Health data science最新文献

{"title":"Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme (ACE) Inhibitors May Moderate COVID-19 Hyperinflammatory Response: An Observational Study with Deep Immunophenotyping.","authors":"Venkata R Duvvuri,&nbsp;Andrew Baumgartner,&nbsp;Sevda Molani,&nbsp;Patricia V Hernandez,&nbsp;Dan Yuan,&nbsp;Ryan T Roper,&nbsp;Wanessa F Matos,&nbsp;Max Robinson,&nbsp;Yapeng Su,&nbsp;Naeha Subramanian,&nbsp;Jason D Goldman,&nbsp;James R Heath,&nbsp;Jennifer J Hadlock","doi":"10.34133/hds.0002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34133/hds.0002","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEi) and angiotensin-II receptor blockers (ARB), the most commonly prescribed antihypertensive medications, counter renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) activation via induction of angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) expression. Considering that ACE2 is the functional receptor for SARS-CoV-2 entry into host cells, the association of ACEi and ARB with COVID-19 outcomes needs thorough evaluation.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We conducted retrospective analyses using both unmatched and propensity score (PS)-matched cohorts on electronic health records (EHRs) to assess the impact of RAAS inhibitors on the risk of receiving invasive mechanical ventilation (IMV) and 30-day mortality among hospitalized COVID-19 patients. Additionally, we investigated the immune cell gene expression profiles of hospitalized COVID-19 patients with prior use of antihypertensive treatments from an observational prospective cohort.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The retrospective analysis revealed that there was no increased risk associated with either ACEi or ARB use. In fact, the use of ACEi showed decreased risk for mortality. Survival analyses using PS-matched cohorts suggested no significant relationship between RAAS inhibitors with a hospital stay and in-hospital mortality compared to non-RAAS medications and patients not on antihypertensive medications. From the analysis of gene expression profiles, we observed a noticeable up-regulation in the expression of 1L1R2 (an anti-inflammatory receptor) and RETN (an immunosuppressive marker) genes in monocytes among prior users of ACE inhibitors.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Overall, the findings do not support the discontinuation of ACEi or ARB treatment and suggest that ACEi may moderate the COVID-19 hyperinflammatory response.</p>","PeriodicalId":73207,"journal":{"name":"Health data science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9934012/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9697205","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Self-Correcting Recurrent Neural Network for Acute Kidney Injury Prediction in Critical Care.","authors":"Hao Du, Ziyuan Pan, Kee Yuan Ngiam, Fei Wang, Ping Shum, Mengling Feng","doi":"10.34133/2021/9808426","DOIUrl":"10.34133/2021/9808426","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>Background</i>. In critical care, intensivists are required to continuously monitor high-dimensional vital signs and lab measurements to detect and diagnose acute patient conditions, which has always been a challenging task. Recently, deep learning models such as recurrent neural networks (RNNs) have demonstrated their strong potential on predicting such events. However, in real deployment, the patient data are continuously coming and there is no effective adaptation mechanism for RNN to incorporate those new data and become more accurate.<i>Methods</i>. In this study, we propose a novel self-correcting mechanism for RNN to fill in this gap. Our mechanism feeds prediction errors from the predictions of previous timestamps into the prediction of the current timestamp, so that the model can \"learn\" from previous predictions. We also proposed a regularization method that takes into account not only the model's prediction errors on the labels but also its estimation errors on the input data.<i>Results</i>. We compared the performance of our proposed method with the conventional deep learning models on two real-world clinical datasets for the task of acute kidney injury (AKI) prediction and demonstrated that the proposed model achieved an area under ROC curve at 0.893 on the MIMIC-III dataset and 0.871 on the Philips eICU dataset.<i>Conclusions</i>. The proposed self-correcting RNNs demonstrated effectiveness in AKI prediction and have the potential to be applied to clinical applications.</p>","PeriodicalId":73207,"journal":{"name":"Health data science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10904062/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43278640","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Interaction of Diet/Lifestyle Intervention and TCF7L2 Genotype on Glycemic Control and Adiposity among Overweight or Obese Adults: Big Data from Seven Randomized Controlled Trials Worldwide.","authors":"Tao Huang, Zhenhuang Zhuang, Yoriko Heianza, Dianjianyi Sun, Wenjie Ma, Wenxiu Wang, Meng Gao, Zhe Fang, Emilio Ros, Liana C Del Gobbo, Jordi Salas-Salvadó, Miguel A Martínez-González, Jan Polak, Markku Laakso, Arne Astrup, Dominique Langin, Jorg Hager, Gabby Hul, Torben Hansen, Oluf Pedersen, Jean-Michel Oppert, Wim H M Saris, Peter Arner, Montserrat Cofán, Sujatha Rajaram, Jaakko Tuomilehto, Jaana Lindström, Vanessa D de Mello, Alena Stancacova, Matti Uusitupa, Mathilde Svendstrup, Thorkild I A Sørensen, Christopher D Gardner, Joan Sabaté, Dolores Corella, J Alfredo Martinez, Lu Qi","doi":"10.34133/2021/9897048","DOIUrl":"10.34133/2021/9897048","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>Objective</i>. The strongest locus which associated with type 2 diabetes (T2D) by the common variant rs7903146 is the transcription factor 7-like 2 gene (<i>TCF7L2</i>). We aimed to quantify the interaction of diet/lifestyle interventions and the genetic effect of <i>TCF7L2</i> rs7903146 on glycemic traits, body weight, or waist circumference in overweight or obese adults in several randomized controlled trials (RCTs).<i>Methods</i>. From October 2016 to May 2018, a large collaborative analysis was performed by pooling individual-participant data from 7 RCTs. These RCTs reported changes in glycemic control and adiposity of the variant rs7903146 after dietary/lifestyle-related interventions in overweight or obese adults. Gene treatment interaction models which used the genetic effect encoded by the allele dose and common covariates were applicable to individual participant data in all studies.<i>Results</i>. In the joint analysis, a total of 7 eligible RCTs were included (<math><mi>n</mi><mo>=</mo><mn>4,114</mn></math>). Importantly, we observed a significant effect modification of diet/lifestyle-related interventions on the <i>TCF7L2</i> variant rs7903146 and changes in fasting glucose. Compared with the control group, diet/lifestyle interventions were related to lower fasting glucose by -3.06 (95% CI, -5.77 to -0.36) mg/dL (test for heterogeneity and overall effect: <math><msup><mrow><mi>I</mi></mrow><mrow><mn>2</mn></mrow></msup><mo>=</mo><mn>45.1</mn><mi>%</mi></math>, <math><mi>p</mi><mo><</mo><mn>0.05</mn></math>; <math><mi>z</mi><mo>=</mo><mn>2.20</mn></math>, <math><mi>p</mi><mo>=</mo><mn>0.028</mn></math>) per one copy of the <i>TCF7L2</i> T risk allele. Furthermore, regardless of genetic risk, diet/lifestyle interventions were associated with lower waist circumference. However, there was no significant change for diet/lifestyle interventions in other glycemic control and adiposity traits per one copy of <i>TCF7L2</i> risk allele.<i>Conclusions</i>. Our findings suggest that carrying the <i>TCF7L2</i> T risk allele may have a modestly greater benefit for specific diet/lifestyle interventions to improve the control of fasting glucose in overweight or obese adults.</p>","PeriodicalId":73207,"journal":{"name":"Health data science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10904069/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45494578","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Implications of Delayed Reopening in Controlling the COVID-19 Surge in Southern and West-Central USA.","authors":"Raj Dandekar,&nbsp;Emma Wang,&nbsp;George Barbastathis,&nbsp;Chris Rackauckas","doi":"10.34133/2021/9798302","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34133/2021/9798302","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In the wake of the rapid surge in the COVID-19-infected cases seen in Southern and West-Central USA in the period of June-July 2020, there is an urgent need to develop robust, data-driven models to quantify the effect which early reopening had on the infected case count increase. In particular, it is imperative to address the question: How many infected cases could have been prevented, had the worst affected states not reopened early? To address this question, we have developed a novel COVID-19 model by augmenting the classical SIR epidemiological model with a neural network module. The model decomposes the contribution of quarantine strength to the infection time series, allowing us to quantify the role of quarantine control and the associated reopening policies in the US states which showed a major surge in infections. We show that the upsurge in the infected cases seen in these states is strongly corelated with a drop in the quarantine/lockdown strength diagnosed by our model. Further, our results demonstrate that in the event of a stricter lockdown without early reopening, the number of active infected cases recorded on 14 July could have been reduced by more than 40% in all states considered, with the actual number of infections reduced being more than 100,000 for the states of Florida and Texas. As we continue our fight against COVID-19, our proposed model can be used as a valuable asset to simulate the effect of several reopening strategies on the infected count evolution, for any region under consideration.</p>","PeriodicalId":73207,"journal":{"name":"Health data science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9629682/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40477811","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Providing Timely, Trustworthy Guidance to Frontline Clinicians during a Pandemic.","authors":"Yngve Falck-Ytter, Rebecca L Morgan","doi":"10.34133/2021/9854894","DOIUrl":"10.34133/2021/9854894","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":73207,"journal":{"name":"Health data science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9629679/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40502456","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Space-Time-Stratified Case-Crossover Design in Environmental Epidemiology Study.","authors":"Yao Wu, Shanshan Li, Yuming Guo","doi":"10.34133/2021/9870798","DOIUrl":"10.34133/2021/9870798","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":73207,"journal":{"name":"Health data science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10880144/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49597444","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The COVID-19 Pandemic and Mental Health Concerns on Twitter in the United States","authors":"Senqi Zhang, Li Sun, Daiwei Zhang, Pin Li, Yue Liu, A. Anand, Zidian Xie, Dongmei Li","doi":"10.1101/2021.08.23.21262489","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1101/2021.08.23.21262489","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Mental health illness is a growing problem in recent years. During the COVID-19 pandemic, mental health concerns (such as fear and loneliness) have been actively discussed on social media. Objective: In this study, we aim to examine mental health discussions on Twitter during the COVID-19 pandemic in the United States and infer the demographic composition of Twitter users who had mental health concerns. Methods: COVID-19 related tweets from March 5th, 2020 to January 31st, 2021 were collected through Twitter streaming API using COVID-19 related keywords (e.g., \"corona\", \"covid19\", \"covid\"). By further filtering using mental health keywords (e.g., \"depress\", \"failure\", \"hopeless\"), we extracted mental health-related tweets from the US. Topic modeling using the Latent Dirichlet Allocation model was conducted to monitor users' discussions surrounding mental health concerns. Demographic inference using deep learning algorithms (including Face++ and Ethnicolr) was performed to infer the demographic composition of Twitter users who had mental health concerns during the COVID-19 pandemic. Results: We observed a positive correlation between mental health concerns on Twitter and the COVID-19 pandemic in the US. Topic modeling showed that \"stay-at-home\", \"death poll\" and \"politics and policy\" were the most popular topics in COVID-19 mental health tweets. Among Twitter users who had mental health concerns during the pandemic, Males, White, and 30-49 age group people were more likely to express mental health concerns. In addition, Twitter users from the east and west coast had more mental health concerns. Conclusions: The COVID-19 pandemic has a significant impact on mental health concerns on Twitter in the US. Certain groups of people (such as Males, White) were more likely to have mental health concerns during the COVID-19 pandemic.","PeriodicalId":73207,"journal":{"name":"Health data science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47536357","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Characterizing Discourse about COVID-19 Vaccines: A Reddit Version of the Pandemic Story.","authors":"Wei Wu, Hanjia Lyu, Jiebo Luo","doi":"10.34133/2021/9837856","DOIUrl":"10.34133/2021/9837856","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>It has been one year since the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic. The good news is that vaccines developed by several manufacturers are being actively distributed worldwide. However, as more and more vaccines become available to the public, various concerns related to vaccines become the primary barriers that may hinder the public from getting vaccinated. Considering the complexities of these concerns and their potential hazards, this study is aimed at offering a clear understanding about different population groups' underlying concerns when they talk about COVID-19 vaccines-particularly those active on Reddit. The goal is achieved by applying LDA and LIWC to characterize the pertaining discourse with insights generated through a combination of quantitative and qualitative comparisons. Findings include the following: (1) during the pandemic, the proportion of Reddit comments predominated by conspiracy theories outweighed that of any other topics; (2) each subreddit has its own user bases, so information posted in one subreddit may not reach that from other subreddits; and (3) since users' concerns vary across time and subreddits, communication strategies must be adjusted according to specific needs. The results of this study manifest challenges as well as opportunities in the process of designing effective communication and immunization programs.</p>","PeriodicalId":73207,"journal":{"name":"Health data science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9629685/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40477813","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Framework for Assessing Import Costs of Medical Supplies and Results for a Tuberculosis Program in Karakalpakstan, Uzbekistan.","authors":"Stefan Kohler, Norman Sitali, Nicolas Paul","doi":"10.34133/2021/9813732","DOIUrl":"10.34133/2021/9813732","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>Background</i>. Import of medical supplies is common, but limited knowledge about import costs and their structure introduces uncertainty to budget planning, cost management, and cost-effectiveness analysis of health programs. We aimed to estimate the import costs of a tuberculosis (TB) program in Uzbekistan, including the import costs of specific imported items.<i>Methods</i>. We developed a framework that applies costing and cost accounting to import costs. First, transport costs, customs-related costs, cargo weight, unit weights, and quantities ordered were gathered for a major shipment of medical supplies from the Médecins Sans Frontières (MSF) Procurement Unit in Amsterdam, the Netherlands, to a TB program in Karakalpakstan, Uzbekistan, in 2016. Second, air freight, land freight, and customs clearance cost totals were estimated. Third, total import costs were allocated to different cargos (standard, cool, and frozen), items (e.g., TB drugs), and units (e.g., one tablet) based on imported weight and quantity. Data sources were order invoices, waybills, the local MSF logistics department, and an MSF standard product list.<i>Results</i>. The shipment contained 1.8 million units of 85 medical items of standard, cool, and frozen cargo. The average import cost for the TB program was 9.0% of the shipment value. Import cost varied substantially between cargos (8.9-28% of the cargo value) and items (interquartile range 4.5-35% of the item value). The largest portion of the total import cost was caused by transport (82-99% of the cargo import cost) and allocated based on imported weight. Ten (14%) of the 69 items imported as standard cargo were associated with 85% of the standard cargo import cost. Standard cargo items could be grouped based on contributing to import costs predominantly through unit weight (e.g., fluids), imported quantity (e.g., tablets), or the combination of unit weight and imported quantity (e.g., items in powder form).<i>Conclusion</i>. The cost of importing medical supplies to a TB program in Karakalpakstan, Uzbekistan, was sizable, variable, and driven by a subset of imported items. The framework used to measure and account import costs can be adapted to other health programs.</p>","PeriodicalId":73207,"journal":{"name":"Health data science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10904066/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69807167","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Social and Behavioral Determinants of Health in the Era of Artificial Intelligence with Electronic Health Records: A Scoping Review.","authors":"Anusha Bompelli, Yanshan Wang, Ruyuan Wan, Esha Singh, Yuqi Zhou, Lin Xu, David Oniani, Bhavani Singh Agnikula Kshatriya, Joyce Joy E Balls-Berry, Rui Zhang","doi":"10.34133/2021/9759016","DOIUrl":"10.34133/2021/9759016","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>Background</i>. There is growing evidence that social and behavioral determinants of health (SBDH) play a substantial effect in a wide range of health outcomes. Electronic health records (EHRs) have been widely employed to conduct observational studies in the age of artificial intelligence (AI). However, there has been limited review into how to make the most of SBDH information from EHRs using AI approaches.<i>Methods</i>. A systematic search was conducted in six databases to find relevant peer-reviewed publications that had recently been published. Relevance was determined by screening and evaluating the articles. Based on selected relevant studies, a methodological analysis of AI algorithms leveraging SBDH information in EHR data was provided.<i>Results</i>. Our synthesis was driven by an analysis of SBDH categories, the relationship between SBDH and healthcare-related statuses, natural language processing (NLP) approaches for extracting SBDH from clinical notes, and predictive models using SBDH for health outcomes.<i>Discussion</i>. The associations between SBDH and health outcomes are complicated and diverse; several pathways may be involved. Using NLP technology to support the extraction of SBDH and other clinical ideas simplifies the identification and extraction of essential concepts from clinical data, efficiently unlocks unstructured data, and aids in the resolution of unstructured data-related issues.<i>Conclusion</i>. Despite known associations between SBDH and diseases, SBDH factors are rarely investigated as interventions to improve patient outcomes. Gaining knowledge about SBDH and how SBDH data can be collected from EHRs using NLP approaches and predictive models improves the chances of influencing health policy change for patient wellness, ultimately promoting health and health equity.</p>","PeriodicalId":73207,"journal":{"name":"Health data science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10880156/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46471378","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}