Hong Kong journal of occupational therapy : HKJOT最新文献

{"title":"Home Assessment Instruments in Occupational Therapy: A Scoping Review.","authors":"María Juan Guillén, Paula Fernández-Pires, María-Cristina Espinosa-Sempere, Verónica Company-Devesa, Alicia Sánchez-Pérez, Daniel Prieto-Botella, José-Ángel Pastor-Zaplana, Gema Moreno-Morente, Paula Peral-Gómez","doi":"10.1177/15691861261498605","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/15691861261498605","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background/objective: </strong>The home environment should foster the independence, participation, and safety of its inhabitants. However, the presence of environmental barriers, especially for individuals with disabilities, can negatively impact their functioning, reducing well-being and quality of life at home. Occupational therapy plays a crucial role in this context, offering holistic evaluation processes and strategies for effective home modifications to improve occupational performance. To our knowledge, no comprehensive mapping of these tools exists. Therefore, this study conducts a scoping review to map and critically describe the home assessment instruments currently used within the field of occupational therapy.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A scoping review following a systematized approach was conducted in accordance with the PRISMA-ScR recommendations for scoping reviews, involving an online bibliographic search complemented by the consultation of grey literature. A two-phase screening process was performed to systematically identify the instruments referenced.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Ninety-three articles were included, identifying twenty-nine home assessment tools applied in occupational therapy. These instruments presented notable differences in their format, target population, aspects assessed, and the degree of user participation during the evaluation process, among other characteristics.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This scoping review mapped 29 home assessment tools, revealing a strong focus on environmental factors but a critical gap in assessing personal factors, occupations, and social roles. While most instruments demonstrate acceptable reliability and validity, there is an urgent need for more robust psychometric studies, tools validated as clinical outcome measures, and the cultural adaptation of holistic, person-centered assessments to effectively guide home modifications.</p><p><strong>Project registration osf: </strong>https://osf.io/8bmu9.</p>","PeriodicalId":73249,"journal":{"name":"Hong Kong journal of occupational therapy : HKJOT","volume":" ","pages":"15691861261498605"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2026-10-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13696576/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149278061","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Psychometric Characteristics and Cultural Interpretation of LOTCA Visual Subtests Among Adults in Taiwan.","authors":"Chia-Hui Hung, Ling-Jie Hung, Wan-Yi Hung, Shih-Chen Fan, Hsiao-Ping Chiu","doi":"10.1177/15691861261476181","DOIUrl":"10.1177/15691861261476181","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>Performance-based cognitive assessments may function differently across sociocultural contexts because language, experience, and culturally acquired representational systems influence task performance. This study examined the psychometric characteristics and culturally informed interpretation of selected Loewenstein Occupational Therapy Cognitive Assessment (LOTCA) visual subtests among adults in Taiwan.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A cross-sectional design was used. A total of 101 community-dwelling Taiwanese adults with intact global cognition completed selected LOTCA visual subtests. Internal consistency, content validity, exploratory factor analysis, ordinal logistic regression, and qualitative content analysis of video-recorded assessment sessions were conducted.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Internal consistency was low at the domain level. Exploratory factor analysis identified a two-factor solution that did not reproduce the original visual perception and visuomotor construction structure. Factor 1 comprised Shape Identification (SI), Object Identification (OI), Reproduction of a Two-Dimensional Model (TM), and Puzzle Reproduction (RP), whereas Factor 2 was represented primarily by Drawing a Clock (DC). Age was associated with SI and TM, and gender was associated with TM after Bonferroni correction. Demographic influences were concentrated in SI and TM (Nagelkerke <i>R</i> ^<i>2</i> = .630 and .582, respectively). Qualitative findings identified linguistically mediated categorization, experiential familiarity, stimulus-based misidentification, and strategy-based task regulation as influences on score interpretation.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>LOTCA visual subtest performance reflected interactions among perceptual demands, language, education, experience, and culturally acquired representational systems. Score variation should not be interpreted solely as evidence of cognitive limitation. Culturally informed interpretation and response-process levels may inform more accurate interpretation for visual perception performance in occupational therapy cognitive assessments.</p>","PeriodicalId":73249,"journal":{"name":"Hong Kong journal of occupational therapy : HKJOT","volume":" ","pages":"15691861261476181"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13534357/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148882856","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Quantifying Electric-Powered Wheelchair (EPW) Driving Performance Using Jerk Metrics: A Pilot Study.","authors":"Serena S W Ng, Chung Hang Tang, Stephen C H Tse, Alfred C H Yip, Winnie W T Lam","doi":"10.1177/15691861261469894","DOIUrl":"10.1177/15691861261469894","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Current assessments of electric-powered wheelchair (EPW) driving, such as the Wheelchair Skills Test (WST), rely on observational scoring and lack validation in outdoor environments. Occupational Therapists require standardized, quantitative measures to evaluate driving performance and monitor training progress.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>This pilot study examined: (1) the influence of cognitive, physical, and sensory components on EPW driving, (2) the validity of sensor-derived jerk metrics relative to WST scores, and (3) the feasibility of these metrics as outcome measures in an EPW training program.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Seven adults with mobility impairments (six novice wheelchair drivers; mean age 59.4 years) completed baseline assessments. Sensors mounted on the EPW and joystick captured jerk during seven WST tasks with Apps displayed. Three metrics-median jerk, time above threshold, and the Jerk Index-were computed and correlated with WST scores. Pre/post comparisons were conducted following four training sessions.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Sensor-derived metrics demonstrated strong inverse correlations with WST scores (ρ = -0.750 to -0.857, <i>p</i> < 0.05), indicating that lower jerk values reflected higher skill. The Jerk Index correlated significantly with WST scores in outdoor tasks (ρ = -0.786, <i>p</i> < 0.05). After training (<i>N</i> = 4), WST scores improved by 21.3% and the Jerk Index decreased by 20.6%, though changes did not reach statistical significance.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Jerk-based metrics, particularly the Jerk Index, show promise as objective measures of EPW driving performance. They demonstrated concurrent validity with WST scores and applicability in outdoor contexts. Larger studies are warranted to confirm reliability, establish clinical thresholds, and support integration into rehabilitation practice.</p>","PeriodicalId":73249,"journal":{"name":"Hong Kong journal of occupational therapy : HKJOT","volume":" ","pages":"15691861261469894"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2026-08-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13530034/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148876519","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Psychometric Properties of the Occupation-Based Practice Assessment.","authors":"Wendy B Stav, Rebecca Baudhuin","doi":"10.1177/15691861261469898","DOIUrl":"10.1177/15691861261469898","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background/ objective: </strong>Occupation generates better health outcomes, yet practitioners are unaware of their use its use in practice. The profession needs a psychometrically strong measure of occupation in practice. This study aimed to measure the interrater reliability of the Occupation-Based Practice Assessment (OBPA) and reliability between observer and self-administration.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The study took place in a 356-bed acute care teaching hospital in an urban midwestern U.S. city. Data collection captured all therapeutic interactions during full days of practice. This methodological design was used to establish the psychometric properties of the OBPA. Study participants included two volunteer full-time occupational therapists employed at least 6 months. Any therapists delivering group therapy or supervising students were not eligible to participate.The OBPA measures the use of occupation in practice and is grounded in the Dynamic Model of Occupation-Based Practice. The tool includes several scales to measure different aspects of practice. Preliminary research revealed excellent interrater reliability so researchers hypothesized favorable interrater reliability outcomes in this in-vivo study.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Fifty-four assessment interactions were measured yielding strong interrater reliability between observers at ICC = .843; <i>p</i> < .001. Self - observer reliability was good to excellent at ICC = .856, <i>p</i> < .001 for immediate self-assessment and ICC = .937; <i>p</i> < .001 for delayed self-assessment.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The OBPA is psychometrically strong for use in self-assessment, professional development, program evaluation, academia, and scientific inquiry, all in support of promoting increased use of occupation in practice.</p>","PeriodicalId":73249,"journal":{"name":"Hong Kong journal of occupational therapy : HKJOT","volume":" ","pages":"15691861261469898"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2026-08-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13530048/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148876438","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investigation of Minimal Clinically Important Difference of the Extended Barthel Index in Inpatients With Acute to Subacute Stroke in China.","authors":"Yue Sun, Ying Sun, Jiajia Shi","doi":"10.1177/15691861261457463","DOIUrl":"10.1177/15691861261457463","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aim: </strong>To determine the minimal clinically important difference (MCID) of the Extended Barthel Index (EBI) in patients with stroke.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In total, 209 patients with stroke were enrolled from a rehabilitation hospital. The EBI was administered at baseline, day 1, and week 4 after enrolment. At week 4, occupational therapists, patients, and expense payers independently rated the perceived ability change in activities of daily living. The MCID was estimated using distribution-, receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve-, anchor-, and regression-based methods.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Distribution-based estimates produced small to moderate effect sizes. ROC curve analysis yielded optimal cutoffs around 2.5-3.5 points depending on the roles; sensitivity was high, whereas specificity was low. Anchor-based and regression methods produced separate thresholds for deterioration and improvement across stakeholders. Based on the anchor-based method, the recommended MCID for deterioration ranged from -2.0 to 0 points and for improvement from 4.0 to 6.0 points, varying by rater perspective.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Anchor-based MCID values are recommended for clinical use to distinguish improvement from deterioration, directly reflecting the perspectives from patients, therapists, and payers. The established thresholds can guide therapists' goal setting, progress monitoring, and rehabilitation policy decisions.</p>","PeriodicalId":73249,"journal":{"name":"Hong Kong journal of occupational therapy : HKJOT","volume":" ","pages":"15691861261457463"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2026-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13530038/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148876286","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Improving Research Engagement in Occupational Therapy: Results of an International Consultation.","authors":"Claudia von Zweck, Ritchard Ledgerd, World Federation Of Occupational Therapists","doi":"10.1177/15691861261441711","DOIUrl":"10.1177/15691861261441711","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>The aims of the World Federation of Occupational Therapists (WFOT) include the promotion of research for advancing public protection and access to quality evidence-informed occupational therapy. As a Federation of occupational therapy organisations, WFOT was requested by national member associations to conduct a global consultation to assist them in engaging occupational therapists in research in their country by identifying priority issues and sharing research participation strategies.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>A two-phase mixed methods study involving an online needs analysis survey of representatives of each national member organisation of WFOT; followed by a consultation with WFOT member organisation representatives attending a WFOT Council meeting to identify strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats (SWOT) for research engagement.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Strengths for research engagement were identified as the broad scope of practice of occupational therapy; growing research capacity; and increasing access to evidence. Weaknesses included the availability of time and resources; and access to external supports. SWOT participants identified opportunities for developing a robust research culture within the profession, as well as strategies to continue to promote access to research evidence. Threats to occupational therapist research engagement centred upon low expectations among some occupational therapy stakeholders regarding the use and generation of research.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Findings suggest a culture change is needed to better involve occupational therapists in research. Building research capacity is dependent not only upon nurturing individual research skills and motivation, but also on advocating for organisations involved with the profession to foster, produce and use research. Recommendations for key occupational therapy stakeholders were identified from the findings to create not only the required research competence and confidence, but also the environments and supports that are conducive to such involvement.</p>","PeriodicalId":73249,"journal":{"name":"Hong Kong journal of occupational therapy : HKJOT","volume":"39 1","pages":"24-33"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2026-04-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13530029/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148876506","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Relationship Between Mental Disorders and Heart Diseases Among General Workers: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.","authors":"Mingxing Wang, Yun Wu, Xiaoyu Zhu","doi":"10.1177/15691861261424447","DOIUrl":"10.1177/15691861261424447","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background/objectives: </strong>One possible effect of mental disorders among general workers is their impact on cardiovascular health. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between mental disorders-specifically depression, anxiety, depression-anxiety, and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD)-and heart disease in workers.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This systematic review and meta-analysis followed PRISMA guidelines. A comprehensive search was conducted across five electronic bibliographic databases. Two independent researchers screened and selected studies by examining titles and abstracts. Data was independently extracted by two reviewers from the chosen studies. Moreover, a meta-analysis was performed focusing on the odds ratio values.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Thirty-four studies were included in the analysis. Of these, 29 focused on myocardial infarction, 2 on heart failure, and 2 on ischemic heart disease. Among the reviewed studies, 30 out of 34 demonstrated a significant association between depression, anxiety, and post-traumatic stress disorder with heart diseases. Based on the results of meta-analysis, pooled values of odds ratio related to association between depression, anxiety, and PTSD with heart disease were 1.53 (95% CI: 1.26-1.80), 1.87 (95% CI: 0.13-3.61), and 1.70 (95% CI: 1.34-2.05), respectively.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The findings suggest that depression, anxiety, depression-anxiety, and PTSD may contribute to the development of heart disease in workers. However, the high heterogeneity warrants cautious interpretation. Consequently, it is imperative that preventive measures, such as workplace mental health programs, stress management interventions, occupational therapy programs, and policies targeting occupational risk factors, are implemented.</p>","PeriodicalId":73249,"journal":{"name":"Hong Kong journal of occupational therapy : HKJOT","volume":" ","pages":"50-69"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2026-02-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12923373/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147273028","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effectiveness of Mindfulness-Based Interventions in Occupational Therapy: A Systematic Review.","authors":"Lujia Wang, Xiaoxiao Wang, Hang Su, Lihong Ma","doi":"10.1177/15691861251410888","DOIUrl":"10.1177/15691861251410888","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Mindfulness-based interventions (MBIs) applied in the field of occupational therapy (OT) have shown promising results, particularly in enhancing emotional well-being, stress regulation, and pain management. However, to the best of our knowledge, a systematic review of the existing research on MBIs in the context of OT is lacking. This review aims to: (1) outline the types and components of MBIs applied in OT; and (2) summarize the current empirical evidence on their effectiveness in OT practice, focusing on health-related and OT-related outcomes.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Seven databases were searched with key terms related to mindfulness and OT, including PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, Cochrane Library, CINAHL, PsychInfo and Medline. The review included randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and quasi-experimental studies published in English covered the period from the inception of the databases to October 2024. Exclusion criteria included articles that were not peer-reviewed, lacked outcome data, or were not applied in OT. The Joanna Briggs Institute methodology was employed for the systematic review, which included critical appraisal and narrative synthesis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 10 studies were included in this review. The critical appraisal scores ranged from 50 to 91.67 (mean = 74.31), with RCTs scoring between 50 and 91.67 (mean = 73.33), and quasi-experimental studies between 62.5 to 88.89 (mean = 75.28). The interventions categorized were creative and art-based mindfulness activities (n = 2), structured MBIs (<i>n</i> = 3), and multi-modal MBIs (<i>n</i> = 5). MBIs demonstrated significant effectiveness in improving mental health, particularly overall mental health levels, and may offer potential benefits in promoting activity and participation. However, no significant additional benefits were observed for physical health, cognitive function, or health-related quality of life.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>MBIs are evidence-based interventions that can effectively improve mental health, particularly in overall health levels, and may promote activity and participation. Occupational therapists can incorporate approaches, such as creative and art-based mindfulness activities, structured MBIs, and multi-modal MBIs, in their daily practice. Further exploration and integration of these interventions into OT education and practice should be encouraged.</p>","PeriodicalId":73249,"journal":{"name":"Hong Kong journal of occupational therapy : HKJOT","volume":" ","pages":"34-49"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-12-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12747879/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145879611","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Revising the Kessler Foundation Neglect Assessment Process Manual: A Guidebook to Assessing Spatial Neglect.","authors":"Kimberly Hreha, Peii Chen","doi":"10.1177/15691861251397555","DOIUrl":"10.1177/15691861251397555","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Spatial neglect, a disorder of lateralized spatial attention, is often considered to be a hidden condition because symptoms do not appear unless comprehensive assessment is completed. The Kessler Foundation Neglect Assessment Process (KF-NAP®) is a standardized method using the Catherine Bergego Scale (CBS) to detect and measure spatial neglect during daily activities. It is a frequently used tool because it assesses spatial neglect during functional activities, meaning it is comprehensive and applied. Since it was introduced in 2012, the KF-NAP has been adopted in numerous inpatient and outpatient settings and gone through several revisions. The latest and most used version is the 2015 edition.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Users have been providing the developers of the assessment informal feedback and suggestions during training sessions, lectures, and professional conferences. In addition, as part of a multisite implementation project, the developers asked KF-NAP users to provide their comments about the tool.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Using this qualitative information, the developers made changes to the KF-NAP Manual by adding detail to the observation and scoring procedures, a \"questions to consider\" section to each item-specific instruction, and highlighted instructions based on practice setting. For example, clarification about how to assess the personal belongings category in an outpatient setting is provided, which includes more details on what items to ask and directions about setup.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This article aims to inform health professionals working with the neurological population about the KF-NAP 2023 Manual. The goal is to help users improve their experience and consequently improve practice.</p>","PeriodicalId":73249,"journal":{"name":"Hong Kong journal of occupational therapy : HKJOT","volume":" ","pages":"70-74"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-11-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12643898/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145643803","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluating Strategy Use, Online Awareness and Memory Performance Using the Contextual Memory Test Version 2 (CMT-2) in Healthy Adults.","authors":"Kai Ling Koh, Bhing Leet Tan, Rachel Rui En Pek, Khiella Mae Felipe Wong, Xin Lin Wong, Joan Toglia","doi":"10.1177/15691861251384995","DOIUrl":"10.1177/15691861251384995","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>The Contextual Memory Test-2 (CMT-2) is an updated version of the CMT, which is a standardized occupational therapy assessment to evaluate an individual's memory, awareness and strategy use to guide occupational therapy interventions. This study aimed to examine, amongst younger adults (<40 years old) and middle-to-older adults (>40 years old) in Singapore, (1) the relationship between strategy use and memory performance (2) the relationship between online awareness and memory performance, and (3) explore the relationship of memory performance and online awareness with age. The secondary objective was establishing preliminary normative data on CMT-2 for the Singapore adult population.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>One hundred and thirty-two healthy participants aged 18-71 were recruited via convenience sampling and underwent virtual or face-to-face assessment. CMT-2 was administered to assess their immediate recall (IR), delayed recall (DR), total recall (TR), strategy use, and online awareness of performance through prediction and estimation discrepancies.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Higher recall scores were found for efficient strategies as compared to inefficient (IR: <i>p</i> = .012; DR: <i>p</i> = .003; TR: <i>p</i> = .003). For different strategy types, 'context' yielded higher recall scores than 'limited association' (IR: <i>p</i> < .001, DR: <i>p</i> = .016). During IR, 'association' also obtained a higher recall score than 'limited association' (<i>p</i> = .007). Significant strong negative correlation of IR prediction discrepancy with recall score was found (r_s (130) = -.611, <i>p</i> < .001).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The preliminary normative data of CMT-2 among healthy adults in Singapore highlighted the role of effective memory strategies and online awareness in memory recall performance, suggesting the prioritization of these areas during interventions.</p>","PeriodicalId":73249,"journal":{"name":"Hong Kong journal of occupational therapy : HKJOT","volume":" ","pages":"13-23"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12511005/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145282015","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}