IEEE ... International Conference on Rehabilitation Robotics : [proceedings]最新文献

EPIC-Tech - Engineering and Physiotherapy Interdisciplinary Collaboration with Technology: A Case Study. EPIC-Tech -工程和物理治疗与技术的跨学科合作：一个案例研究。

IEEE ... International Conference on Rehabilitation Robotics : [proceedings] Pub Date : 2025-05-01 DOI: 10.1109/ICORR66766.2025.11063109

Camila Shirota, Jacquelin Donovan, Catherine Cave, Sami A Kaab, Alejandro Melendez-Calderon

{"title":"EPIC-Tech - Engineering and Physiotherapy Interdisciplinary Collaboration with Technology: A Case Study.","authors":"Camila Shirota, Jacquelin Donovan, Catherine Cave, Sami A Kaab, Alejandro Melendez-Calderon","doi":"10.1109/ICORR66766.2025.11063109","DOIUrl":"10.1109/ICORR66766.2025.11063109","url":null,"abstract":"We present a case study investigating the impact of integrating a novel rehabilitation device (Andago) into physiotherapy services of a public hospital in Australia. A 3month baseline of usual therapy was compared to a 3-month trial which involved an implementation team consisting of a physiotherapist and a rehabilitation engineer supporting a new rehabilitation device being used in clinical practice. Therapists were free to use the Andago for therapy. The patient progressed from non-ambulatory during baseline to walking with single-person assistance by trial end. There was a higher proportion of therapy dedicated to walking when comparing baseline to trial phases, and when comparing Andago and usual therapy within the trial phase. However, therapists reported increased perceived strain and fatigue during Andago-assisted sessions. Therapist engagement with the Andago was moderate, with the device utilized in approximately one out of five sessions per week. The implementation team enabled safe and supported uptake of the novel device which was valued by the case study participant and their therapist. Findings suggest the Andago's potential to enhance gait training but highlight the need to address usability challenges and staff burden to optimize integration and adoption in clinical practice. We believe this can be addressed by better integration of clinicallyoriented engineers in the delivery of rehabilitation services.","PeriodicalId":73276,"journal":{"name":"IEEE ... International Conference on Rehabilitation Robotics : [proceedings]","volume":"2025 ","pages":"1750-1754"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144612569","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

A Control Method for Transtibial Prostheses with Bilateral Leg Data. 具有双侧腿数据的经胫骨假体的控制方法。

IEEE ... International Conference on Rehabilitation Robotics : [proceedings] Pub Date : 2025-05-01 DOI: 10.1109/ICORR66766.2025.11063099

Aniket Mazumder, Edsko E G Hekman, Raffaella Carloni

{"title":"A Control Method for Transtibial Prostheses with Bilateral Leg Data.","authors":"Aniket Mazumder, Edsko E G Hekman, Raffaella Carloni","doi":"10.1109/ICORR66766.2025.11063099","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICORR66766.2025.11063099","url":null,"abstract":"Micro-controlled lower limb prosthetic devices typically employ onboard sensors on the amputated side of the user's body to generate control patterns. However, balanced ambulation in a healthy subject requires synchronized neural control to facilitate appropriate positioning and orientation of both limbs. Building upon this idea, this study introduces a control architecture that utilizes information acquired from both limbs using only two inertial measurement units (one placed on the left shank, and one placed on the right thigh) to generate the control commands for a transtibial prosthesis prototype clamped to a table-top. Multiple trials were performed with a healthy subject walking on level ground at different speeds and undertaking an obstacle avoidance task. The results of the experiments suggest that incorporating data from each side provides comprehensive information about the limb's positions and orientations, thereby enabling a controller that can handle actuation timing and assist in precise prosthesis control through an understanding of the user's gait states.","PeriodicalId":73276,"journal":{"name":"IEEE ... International Conference on Rehabilitation Robotics : [proceedings]","volume":"2025 ","pages":"364-369"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144612437","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

A Flexible Clinician-Friendly Interface for Upper Limb Rehabilitation with Industrial Robots. 工业机器人上肢康复的柔性临床友好界面。

IEEE ... International Conference on Rehabilitation Robotics : [proceedings] Pub Date : 2025-05-01 DOI: 10.1109/ICORR66766.2025.11063000

Chiara Alessi, Nikolas Sacchi, Antonella Ferrara

引用次数: 0

A Novel Approach to Trunk Rehabilitation: Designing an Upper Body Robotic Mobilizer for Neurological Disorders. 躯干康复的新方法：设计用于神经系统疾病的上肢机器人移动器。

IEEE ... International Conference on Rehabilitation Robotics : [proceedings] Pub Date : 2025-05-01 DOI: 10.1109/ICORR66766.2025.11063022

Giulia Bodo, Gianluca Capitta, Mattia Modenese, Luca De Guglielmo, Eleonora Guanziroli, Matteo Laffranchi

{"title":"A Novel Approach to Trunk Rehabilitation: Designing an Upper Body Robotic Mobilizer for Neurological Disorders.","authors":"Giulia Bodo, Gianluca Capitta, Mattia Modenese, Luca De Guglielmo, Eleonora Guanziroli, Matteo Laffranchi","doi":"10.1109/ICORR66766.2025.11063022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICORR66766.2025.11063022","url":null,"abstract":"After a neurological adverse event, restoring trunk functionality is essential for regaining balance, proprioception, and strength, all of which are critical for performing activities of daily living and enabling rehabilitation for impaired upper and lower limbs. Traditional therapy focuses on enhancing core strength, stability, and proprioceptive capabilities. Recent advancements in the field propose robotic solutions that utilize platforms to induce specific movements, stimulating muscular activation and prompting patients to respond to guided motions. These solutions often employ robotic seats that mimic traditional clinical tools, such as cushions or physiotherapy balls, to assist in mobilizing patients. In this work, we introduce a novel approach to trunk rehabilitation through a robotic system: a Series Elastic Actuator (SEA)-based trunk robotic mobilizer. This device is paired with a suite of control strategies designed to address various neurological conditions, including spinal cord injury, post-stroke impairments, and pusher syndrome.","PeriodicalId":73276,"journal":{"name":"IEEE ... International Conference on Rehabilitation Robotics : [proceedings]","volume":"2025 ","pages":"699-704"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144612444","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

A Passive Mechanical Add-On for Treadmill Exercise (P-MATE) in Stroke Rehabilitation. 一种用于跑步机运动的被动机械附加装置（P-MATE）用于中风康复。

IEEE ... International Conference on Rehabilitation Robotics : [proceedings] Pub Date : 2025-05-01 DOI: 10.1109/ICORR66766.2025.11063021

Irene L Y Beck, Belle C Hopmans, Bram Haanen, Levi Kieft, Heike Vallery, Laura Marchal-Crespo, Katherine L Poggensee

{"title":"A Passive Mechanical Add-On for Treadmill Exercise (P-MATE) in Stroke Rehabilitation.","authors":"Irene L Y Beck, Belle C Hopmans, Bram Haanen, Levi Kieft, Heike Vallery, Laura Marchal-Crespo, Katherine L Poggensee","doi":"10.1109/ICORR66766.2025.11063021","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICORR66766.2025.11063021","url":null,"abstract":"Robotic rehabilitation can deliver high-dose gait therapy and improve motor function after a stroke. However, for many devices, high costs and lengthy setup times limit clinical adoption. Thus, we designed, built, and evaluated the Passive Mechanical Add-on for Treadmill Exercise (P-MATE), a low-cost passive end-effector add-on for treadmills that couples the movement of the paretic and non-paretic legs via a reciprocating system of elastic cables and pulleys. Two human-device mechanical interfaces were designed to attach the elastic cables to the user. The P-MATE and two interface prototypes were tested with a physical therapist and eight unimpaired participants. Biomechanical data, including kinematics and interaction forces, were collected alongside standardized questionnaires to assess usability and user experience. Both interfaces were quick and easy to attach, though user experience differed, highlighting the need for personalization. We also identified areas for future improvement, including pretension adjustments, tendon derailing prevention, and understanding long-term impacts on user gait. Our preliminary findings underline the potential of the P-MATE to provide effective, accessible, and sustainable stroke gait rehabilitation.","PeriodicalId":73276,"journal":{"name":"IEEE ... International Conference on Rehabilitation Robotics : [proceedings]","volume":"2025 ","pages":"1191-1196"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144612449","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

A Simulation Platform Combining The Myokinetic Interface With The Ami Surgery For Prosthetic Control. 肌动力学接口与Ami手术相结合的假肢控制仿真平台。

IEEE ... International Conference on Rehabilitation Robotics : [proceedings] Pub Date : 2025-05-01 DOI: 10.1109/ICORR66766.2025.11063206

Marta Gherardini, Benedicta Akweley Barnor, Flavia Paggetti, Christian Cipriani

{"title":"A Simulation Platform Combining The Myokinetic Interface With The Ami Surgery For Prosthetic Control.","authors":"Marta Gherardini, Benedicta Akweley Barnor, Flavia Paggetti, Christian Cipriani","doi":"10.1109/ICORR66766.2025.11063206","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICORR66766.2025.11063206","url":null,"abstract":"Amputations of the upper and lower limbs can significantly impact psychological well-being and functional independence, limiting a person's ability to perform daily tasks. Artificial limbs aim to restore lost functionality by replicating the natural limb as closely as possible. To this aim, the ideal human-machine interface (HMI) should provide seamless connection with the natural sources of control and sensory feedback. Recent advances in surgical techniques and prosthetic technologies have enhanced residual limb functionality and enabled direct connections with peripheral neural pathways. This study introduces a simulation platform integrating the agonist-antagonist myoneural interface (AMI) with a myokinetic interface based on implantable magnets, to generate synthetic data on muscle deformation and magnet displacement as potential control signals for an assistive device. A transtibial amputation was simulated, replicating the natural agonist-antagonist mechanical connection between paired muscles. The model simulated muscle contractions and magnet implantation, which displacement was tracked using a localization algorithm. Results demonstrated a combined contraction and stretching of the agonist and antagonist muscles and the feasibility of accurately tracking implanted magnets via external sensors. These findings suggest that combining the AMI with magnet implantation could contribute to more intuitive prosthetic control in the future. In this view, this simulation platform provides a valuable pre-operative planning tool to optimize magnet placement and enhance HMI performance for individual patients.","PeriodicalId":73276,"journal":{"name":"IEEE ... International Conference on Rehabilitation Robotics : [proceedings]","volume":"2025 ","pages":"1-6"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144612467","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Ankle Power Biofeedback Augments Wearable Resistance for Improved Push-Off Power and Muscle Recruitment. 踝关节力量生物反馈增强可穿戴阻力，改善推离力量和肌肉招募。

IEEE ... International Conference on Rehabilitation Robotics : [proceedings] Pub Date : 2025-05-01 DOI: 10.1109/ICORR66766.2025.11062997

Emmanuella A Tagoe, Karl Harshe, Collin D Bowersock, Zachary F Lerner

{"title":"Ankle Power Biofeedback Augments Wearable Resistance for Improved Push-Off Power and Muscle Recruitment.","authors":"Emmanuella A Tagoe, Karl Harshe, Collin D Bowersock, Zachary F Lerner","doi":"10.1109/ICORR66766.2025.11062997","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICORR66766.2025.11062997","url":null,"abstract":"Ankle push-off power generated by the plantar flexor muscles is essential for efficient walking but is often impaired in individuals with cerebral palsy (CP), leading to inefficient walking. Both powered and passive (i.e., motor- and spring-based) wearable resistance devices are being developed for targeted training. This study explored the use of ankle power biofeedback across powered and passive wearable resistive devices to improve muscle recruitment and push-off power in individuals with CP. Seven individuals with CP completed walking sessions under the following conditions: (1) baseline (no device), (2) spring resistance with and without biofeedback, and (3) motor resistance with and without biofeedback. Push-off power and muscle recruitment were compared between biofeedback vs no-biofeedback conditions for both devices, and to baseline. Combined spring resistance and biofeedback increased soleus activity by 40 % compared to the spring resistance only ($p=0.004$) and by 48 % compared to baseline ($p =0.002$). Similarly, spring resistance and biofeedback increased peak ankle power by 32% relative to the spring resistance only ($mathbf{p}=0.009$) and by 33% compared to baseline ($mathbf{p}=0.010$). In contrast, motorized resistance and biofeedback did not significantly increase peak soleus activity or peak ankle power relative to motor resistance only ($mathrm{p}=0.544; mathrm{p}=0.544$). These findings show that ankle power biofeedback can augment spring resistance to elicit increased muscle recruitment and power during push-off in CP.","PeriodicalId":73276,"journal":{"name":"IEEE ... International Conference on Rehabilitation Robotics : [proceedings]","volume":"2025 ","pages":"1325-1331"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144612502","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Balance Assistance Without Mechanical Support Using a Virtual Cane with Haptic Feedback. 使用带有触觉反馈的虚拟手杖在没有机械支持的情况下帮助平衡。

IEEE ... International Conference on Rehabilitation Robotics : [proceedings] Pub Date : 2025-05-01 DOI: 10.1109/ICORR66766.2025.11063076

Sindhu Reddy Alluri, Sambad Regmi, Fazlur Rashid, Devin Burns, Yun Seong Song

{"title":"Balance Assistance Without Mechanical Support Using a Virtual Cane with Haptic Feedback.","authors":"Sindhu Reddy Alluri, Sambad Regmi, Fazlur Rashid, Devin Burns, Yun Seong Song","doi":"10.1109/ICORR66766.2025.11063076","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICORR66766.2025.11063076","url":null,"abstract":"Light Touch (LT) has been known to improve standing balance without mechanical support by providing sensory information about the movement of the body. Inspired by this, this work developed a Virtual Cane (VC) which gives no physical support but provides other sensory information that a physical cane would. The VC is developed with a distance sensor and vibration actuators to provide cane tip-to-ground distance information to the user. The extent to which this haptic feedback improves standing balance was assessed in a human experiment. 10 healthy young participants underwent a standing balance experiment with tandem stance and eyes closed, using VC with No Feedback (NF) as the baseline, VC with feedback, and with physical cane (PC). Center-of-Pressure (CoP) metrics as well as Sway-density metrics were analyzed to study the effect of these conditions on standing balance. It was found that the CoP metrics in VC were significantly improved compared to baseline (NF) and approaching the benefit of a full physical cane (PC). Sway-density metrics showed no difference between the conditions. This shows that simple, binary feedback from VC on the position of the body and cane was sufficient to positively affect standing balance without significantly altering the biomechanical strategy of standing balance. This is also a demonstration of an assistive device with a complete absence of mechanical support that can provide substantial benefit to balance.","PeriodicalId":73276,"journal":{"name":"IEEE ... International Conference on Rehabilitation Robotics : [proceedings]","volume":"2025 ","pages":"58-62"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144612514","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Delivering Gait Training to Children at Home with a Robotic Knee Exoskeleton: Initial Findings on Feasibility and Patient Satisfaction. 用机器人膝关节外骨骼在家中为儿童提供步态训练：可行性和患者满意度的初步研究结果。

IEEE ... International Conference on Rehabilitation Robotics : [proceedings] Pub Date : 2025-05-01 DOI: 10.1109/ICORR66766.2025.11063029

Taylor M Devine, Noah Rubin, Afua Asante-Otoo, Katharine Alter, Jeffrey Fairman, Diane L Damiano, Thomas C Bulea

{"title":"Delivering Gait Training to Children at Home with a Robotic Knee Exoskeleton: Initial Findings on Feasibility and Patient Satisfaction.","authors":"Taylor M Devine, Noah Rubin, Afua Asante-Otoo, Katharine Alter, Jeffrey Fairman, Diane L Damiano, Thomas C Bulea","doi":"10.1109/ICORR66766.2025.11063029","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICORR66766.2025.11063029","url":null,"abstract":"Robotic exoskeletons offer the potential to increase gait training dosage by providing therapy outside the clinic. Exoskeleton use in naturalistic settings has been reported but under researcher supervision and for the purposes of assisting mobility. Here, we examined the feasibility of delivering a resistance-based exoskeleton gait training paradigm in the community setting. Five children aged 6-15 years with crouch gait/knee extension deficiency completed 12-weeks of gait training (5 days/week) at home with the exoskeleton as part of an ongoing interventional trial. Weekly telehealth check-ins were completed. Feasibility was assessed using patient-reported adherence to the prescribed dosage, number of adverse events, and exoskeleton hardware and software robustness during the intervention period. User satisfaction was assessed using the QUEST 2.0. No serious adverse events were reported. Participants completed between 44-57 of the targeted 60 sessions of gait training. Exoskeleton hardware and software were reliable with the most common controller adjustments involving tuning of underfoot sensing thresholds to detect stance and swing. Participant satisfaction with the exoskeleton (mean: 3.65/5) and service (4.7/5) were high. Thus, our findings indicate that resistive gait training with an exoskeleton in the real-world is safe and tolerable in children with neuromotor disorders and should be further investigated to determine effectiveness for improving functional mobility.","PeriodicalId":73276,"journal":{"name":"IEEE ... International Conference on Rehabilitation Robotics : [proceedings]","volume":"2025 ","pages":"938-943"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144612532","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Demographic-Driven Electromyography Analysis: Advancing Personalized Biosignal Interpretation. 人口驱动的肌电图分析：推进个性化的生物信号解释。

IEEE ... International Conference on Rehabilitation Robotics : [proceedings] Pub Date : 2025-05-01 DOI: 10.1109/ICORR66766.2025.11062967

Maedeh Mohammadiazni, Yue Zhou, Ana Luisa Trejos

{"title":"Demographic-Driven Electromyography Analysis: Advancing Personalized Biosignal Interpretation.","authors":"Maedeh Mohammadiazni, Yue Zhou, Ana Luisa Trejos","doi":"10.1109/ICORR66766.2025.11062967","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICORR66766.2025.11062967","url":null,"abstract":"The integration of rehabilitation robotics and surface electromyography (sEMG) offers a powerful approach for monitoring and enhancing recovery in patients with neuromuscular disorders. However, variability in baseline sEMG readings across individuals can limit its effectiveness. Factors such as age, height, and weight influence these baselines, and there is a lack of personalized baselines that account for demographic differences. This study proposes a novel model to estimate individualized baselines for one important sEMG parameter, Root Mean Square (RMS). Demographics and physiological data were collected from 30 healthy participants, and sEMG signals were recorded using four electrodes on the forearm muscles during a pushing task at two wrist positions. A Decision Tree Regression model was developed for each combination of the two wrist postures and four electrode locations, resulting in eight combinations, with optimal features identified using the Recursive Feature Elimination method. The regression models achieved accuracies ranging from 88.81% to 95.6%. A global sensitivity analysis using the Sobol method evaluated the importance of each input feature. Results indicate that gathering more comprehensive sEMG data for the most influential factors could improve model generalizability. The findings of this study offer a promising approach for individualized sEMG baselines, with potential applications in rehabilitation robotics to enable personalized recovery strategies for neuromuscular disorders.","PeriodicalId":73276,"journal":{"name":"IEEE ... International Conference on Rehabilitation Robotics : [proceedings]","volume":"2025 ","pages":"944-951"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144612533","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0