"3 ","pages":"26334895211064250"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/55/1f/10.1177_26334895211064250.PMC9978699.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9381856","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The implementation & sustainment facilitation (ISF) strategy: Cost and cost-effectiveness results from a 39-site cluster randomized trial integrating substance use services in community-based HIV service organizations.","authors":"Jesse M Hinde,&nbsp;Bryan R Garner,&nbsp;Colleen J Watson,&nbsp;Rasika Ramanan,&nbsp;Elizabeth L Ball,&nbsp;Stephen J Tueller","doi":"10.1177/26334895221089266","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/26334895221089266","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background:</b> As part of the Substance Abuse Treatment to HIV Care Project, the Implementation & Sustainment Facilitation (ISF) strategy was found to be an effective adjunct to the Addiction Technology Transfer Center (ATTC) strategy for integrating a motivational interviewing-based brief intervention (MIBI) for substance use disorders. This study presents the cost and cost-effectiveness results. <b>Methods:</b> Thirty-nine HIV service organizations were randomized to receive the ATTC-only condition or the ATTC + ISF condition. Two staff from each organization received the ATTC-training. In ATTC + ISF organizations, the same two staff and additional support staff participated in facilitation sessions to support MIBI implementation. We estimated costs using primary data on the time spent in each strategy and the time spent delivering 409 MIBIs to clients. We estimated staff-level cost-effectiveness for the number of MIBIs delivered, average MIBI quality scores, and total client days abstinent per staff. We used sensitivity analyses to test how changes to key variables affect the results. <b>Results:</b> Adjusted per-staff costs were $2,915 for the ATTC strategy and $5,371 for ATTC + ISF, resulting in an incremental cost of $2,457. ATTC + ISF significantly increased the number of MIBIs delivered (3.73) and the average MIBI quality score (61.45), yielding incremental cost effectiveness ratios (ICERs) of $659 and $40. Client days abstinent increased by 59 days per staff with a quality-adjusted life-year ICER of $40,578 (95% confidence interval $29,795-$61,031). <b>Conclusions:</b> From the perspective of federal policymakers, ISF as an adjunct to the ATTC strategy may be cost-effective for improving the integration of MIBIs within HIV service organizations, especially if scaled up to reach more clients. Travel accounted for nearly half of costs, and virtual implementation may further increase value. We also highlight two considerations for cost-effectiveness analysis with hybrid trials: study protocols kept recruitment low and modeling choices affect how we interpret the effects on client-level outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":73354,"journal":{"name":"Implementation research and practice","volume":"3 ","pages":"26334895221089266"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/2b/38/10.1177_26334895221089266.PMC9924275.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9387750","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Accelerating the impact of artificial intelligence in mental healthcare through implementation science.","authors":"Per Nilsen,&nbsp;Petra Svedberg,&nbsp;Jens Nygren,&nbsp;Micael Frideros,&nbsp;Jan Johansson,&nbsp;Stephen Schueller","doi":"10.1177/26334895221112033","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/26334895221112033","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The implementation of artificial intelligence (AI) in mental healthcare offers a potential solution to some of the problems associated with the availability, attractiveness, and accessibility of mental healthcare services. However, there are many knowledge gaps regarding how to implement and best use AI to add value to mental healthcare services, providers, and consumers. The aim of this paper is to identify challenges and opportunities for AI use in mental healthcare and to describe key insights from implementation science of potential relevance to understand and facilitate AI implementation in mental healthcare.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The paper is based on a selective review of articles concerning AI in mental healthcare and implementation science.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Research in implementation science has established the importance of considering and planning for implementation from the start, the progression of implementation through different stages, and the appreciation of determinants at multiple levels. Determinant frameworks and implementation theories have been developed to understand and explain how different determinants impact on implementation. AI research should explore the relevance of these determinants for AI implementation. Implementation strategies to support AI implementation must address determinants specific to AI implementation in mental health. There might also be a need to develop new theoretical approaches or augment and recontextualize existing ones. Implementation outcomes may have to be adapted to be relevant in an AI implementation context.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Knowledge derived from implementation science could provide an important starting point for research on implementation of AI in mental healthcare. This field has generated many insights and provides a broad range of theories, frameworks, and concepts that are likely relevant for this research. However, when taking advantage of the existing knowledge basis, it is important to also be explorative and study AI implementation in health and mental healthcare as a new phenomenon in its own right since implementing AI may differ in various ways from implementing evidence-based practices in terms of what implementation determinants, strategies, and outcomes are most relevant.<b>Plain Language Summary:</b> The implementation of artificial intelligence (AI) in mental healthcare offers a potential solution to some of the problems associated with the availability, attractiveness, and accessibility of mental healthcare services. However, there are many knowledge gaps concerning how to implement and best use AI to add value to mental healthcare services, providers, and consumers. This paper is based on a selective review of articles concerning AI in mental healthcare and implementation science, with the aim to identify challenges and opportunities for the use of AI in mental healthcare and describe key insi","PeriodicalId":73354,"journal":{"name":"Implementation research and practice","volume":"3 ","pages":"26334895221112033"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9924259/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9387751","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}