Gerontology & geriatrics : research最新文献

{"title":"Insights into Cognitive Brain Health in Chronic Kidney Disease.","authors":"H Tariq, M Ramakrishnan, A Gupta","doi":"10.26420/gerontolgeriatrres.2022.1074","DOIUrl":"10.26420/gerontolgeriatrres.2022.1074","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Cognitive impairment and Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) are common in older adults. With advances in medicine, the average lifespan is expected to increase, further increasing the prevalence of both conditions. The mechanisms underlying cognitive impairment in CKD are unclear. While mild-moderately low estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) may not be associated with cognitive impairment, severely decreased eGFR and albuminuria do. Patients on dialysis have a high prevalence of cognitive impairment. Cognitive function improves after kidney transplantation. However, some residual cognitive deficits persist after transplantation, indicating that restoring the kidney function alone may not be enough to restore cognitive function, and other etiological factors may play a role. Albuminuria, another marker of CKD is also associated with cognitive impairment. However, albuminuria is often undiagnosed. Improving early identification and management of patients with albuminuria may be a good population-based dementia prevention strategy. Other factors associated with cognitive impairment in CKD include anemia and other metabolic derangements commonly observed in CKD. In this article, we reviewed the prevalence of cognitive impairment in CKD, the potential mechanisms underlying cognitive impairment in CKD, andthecurrent evidence on the association between cognitive impairment and eGFR and albuminuria.</p>","PeriodicalId":73152,"journal":{"name":"Gerontology & geriatrics : research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10478617/pdf/nihms-1928136.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10171782","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Regional Differences in the Diagnosis of Sarcopenia in Older People in Brazil","authors":"Menezes Jm, Paes At, Frisoli-Junior A","doi":"10.26420/gerontolgeriatrres.2021.1063","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26420/gerontolgeriatrres.2021.1063","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Sarcopenia is a prevalent condition, and that is strongly associated with morbimortality outcomes. The optimal way to diagnose sarcopenia is currently a matter of debate. Despite evidence suggesting differences in body composition and physical performance of individuals from different regions, the diagnosis of sarcopenia in Brazil is still conducted using cutoff values established by international consensus. Therefore, the objective of this study was to establish cutoff values for appendicular muscle mass and muscle strength in a population of elderly outpatients with cardiovascular diseases from the city of São Paulo, using this data to compare populations with sarcopenia diagnosed in Brazil with individuals diagnosed using the European consensus values. Materials and Methods: This was a cross-sectional analysis including 502 older individuals from the SARCOS-Brazil study. All subjects underwent densitometry to assess muscle mass and measure strength using a manual dynamometer. The cutoff values for the SARCOS-Brazil criteria were obtained from the 25th percentile of each variable. Results and Discussion: There was no difference in the prevalence of muscle weakness using the two methods (180 patients, 35.9% of the sample). However, a difference was observed concerning low muscle mass. According to the European criteria, a total of 215 older individuals (42.8%) had low muscle mass and 123 (24.5%) according to the SARCOS-Brazil criteria. The prevalence of sarcopenia was 20.3% according to European criteria versus 13.7% according to the SARCOS-Brazil criteria. The kappa coefficient was 0.79. Conclusion: This study suggests that weakness and muscle mass can, in isolation, predict variables related to past vulnerability outcomes, as well as highlights the possibility of using regional cutoff values for the diagnosis of sarcopenia. Keywords: Sarcopenia; Aging; Muscle mass; Muscle strength","PeriodicalId":73152,"journal":{"name":"Gerontology & geriatrics : research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72686037","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Low Concentration Ethanol Prevents Oxidative Stress- Induced Cardiac Cells Injury Under HyperglycemicConditions by Inhibiting the SAPK/JNK Signaling Pathway and ROS Generation","authors":"T. Y, Tian W, B. Y., Zhang A, Z. L, Z. X, Xu J","doi":"10.26420/gerontolgeriatrres.2021.1062","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26420/gerontolgeriatrres.2021.1062","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of this study was to determine the effects and mechanisms of ethanol on oxidative stress-induced cardiac H9c2 cells mitochondrial injury under hyperglycemic conditions. Under hyperglycemic conditions, ethanol pretreatment (10-100 μM) prevented H2O2-induced mitochondria swelling, as well as decreased cell viability and Respiratory Control Ratio (RCR) in the H9c2 cells. It also prevented TMRE fluorescence intensity loss and DCF fluorescence intensity increase under hyperglycemic conditions. These effects of ethanol were reversed by the SAPK/JNK agonist, anisomycin. Finally, treatment of H9c2 cells with 33mM glucose significantly enhanced Akt and ERK phosphorylation, which was not affected by ethanol. However, ethanol decreased the phosphorylation of SAPK/JNK under hyperglycemic conditions. Collectively, these findings indicate that under hyperglycemic conditions, that ethanol prevents oxidative stress-induced mitochondrial injury in cardiac H9c2 cells by preventing ROS generation via inhibiting the SAPK/JNK signaling pathway.","PeriodicalId":73152,"journal":{"name":"Gerontology & geriatrics : research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86356149","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Health Promotion for Older Population in Japan: Importance of Preventive Care and Successful Assisted Living","authors":"Kamide K, T. W., Kabayama M","doi":"10.26420/gerontolgeriatrres.2021.1061","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26420/gerontolgeriatrres.2021.1061","url":null,"abstract":"Japan will face a super-aged society in the near future, in which 40% of the population will be over 65 years of age. However, prolongation of life expectancy is inevitably associated with greater numbers of frail old people who need help or assistance in their daily activities. The percentage of the old-old population in 2020, comprising more frail people compared with the young-old population, exceeded 14% of the total population in Japan. In such a situation, many older Japanese wish to be healthy for their entire life and continue to live in their hometown with a sense of security until the end of their life. Under such circumstances, we should establish a society in which old people can enjoy a healthy, satisfying life through social participation and contribution. In this review article, we discuss about the importance of preventive care and successful assisted living in health promotion policy for older population in Japan, a superaged country.","PeriodicalId":73152,"journal":{"name":"Gerontology & geriatrics : research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83291275","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Visual Impairment in Patients Presenting with a Fall and a Non-Hip Fragility Fracture","authors":"Sahota A, D. H, M. J., Sahota O","doi":"10.26420/gerontolgeriatrres.2021.1060","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26420/gerontolgeriatrres.2021.1060","url":null,"abstract":"In the UK, there are approximately 536,000 new fragility fractures each year, comprising 79,000 hip fractures, 66,000 clinically diagnosed vertebral fractures, 69,000 forearm fractures and 322,000 other fractures [1]. Visual impairment is one of the major risk factors contributing to the risk of falling. Both central and peripheral visual impairment have been shown to be significantly associated with falls and hip fractures [2,3]. Approximately 2/3rd of hip fracture patients have some form of visual impairment, of which over half of these are correctable due to cataracts and/or uncorrected refractive errors [4- 5]. The prevalence of visual impairment in those presenting with a non-hip fragility fracture following a falls is unknown.","PeriodicalId":73152,"journal":{"name":"Gerontology & geriatrics : research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80061942","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Can Supportive Periodontal Therapy Curbe the Surge in COVID-19?","authors":"Thomas Jt, Tinu Elizabeth Thomas","doi":"10.26420/gerontolgeriatrres.2021.1059","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26420/gerontolgeriatrres.2021.1059","url":null,"abstract":"The advent of new variations and the outbreak of pandemic COVID-19 has pushed research among global health professionals to limit the spread of the coronavirus through periodically updated norms and standards of preventive treatment. Dentists have been limited in their practice to emergency care since 2019, as salivary droplets and infectious aerosols from asymptomatic carriers can cross, contaminate the environment. Exaggerated immune responses in patients with poor dental hygiene act as a double-edged sword, manifesting clinically as increased periodontal pockets degrading the tooth supporting tissues, tooth mobility, and tooth loss. SARS- CoV 2 has been discovered in the dental biofilm of infected individuals, according to recent research. Deep periodontal pockets have been identified as a favorable niche for viral survival. This article covers some current study updates and highlights the significance of educating the public, particularly the older population, about maintaining good oral hygiene and minimizing COVID-19 transmission through supportive periodontal treatments.","PeriodicalId":73152,"journal":{"name":"Gerontology & geriatrics : research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80096495","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Comparison between Independently Living Elderly Individuals and Residents in 25 German Nursing Homes Following the Group-Living Principle","authors":"S. A","doi":"10.26420/gerontolgeriatrres.2021.1058","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26420/gerontolgeriatrres.2021.1058","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: The purpose of this study was to analyses the subjective Quality of Life (QoL) perceived by older people in German nursing homes following the group-living principle. Methods: The Nottingham Health Profile (NHP), a health-related QoL measuring instrument, was employed in 25 nursing homes (n=404 participants). A comparison with a national German representative subsample of independently living elderly individuals (age group over 75) was conducted. Psychometric properties and appropriateness were analyzed. Results: Our findings indicate an acceptable perception of residents’ QoL. The mean NHP scale scores show that except for the NHP subscale physical ability, the perceived QoL of residents in group-living nursing homes reached nearly the same level as that of independently living elderly individuals (national German reference values, age group over 75 years). QoL-related results on life satisfaction and feeling of happiness confirm the NHP findings. The protocol from a preliminary pilot study could be replicated according to good scientific practice. Conclusions and Implications: The report presents the first major investigation in the field of subjective quality of life in group-living nursing homes. The study focused on people over 75 years of age with age-specific reduced physical and mental abilities. The NHP should also be considered a reliable, valid and appropriate instrument for older people. Due to the lack of research on residents’ perspectives, further studies should establish age-specific and care setting specific reference data for nursing home residents. In particular, more research is needed to answer the question of which care setting best meets people’s essential needs in older age.","PeriodicalId":73152,"journal":{"name":"Gerontology & geriatrics : research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88245182","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Abandonment Syndrome as a Determinant in the Surgical Denouement in Elderly Population in Mexico City","authors":"A Coronado-MorenoEdson, E Álvarez-LiconaNelson, Snowball-Del Pilar Lenin, Chapa-Azuela Oscar, E Almontes-DorantesAlan, D Carrillo-RuizJosé, R. Jesús","doi":"10.26420/gerontolgeriatrres.2021.1057","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26420/gerontolgeriatrres.2021.1057","url":null,"abstract":"The demographic aging in Mexico is turning into one of the main concerns in the country; this raises the hospital admissions in different levels of medical care. The increase of surgical procedures causes high rates of morbidity and mortality in this population, nowadays, there are multiple instruments used for evaluating the surgical risk and mortality, however, the negative denouements still happen, this can be attributed to the existence of other variables which are not considered such as social kind and the ones which influences in the denouements of hospitalized patients. Objectives: The present study proposes to perform a socio-family assessment in elderly people as a non-considered variable in the pre-surgical and post-surgical evaluation through OARS (Older American and Resource Socials) scale; the evaluation of surgical denouements was recorded with the Dindo-Clavien scale. Methods: Total population was composed for 67 patients, 50.7% male and 49.3% female; mean age of 73.61 years. Results: Statistical analysis showed a p=0.012 in the xi² test and an r=0.67 in the Pearson correlation of OARS/ Dindo-Clavien. Conclusion: In conclusion, this study pretends to beef up the idea that social assessment in elderly population has an important transcendence in surgical denouements and is worthy of a deep development.","PeriodicalId":73152,"journal":{"name":"Gerontology & geriatrics : research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81679772","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Added Sugar Intake and Risk of Falling Among Older People: The Seniors-ENRICA Cohort Study","authors":"Ballesteros Jm, Struijk E, Machado-Fragua Md, Ortolá R, R. F., Lopez Garcia","doi":"10.26420/gerontolgeriatrres.2021.1056","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26420/gerontolgeriatrres.2021.1056","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Added sugar intake is a key contributor to the development of several chronic diseases. We aimed to investigate the prospective association between added sugar intake and the risk of falling among older men and women. Methods: We analyzed data from 2,154 Spanish adults aged ≥65 years from the Seniors-ENRICA cohort. Baseline food consumption was collected in 2008-2010 with a validated diet history, in which 155 foods were identified to contain added sugar. The occurrence of falls was ascertained up to 2015. Analyses were conducted with Cox models adjusted for potential confounders, including nutritional status, chronic diseases and sleeping medication. Results: Over 7.2y of follow-up, 605 participants experienced ≥1 fall and 527 suffered injurious falls. The hazard ratios (95% confidence interval) for ≥1 fall across quintiles of added sugar intake were: 1.0, 1.09 (0.83-1.42), 1.07 (0.82-1.40), 1.15 (0.88-1.52), and 1.48 (1.12-1.96); p-trend 0.03. The corresponding figures for injurious falls were: 1.0, 1.17 (0.88-1.56), 1.06 (0.79- 1.41), 1.13 (0.84-1.52), and 1.40 (1.03-1.90); p-trend 0.10. These associations did not vary over strata of age, protein, calcium or vitamin intake, diet quality, physical activity or alcohol consumption. No differences were found when solid and liquid sources of added sugars were examined separately. Conclusions: Intake of added sugars was associated with a higher risk of falling in older people. This adds to the evidence to support interventions to reduce added sugar intake.","PeriodicalId":73152,"journal":{"name":"Gerontology & geriatrics : research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88782945","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Role of Artificial Intelligence in Revolutionizing Frailty Diagnosis and Patient Care","authors":"A. Hassan, M. Hassan, S. Ellahham","doi":"10.26420/gerontolgeriatrres.2021.1055","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26420/gerontolgeriatrres.2021.1055","url":null,"abstract":"Artificial Intelligence (AI) refers to the design of computer programs and machines which simulate the rudiments of human intelligence independently [1]. Machine learning encompasses a multitude of deep learning algorithms, including Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN) and Recurrent Neural Networks (RNN) - both of which enable continuous analysis of large-scale data to make decisions consistent with previously detected patterns [1]. AI exhibits high potential for employment in the healthcare industry and research laboratories to accurately predict illness, maximize disease prevention, and refine treatment plans. As technological advancements are made, the application of AI will gradually become more feasible and appropriately lend itself to advancing quality care for frail patients even away from the hospital setting. Frailty is somewhat of an ambiguous diagnosis due to lack of a universally agreed upon definition and frailty assessment tool. Efforts have been put forth to delineate frailty and standardize its method of measurement, but many physicians with minimal to none geriatric experience are more likely to eyeball the patient from the foot end of the bed. Although the Comprehensive Geriatric Assessment (CGA) is a gold standard for multidisciplinary and systematic approach of frailty recognition, it is time-consuming and depends upon administers’ expertise [2]. The integration of AI into a frailty assessment strategy would not only cause a paradigm shift in the approach of physicians to this syndrome, but it would also revolutionize pre-existing protocols for management of frail and pre-frail status patients. Sufficient neglect of the variables that comprise frailty results in inefficacious treatment plans and fuels the cost of patient care. International guidelines have come to appreciate the reversibility of frailty and concur that it should be a mandatory component of patient evaluation [3]. AI may be the solution to pinpointing unidentified vulnerabilities that characterize frailty and ensuring that this entity of geriatric practice is more readily incorporated into other subspecialties, too. Chang et al. (2013) conducted research using “household goods” in hopes of facilitating “early detection of frailty and, hence, its early treatment” [4]. eChair, for example, was used to detect “slowness of movement, weakness and weight loss” [4]. Other devices were featured to detect long-term variations in frailty-determining elements and overall functional decline [4]. Pressure sensors, for example, have been embedded into walkers to measure “risk of fall” [4]. Similarly, Canadian Cardiovascular Society Guidelines (2017) encourage the monitoring of orthostatic vital signs to “identify individuals at risk of falls” [3]. Therefore, gradual integration of AI into day-to-day appliances can be exceptionally beneficial when monitoring patients for development of frailty-like “symptoms”. The authors would like to emphasize that the safety and accuracy o","PeriodicalId":73152,"journal":{"name":"Gerontology & geriatrics : research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82797431","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}