IEEE journal on selected areas in communications : a publication of the IEEE Communications Society最新文献

{"title":"Quantum Simultaneous Information and Power Transfer: Capacity-Power Tradeoffs in Discrete and Continuous Channels","authors":"Nizar Khalfet;Ioannis Krikidis","doi":"10.1109/JSAC.2026.3718832","DOIUrl":"10.1109/JSAC.2026.3718832","url":null,"abstract":"This paper introduces a new framework for quantum simultaneous information and power transfer (QSIPT), enabling the joint use of quantum states for classical information and energy transfer in quantum communication systems. We propose a novel model in which quantum states are simultaneously used to transmit classical information through a quantum channel and transfer energy to an energy harvesting (EH) receiver. The trade-off between communication rate and harvested energy is characterized by the capacity-power function, which is defined and characterized for both discrete-variable (DV) and continuous-variable (CV) quantum channels. For DV channels, we derive the properties of the capacity-power function, providing analytical upper and lower bounds for the amplitude damping channel and an exact closed-form characterization for the quantum erasure channel. For CV channels, we extend the mathematical framework by introducing a generalized beam-splitter (BS) receiver with adjustable transmissivity, jointly optimized with a transmitter mean-photon-number budget, that splits the channel output between the information decoder and the EH receiver. Specifically, we analyze the capacity-power and achievable-rate–power trade-off under various Gaussian encoding schemes including coherent, squeezed, and thermal states for both lossy bosonic and additive Gaussian noise channels. Closed-form expressions are derived for coherent-state encoding under the joint photon-number-budget and adjustable-transmissivity formulation; squeezed-state inputs are evaluated numerically. Our results show that, within the considered displaced Gaussian encoding class, coherent states achieve the best capacity-power trade-off, squeezed states do not outperform coherent-state encoding under the phase-insensitive channel and passive receiver architecture, and thermal states enable energy transfer without supporting reliable communication.","PeriodicalId":73294,"journal":{"name":"IEEE journal on selected areas in communications : a publication of the IEEE Communications Society","volume":"44 ","pages":"5537-5554"},"PeriodicalIF":17.2,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148633672","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Adaptive Quantum State Tomography","authors":"Phillip Cornett;Albert B. Dinkins Ⅴ;Kwang-Cheng Chen","doi":"10.1109/JSAC.2026.3737733","DOIUrl":"10.1109/JSAC.2026.3737733","url":null,"abstract":"Quantum state tomography (QST), a required technology for the characterization of quantum communication or computing systems, remains an active research area to increase the throughput of any quantum information system. Traditional fixed Pauli-basis routines take many measurement shots to reach the fidelities demanded by quantum calibration, communication, and sensing protocols. To address this problem for a single-qubit system, we propose a novel adaptive QST method that achieves optimally bounded measurements. Using a discretized Bloch sphere, we update a Bayesian posterior after each measurement to select a new measurement axis, determined by expected information gain. Such a method takes advantage of the infinite dimensionality of Hilbert space by including numerous measurement bases - far more than the standard Pauli triad - and uniquely motivating a search-space reduction method to discard unlikely states and uninformative bases, making the high basis count manageable. Our adaptive QST offers tunable convergence controls such that users can adapt according to required speed and accuracy, noise environments, and workload constraints. Large-scale simulations show our method rapidly approaches the best possible fidelity that closely track the Massar-Popescu optimal mean-fidelity curve with standard deviation scaling of <inline-formula> <tex-math>$mathcal {O}(1/N)$ </tex-math></inline-formula>. A photonic experiment implementing QST over 13 candidate bases validates our multi-basis theory.","PeriodicalId":73294,"journal":{"name":"IEEE journal on selected areas in communications : a publication of the IEEE Communications Society","volume":"44 ","pages":"5808-5822"},"PeriodicalIF":17.2,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149077949","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Performance Limits of Fault-Tolerant Quantum Error Correction Schemes","authors":"Lorenzo Valentini;Diego Forlivesi;Marco Chiani","doi":"10.1109/JSAC.2026.3693708","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/JSAC.2026.3693708","url":null,"abstract":"Quantum error correction (QEC) is essential for realizing scalable quantum computation. However, when evaluating its benefits, most analyses assume idealized components, overlooking the imperfections inherent in realistic fault-tolerant (FT) implementations. In this paper, we investigate the performance of QEC schemes taking into account that quantum gates and measurements are themselves error-prone. We derive bounds for the failure probability of Shor-style FT-QEC schemes using limited structural information, such as the number of flag qubits and quantum gates. Our analysis separates and quantifies two key contributors to the failure rate: decoding errors and residual errors arising from circuit-level faults. The derived bounds highlight fundamental limitations in Shor-style FT-QEC performance and quantify how circuit imperfections degrade error correction capabilities, under the assumption of depolarizing noise.","PeriodicalId":73294,"journal":{"name":"IEEE journal on selected areas in communications : a publication of the IEEE Communications Society","volume":"44 ","pages":"4704-4717"},"PeriodicalIF":17.2,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=11520831","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148171702","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Energy-Efficient UAV-RIS-Assisted SWIPT in Integrated Ground–Aerial–Space Networks","authors":"Lingling Liu;Xueyan Jia;Feng Shu;Jun Li;Liang Yang;Tony Q. S. Quek","doi":"10.1109/JSAC.2026.3700585","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/JSAC.2026.3700585","url":null,"abstract":"Reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS) has emerged as a promising technology to enhance both achievable rate and energy efficiency in next-generation wireless networks. This article investigates a novel energy-efficient UAV-RIS-assisted architecture for simultaneous wireless information and power transfer (SWIPT) in integrated ground–aerial–space networks, where a satellite cooperates with multiple UAV-RISs to provide downlink wireless energy transfer (WET) and support uplink wireless information transmission (WIT) for energy-constrained IoT devices in remote environments. We formulate an alternating iterative joint optimization problem (AIJOP) that aims to maximize the system sum achievable rate while ensuring causality of device energy via jointly optimizing UAV-RIS trajectories, RIS phase shift matrices, and satellite power allocation and time allocation between WET and WIT. The problem is highly non-convex due to the strong coupling among variables. To address this challenge, we propose a trajectory–phase–power–time alternating optimization algorithm (TPPTAOA), which decomposes the original problem into four tractable subproblems and solves them iteratively. Specifically, the UAV-RIS trajectories is first optimized via using a device scheduling and TSP-based path planning approach to solve the first subproblem, followed by the proposition of a two-stage heuristic phase optimization algorithm under fixed parameters to solve the second subproblem. Subsequently, the satellite power allocation is solved using a Lagrangian dual method, while the time allocation is optimized through a two-stage strategy combining grid-based coarse search with gradient-based refinement. Simulation results under various system settings verify the fast convergence, robustness, and superior performance of the proposed TPPTAOA, showing significant improvements in both energy efficiency and uplink achievable rate compared with benchmark schemes.","PeriodicalId":73294,"journal":{"name":"IEEE journal on selected areas in communications : a publication of the IEEE Communications Society","volume":"44 ","pages":"4892-4908"},"PeriodicalIF":17.2,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148236091","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Security Capacity Analysis of Wireless Sensor Data Transmission in UAV-Aided IoT Systems","authors":"Wei Gao;Chuan Liu;Feng Shu","doi":"10.1109/JSAC.2026.3669128","DOIUrl":"10.1109/JSAC.2026.3669128","url":null,"abstract":"In recent years, uncrewed aerial vehicle (UAV) has swept across the communication industry for its superior mobility and flexibility. UAV-aided communicaiton has been widely concerned by the academia and industry in space-air-ground integrated network, disaster relief network, Internet of Thing (IoT) system and so on. With the development of UAV-aided communication technology, the performance of transmission has been significantly improved. Subsequently, the problem of security transmission of UAV-aided communication has become increasingly prominent. In this paper, the security capacity of a UAV-aided IoT system is studied. Firstly, a channel field multiple access (CFMA) wireless sensor data transmission framework is proposed in UAV-aided IoT system. It contains a UAV base station, multiple IoT terminals and several malicious users. Under this framework, the UAV base station regularly flies over the area where the IoT system is located. The IoT terminals transmit sensing data based on the CFMA scheme. At the same time, surrounding malicious users cooperatively eavesdrop the sensing data of IoT terminal. Secondly, the system security capacity is analyzed and given under proposed framework. Through analysis, it can be concluded that the CFMA framework inherently possesses anti-eavesdropping capabilities, and the security capacity differences among different users are not significant. This is highly compatible with the requirements of the UAV-IoT system. Finally, the simulation results prove that the CFMA framework can meet the sensing data security transmission in the UAV-aided IoT system.","PeriodicalId":73294,"journal":{"name":"IEEE journal on selected areas in communications : a publication of the IEEE Communications Society","volume":"44 ","pages":"4011-4022"},"PeriodicalIF":17.2,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147350426","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Generalized Signal Design for RF and Optical SWIPT in Space–Air–Ground Integrated Networks","authors":"Shuaishuai Guo;Kaiqian Qu;Chenhao Qi;Anbang Zhang;Chenyuan Feng;Geyong Min","doi":"10.1109/JSAC.2026.3701334","DOIUrl":"10.1109/JSAC.2026.3701334","url":null,"abstract":"Simultaneous wireless information and power transfer (SWIPT) has emerged as a cornerstone technology for sustainable connectivity in sixth-generation (6G) space–air–ground integrated networks (SAGIN). This paper proposes a unified signal design framework that jointly supports radio-frequency (RF) coherent reception and noncoherent energy detection with co-located or separated deployments of information/energy receivers (IR/ER), thereby bridging RF and intensity-modulation/direct-detection (IM/DD) optical links. Guided by reliability, spectral efficiency, and harvested power metrics, we develop a generalized signal design framework based on a refined sphere-packing aimed at constructing high-dimensional symbols across space-time-frequency resources subject to symbol-level wireless power transfer constraints and an average power budget. The resulting nonconvex quadratically constrained quadratic program (QCQP) is efficiently solved using an alternating semidefinite programming–linear programming (ASDP–LP) method and an augmented Lagrangian dual-ascent (ALDA) algorithm. Analytical and simulation results confirm that the proposed approach achieves significant gains in communication-power trade-offs compared with conventional schemes, providing a foundation for sustainable RF–optical SWIPT in future 6G integrated networks.","PeriodicalId":73294,"journal":{"name":"IEEE journal on selected areas in communications : a publication of the IEEE Communications Society","volume":"44 ","pages":"4953-4967"},"PeriodicalIF":17.2,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148291612","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Revolutionizing 6G: Experimental Validation of an Optical Integrated Communication, Sensing, and Power Transfer System","authors":"Tiantian Chu;Jia Ye;Chen Chen;Xinyue Guo;Zhihong Zeng;Shuaishuai Guo;Harald Haas;Mohamed-Slim Alouini","doi":"10.1109/JSAC.2025.3608091","DOIUrl":"10.1109/JSAC.2025.3608091","url":null,"abstract":"The evolution of communication network architectures is steering towards more sustainable, flexible, and lightweight designs, particularly with the advent of sixth-generation (6G) mobile communications. Spectrum-rich optical integrated systems are anticipated to play a crucial role in this transformation, offering significant advantages such as high data rates, reduced interference, and improved energy efficiency. This paper introduces and experimentally demonstrates a novel optical integrated communication, sensing, and power transfer (O-ICSPT) system. The proposed system integrates optical wireless communication, sensing, and wireless power transfer into a multifunctional framework, addressing the limitations of existing systems in terms of flexibility and resource utilization. The experimental setup investigates the effects of bias current, peak-to-peak voltage, and light source wavelength on the performance of each functional module. Experimental results indicate that the O-ICSPT system achieves a maximum data rate of approximately 632.58 Mbps, a best ranging root mean square error approaching 0 m, and a peak energy harvesting capability of about 10.02 mW. These findings underscore the potential of the O-ICSPT system in future 6G integrated communication networks, marking the first experimental validation of such a system.","PeriodicalId":73294,"journal":{"name":"IEEE journal on selected areas in communications : a publication of the IEEE Communications Society","volume":"44 ","pages":"689-701"},"PeriodicalIF":17.2,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145035821","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Waveform Design for Simultaneous MIMO Radar Sensing and Multi-User Communication","authors":"Berkan Kilic;Kenan Turbic;Sławomir Stańczak","doi":"10.1109/JSAC.2025.3610450","DOIUrl":"10.1109/JSAC.2025.3610450","url":null,"abstract":"This paper proposes a novel two-stage joint waveform design framework for multi-antenna Integrated Sensing and Communication (ISAC) systems that simultaneously enable Multiple-Input Multiple-Output (MIMO) radar sensing and Multi-User MIMO communication. First, a transmit waveform covariance matrix is designed by solving a convex matrix nearness problem for beampattern synthesis that simultaneously maximizes transmit power in desired directions and minimizes cross-directional correlations, while accommodating independent antenna power constraints and supporting interference suppression through radiation null steering. Second, a waveform conforming to the designed covariance is synthesized while additionally enforcing inter-user interference suppression via the zero-forcing approach and imposing practical implementation constraints, notably limiting the peak-to-average-power-ratio on the individual antenna elements. Simulation results demonstrate that the approach significantly enhances ISAC waveform design flexibility, performance, and computational efficiency compared to the alternative methods in the literature.","PeriodicalId":73294,"journal":{"name":"IEEE journal on selected areas in communications : a publication of the IEEE Communications Society","volume":"44 ","pages":"263-277"},"PeriodicalIF":17.2,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145072982","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cognitive Beacon Estimation of Unknown LEO Satellites Signals of Opportunity for PNT","authors":"Sharbel Kozhaya;Samer Hayek;Zaher M. Kassas","doi":"10.1109/JSAC.2025.3610415","DOIUrl":"10.1109/JSAC.2025.3610415","url":null,"abstract":"A framework that could detect the presence of repetitive features in unknown signals is developed and experimentally demonstrated with non-terrestrial (NTN) sources, namely GPS and low Earth orbit (LEO) satellites. In modern communication systems, the existence of repetitive feature (i.e., the beacon) in the transmitted signals is inherited either implicitly; due to the transmitter’s source and channel coding, modulation, and multiplexing schemes; or explicitly, by broadcasting repetitive sequences for synchronization purposes. Upon detecting an unknown source, this framework, termed cognitive beacon detection and estimation, is capable of estimating the beacon, regardless of the adopted modulation scheme by the source. First, a model that is adequate to describe received signals from highly dynamic satellite channels is presented. The model parametrizes signals received from multiple unknown sources in terms of their time-varying carrier power, delay, Doppler, and user data. Second, a sequential beacon detection and estimation approach is developed, which is agnostic to the modulation scheme employed by the transmitter. The proposed cognitive framework allows for opportunistic exploitation of salient information embedded in the estimated beacon, such as beam, sector, and transmitter identification sequences. Third, the proposed framework is shown to converge almost surely to the correct beacon one at a time, until all sources are detected. Fourth, experimental results are presented demonstrating the efficacy of the developed cognitive framework in blindly detecting and estimating beacons of NTN sources, namely GPS and 5 LEO constellations: NOAA, Orbcomm, Iridium, Starlink, and OneWeb. These sources transmit in a diverse swath of modulation schemes: AM/FM, <inline-formula> <tex-math>$M$ </tex-math></inline-formula>-PSK, SC-FDMA, and OFDM. Finally, experimental results are presented demonstrating the applicability of the developed framework in navigating a ground vehicle with multi-constellation LEO satellite signals. The pseudorange rate measurements produced by the framework to 2 Orbcomm, 1 Iridium, 4 Starlink, and 1 OneWeb were fused with altimeter measurements via an extended Kalman filter to estimate the vehicle’s nearly 1 km trajectory, achieving a three-dimensional position root mean squared error of 4.15 m.","PeriodicalId":73294,"journal":{"name":"IEEE journal on selected areas in communications : a publication of the IEEE Communications Society","volume":"44 ","pages":"343-358"},"PeriodicalIF":17.2,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145072722","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hybrid Beamforming With Orthogonal Delay-Doppler Division Multiplexing Modulation for Terahertz Sensing and Communication","authors":"Meilin Li;Chong Han;Shi Jin","doi":"10.1109/JSAC.2025.3610799","DOIUrl":"10.1109/JSAC.2025.3610799","url":null,"abstract":"The Terahertz band holds a promise to enable both super-accurate sensing and ultra-fast communication. However, challenges arise that severe Doppler effects call for a waveform with high Doppler robustness while severe propagation path loss urges for an ultra-massive multiple-input multiple-output (UM-MIMO) structure. To tackle these challenges, hybrid beamforming with orthogonal delay-Doppler multiplexing modulation (ODDM) is investigated in this paper. First, the integration of delay-Doppler waveform and MIMO is explored by establishing a hybrid beamforming-based UM-MIMO ODDM input-output relation. Then, a multi-dimension sensing algorithm on target azimuth angle, elevation angle, range, and velocity is proposed, which features low complexity and high accuracy. Finally, an innovative decoupling of optimization goals is achieved by prioritizing sensing performance: Cramér-Rao lower bounds (CRLB) are minimized through dynamic beam scanning at the sensing combiner, which in turn allows the spectral efficiency to be independently maximized with stable beams at the precoder. Numerical results show that the sensing accuracy of the proposed sensing algorithm is sufficiently close to CRLB. Moreover, the proposed hybrid beamforming design allows us to achieve maximal spectral efficiency, millimeter-level range estimation accuracy and millidegree-level angle estimation accuracy.","PeriodicalId":73294,"journal":{"name":"IEEE journal on selected areas in communications : a publication of the IEEE Communications Society","volume":"44 ","pages":"746-759"},"PeriodicalIF":17.2,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145077597","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}