Hong Kong journal of occupational therapy : HKJOT最新文献

{"title":"Use of parametric speaker for older people with dementia in a residential care setting: A preliminary study of two cases.","authors":"Yuko Nishiura,&nbsp;Minoru Hoshiyama,&nbsp;Yoko Konagaya","doi":"10.1177/1569186118759611","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/1569186118759611","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective/background: </strong>Older people with dementia often show behavioural and psychological symptoms of dementia such as agitation, aggression, and depression that affect their activities of daily living, and hence reduce the quality of life of their caregivers. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of a new technological intervention-a parametric speaker, creating a narrow personal acoustic environment, which may reduce the manifestation of behavioural and psychological symptoms of dementia symptoms.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A parametric speaker was placed on the ceiling of a large day room, and personally selected pieces of music were provided in a narrow space just under the speaker during the intervention. Two older residents with behavioural and psychological symptoms of dementia participated in the experiment.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Playing pieces of favorite music via the parametric speaker decreased their behavioural and psychological symptoms of dementia during the intervention. In addition, this intervention reduced the burden on caregivers. One of the advantages of using parametric speaker was being able to create a personal space in a common room.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>We considered that the parametric speaker might be useful to reduce behavioural and psychological symptoms of dementia and the burden on caregivers, providing individualized rehabilitation for the improved quality of life of residents.</p>","PeriodicalId":73249,"journal":{"name":"Hong Kong journal of occupational therapy : HKJOT","volume":"31 1","pages":"30-35"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/1569186118759611","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"36466380","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development of the Japanese version of the Westmead Home Safety Assessment for the elderly in Japan.","authors":"Aya Hasegawa,&nbsp;Tomoko Kamimura","doi":"10.1177/1569186118764065","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/1569186118764065","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Home safety assessment and intervention is a key component in the management of fall risk in elderly people. However, a standardised assessment for home safety has not yet been established in Japan. We developed a Japanese version of the Westmead Home Safety Assessment by partially modifying the original version according to house structures and lifestyles in Japan and examined its inter-rater reliability and content validity.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Japanese elderly in the community who had fear of falls were recruited to investigate the reliability of the Japanese version of the Westmead Home Safety Assessment. Two occupational therapists simultaneously visited a participant's home to perform the Japanese version of the Westmead Home Safety Assessment independently. Further, an expert panel of 18 occupational therapists evaluated the relevance of each item of the Japanese version of the Westmead Home Safety Assessment.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Fifty elderly people (aged 78.2 ± 7.1 years) participated in this reliability study. The most frequent hazards were identified as internal steps/stairs, seating, bathroom, bath, and external steps/stairs. Forty-nine items (69%) in the Japanese version of the Westmead Home Safety Assessment were rated to have fair to good (0.40 < κ < 0.75) or excellent (κ ≥ 0.75) reliability as well as excellent validity (item content validity ≥0.78). These items were concerned with basic activities of daily living and some simple instrumental activities of daily living. The scale content validity was 0.78 ± 0.16 but was not excellent (scale content validity index <0.90).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This study suggested that 49 items in the Japanese version of the Westmead Home Safety Assessment were appropriate for home safety assessment for Japanese elderly. Further research is necessary to improve the reliability and validity of the present version of the Japanese version of the Westmead Home Safety Assessment for this population.</p>","PeriodicalId":73249,"journal":{"name":"Hong Kong journal of occupational therapy : HKJOT","volume":"31 1","pages":"14-21"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/1569186118764065","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"36466378","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of object size and distance on reaching kinematics in patients with schizophrenia.","authors":"Shu-Mei Wang,&nbsp;Li-Chieh Kuo,&nbsp;Wen-Chen Ouyang,&nbsp;Hsiao-Man Hsu,&nbsp;Hui-Ing Ma","doi":"10.1177/1569186118759610","DOIUrl":"10.1177/1569186118759610","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background/objective: </strong>Patients with schizophrenia not only have psychiatric symptoms, but also have movement problems, which might also be associated with their reduced quality of life. Little is known about how to improve their movement performance for patients. Manipulating object size and distance is common in occupational therapy practice to evaluate and optimize reaching performance in patients with physical disabilities, but effects of the manipulation in patients with schizophrenia remain unclear. The purpose of this study was to examine whether object size and distance could change performance of reaching kinematics in patients with mild schizophrenia.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Twenty-nine patients with mild schizophrenia and 15 age- and gender-matched healthy controls were required to reach for, as quickly as possible, a small or large object that was placed at a near or far distance. We measured movement time, peak velocity, path length ratio, percentage of time to peak velocity, and movement units to infer movement speed, forcefulness, spatial efficiency (directness), control strategies, and smoothness.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Patients' reaching movements were slower (<i>p =</i> .017) and less direct (<i>p</i> = .007) than those of controls. A larger object induced faster (<i>p</i> = .016), more preprogrammed (<i>p</i> = .018), and more forceful (<i>p</i> = .010) movements in patients. A farther object induced slower, more feedback dependent, but more forceful and more direct movements (all <i>p</i> < .001).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The results of kinematic deficiencies suggest the need of movement training for patients with mild schizophrenia. Occupational therapists may grade or adapt reaching activities by changing object size and distance to enhance movement performance in patients with schizophrenia.</p>","PeriodicalId":73249,"journal":{"name":"Hong Kong journal of occupational therapy : HKJOT","volume":"31 1","pages":"22-29"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/1569186118759610","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"36466379","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Influence of functional mobility and manual function on play in preschool children with cerebral palsy.","authors":"Anaisa C Angelin,&nbsp;Amanda Mp Sposito,&nbsp;Luzia I Pfeifer","doi":"10.1177/1569186118783889","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/1569186118783889","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>This study analysed the differences in play performance between preschool children with cerebral palsy and those with typical development and investigated the factors influencing functional mobility and manual dexterity on play in children with cerebral palsy.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>Sixty preschool children (30 with cerebral palsy; 30 with typical development), were assessed by the revised Knox Preschool Play Scale, being that children with cerebral palsy were also classified according to their functional mobility and manual dexterity.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>On average, all measures were significantly smaller in the cerebral palsy group than the typical development group (p≤ .002). Manual function and functional mobility were negatively correlated with material (<i>r</i> = -.456, p = .011; <i>r</i> = -.487, p = .006) and space (<i>r</i> = -.494, p = .006; <i>r</i> = -.784, p = .000). Also the results pointed out a significant correlation with topography and manual function (<i>r</i> = .404, p = .027) and functional mobility (<i>r</i> = .718, p = .000). Pretend play and participation showed no correlation with topography (r = -.051, p = .788; r = -.312, p = .093), manual function (r = -.019, p = .921; r = -.322, p = .083) and functional mobility (r = -.085, p = .657; r = -.308, p = .097).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Play performance of children with typical development was superior to those with cerebral palsy. The degree of impairment of functional mobility and manual function negatively was negatively associated with play exploration but did not relate to pretend play or social interaction in play.</p>","PeriodicalId":73249,"journal":{"name":"Hong Kong journal of occupational therapy : HKJOT","volume":"31 1","pages":"46-53"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/1569186118783889","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"36466382","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Engaging persons with disabilities as community teachers for experiential learning in occupational therapy education.","authors":"Sok Mui Lim,&nbsp;Bhing Leet Tan,&nbsp;Hua Beng Lim,&nbsp;Zi An Galvyn Goh","doi":"10.1177/1569186118783877","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/1569186118783877","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Cultivating empathy towards persons with disabilities has been highlighted as an essential graduate attribute in the occupational therapy profession.</p><p><strong>Purpose: </strong>With the aim to developing a more holistic understanding of disability, this project seeks to translate an experiential learning activity developed in Canada to the local Singaporean context. Small groups of two to three students were paired with a person with physical disability, known as a <i>community teacher</i>, for a series of visits to observe and participate in their self-care, productivity and leisure activities.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>A sequential explanatory mixed methods design was adopted with the administration of an adapted version of the Multidimensional Attitudes Scale Towards Persons with Disabilities on 51 first year occupational therapy students. Seventeen students participated in three focus group discussions at the end of the learning activity.<b>Findings:</b> Comparison of pre- and post-scores using Wilcoxon signed-rank tests of all three subscales of the Multidimensional Attitudes Scale Towards Persons with Disabilities yielded significant improvements. The average score for Affect improved from 42.94 to 32.08, z = -5.43, P <  .001; for Cognition improved from 26.12 to 21.41, z = -4.20, P <  .001; for Behaviour improved from 23.78 to 20.65, z= -4.44, P <  .001. Effect sizes ranged from medium to large. Thematic analysis of focus groups led to the identification of four themes that explained these improvements.<b>Implications:</b> Experiential learning can be effective in cultivating empathy and improving attitudes of occupational therapy students towards persons with disabilities. There is potential to expand this pedagogical approach to other health sciences disciplines.</p>","PeriodicalId":73249,"journal":{"name":"Hong Kong journal of occupational therapy : HKJOT","volume":"31 1","pages":"36-45"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/1569186118783877","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"36466381","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Orthotic management of fixed flexion deformity of the proximal interphalangeal joint following traumatic injury: A systematic review.","authors":"Nicole Young,&nbsp;Nichola Terrington,&nbsp;Diana Francis,&nbsp;Luke S Robinson","doi":"10.1177/1569186118764067","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/1569186118764067","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background/objective: </strong>Fixed flexion deformity of the proximal interphalangeal joint can commonly occur following a traumatic injury impacting on hand function and occupational performance. Numerous interventions have been proposed for fixed flexion deformity resolution. This paper investigates the efficacy of static or dynamic orthoses in reducing fixed flexion deformity contracture following traumatic proximal interphalangeal joint injury.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A multi-database search of three databases (CINAHL, EMBASE, MEDLINE) was conducted. Data extracted for each study were design, patient descriptions, degree of fixed flexion deformity pre- and post-orthoses, and prescribed interventions and exercise programmes.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The search yielded 643 studies, of which eight met the inclusion criteria. Studies used heterogeneous methodologies investigating various orthotic interventions. Meta-analysis or pooling of results was not possible. Dissimilar orthotic wear regimes were noted in all studies and an alternative clinical significance outcome was found.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>More research is required to support clinical reasoning in orthotic choice for fixed flexion deformity of the proximal interphalangeal joint post-traumatic injury.</p>","PeriodicalId":73249,"journal":{"name":"Hong Kong journal of occupational therapy : HKJOT","volume":"31 1","pages":"3-13"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/1569186118764067","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"36466377","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}