{"title":"Multifarious targets beyond microtubules-role of eribulin in cancer therapy.","authors":"Priya Seshadri, Barnali Deb, Prashant Kumar","doi":"10.52586/S559","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52586/S559","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Eribulin, a synthetic marine based drug has received extensive attention recently due to its promising anticancer activities against a wide variety of cancer types as evidenced by preclinical and clinical data. Eribulin is predominantly shown to exhibit microtubule inhibitory activity, however recent reports indicate that it acts via multiple molecular mechanisms targeting both the cancer cells as well as the tumor microenvironment. In this review, a comprehensive account on various modes of action of eribulin on cancer cells is presented along with important clinical aspects in the management of cancer through a comprehensive literature review. We have also highlighted approaches including combination therapy to improve the efficacy of eribulin in cancer treatment. Currently, eribulin is used to treat heavily pretreated patients with metastatic breast cancer, for which it gained FDA approval a decade ago and more recently, it has been approved for treating anthracycline-pretreated patients with metastatic liposarcoma. Novel therapeutic strategies should aim at resolving the toxicity and resistance conferred due to eribulin treatment so that it could be integrated in the clinics as a first-line treatment approach.</p>","PeriodicalId":73070,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in bioscience (Scholar edition)","volume":"13 2","pages":"157-172"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39704108","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Aikaterini Vordoni, Panagiotis Theofilis, Georgios Vlachopanos, Maria Koukoulaki, Rigas G Kalaitzidis
{"title":"Metformin-associated lactic acidosis and acute kidney injury in the era of COVID-19.","authors":"Aikaterini Vordoni, Panagiotis Theofilis, Georgios Vlachopanos, Maria Koukoulaki, Rigas G Kalaitzidis","doi":"10.52586/S563","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52586/S563","url":null,"abstract":"COVID-19, provoked by SARS-CoV-2, constitutes a global health issue with high rates of mortality. The presence of diabetes mellitus is associated with severe coronavirus COVID-19 as it is related to increased death rates in patients admitted to the intensive care unit. Acute kidney injury is a frequent complication among patients hospitalized for COVID-19 and is met with high morbidity and mortality. Here, we present a case of a diabetic patient with acute kidney injury, metformin-associated lactic acidosis, and COVID-19. Lactic acidosis is a relatively rare but noteworthy complication of metformin use. However, the combination of those life-threatening situations could prove fatal for the patients despite optimal medical care.","PeriodicalId":73070,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in bioscience (Scholar edition)","volume":"13 2","pages":"202-207"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39704112","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A short review on the influence of magnetic fields on neurological diseases.","authors":"Richard H W Funk, Manfred Fähnle","doi":"10.52586/S561","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52586/S561","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study reviews the use of magnetic and electromagnetic fields (EMF), pulsed electromagnetic fields (PEMF), and transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) in Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease (AD), or Multiple Sclerosis (MS). The Introduction provides a review of EMF, PEMF, and TMS based on clinical observations. This is followed by a description of the basic principles of these treatments and a literature review on possible mechanisms describing the coupling of these treatments with biological responses. These response mechanisms include the cell membrane and its embedded receptors, channels and pumps, as well as signaling cascades within the cell and links to cell organelles. We also discuss the magnetic contribution to coupling EMF, as well as the recent finding of cryptochrome as a putative magnetosensor. Our conclusion summarizes the complex network of causal factors elicited by EMF such as those arising from the cell membrane via signaling cascades to radical oxygen species, nitric oxide, growth factors, cryptochromes and other mechanisms involving epigenetic and genetic changes.</p>","PeriodicalId":73070,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in bioscience (Scholar edition)","volume":"13 2","pages":"181-189"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39704110","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Modern approaches and innovations in the diagnosis and treatment of peripheral vascular diseases.","authors":"Richard Shi, Sateesh Babu","doi":"10.52586/S560","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52586/S560","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Amongst the three major vascular beds (coronary, cerebrovascular, and peripheral), peripheral vascular disease (PVD) has traditionally received the least attention, despite its growing global burden. The aging population has led to the increased prevalence of PVD, thereby increasing visibility to its various diagnostic and treatment modalities. In the past decade, research and development of innovations in the management of PVD has exploded. Modern advances in imaging, molecular technology, medical devices, and surgical techniques have reduced the morbidity and mortality of PVD. However, many challenges still remain due to the debilitating and progressive nature of this disease. In this article, we will introduce some common vascular diseases, the state of art in diagnosis and treatment, the limitations of modern technology, and our vision for this field over the next decade.</p>","PeriodicalId":73070,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in bioscience (Scholar edition)","volume":"13 2","pages":"173-180"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39704109","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Irina Shemarova, Vladimir Nesterov, Larisa Emelyanova, Sergey Korotkov
{"title":"Mitochondrial mechanisms by which gasotransmitters (H<sub>2</sub>S, NO and CO) protect cardiovascular system against hypoxia.","authors":"Irina Shemarova, Vladimir Nesterov, Larisa Emelyanova, Sergey Korotkov","doi":"10.52586/S556","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52586/S556","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Over past few years, there has been a dramatic increase in studying physiological mechanisms of the activity of various signaling low-molecular molecules that directly or indirectly initiate adaptive changes in the cardiovascular system cells (CVSC) to hypoxia. These molecules include biologically active endogenous gases or gasotransmitters (H<sub>2</sub>S, NO and CO) that influence on many cellular processes, including mitochondrial biogenesis, oxidative phosphorylation, K<sup>+</sup>/Ca<sup>2+</sup> exchange, contractility of cardiomyocytes (CM) and vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC) under conditions of oxygen deficiency. The present review focuses on the mechanistic role of the gasotransmitters (NO, H<sub>2</sub>S, CO) in cardioprotection. The structural components of these mechanisms involve mitochondrial enzyme complexes and redox signal proteins, K<sup>+</sup> and Ca<sup>2+</sup> channels, and mitochondrial permeability transition pore (MPTP) that have been considered as the final molecular targets of mechanisms underlying antioxidant and mild mitochondrial uncoupling effects, preconditioning, vasodilatation and adaptation to hypoxia. In this article, we have reviewed recent findings on the gasotransmitters and proposed a unifying model of mitochondrial mechanisms of cardioprotection.</p>","PeriodicalId":73070,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in bioscience (Scholar edition)","volume":"13 2","pages":"105-130"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39816093","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Fortification methods of coenzyme Q10 in yogurt and its health functionality-a review.","authors":"Shaswati Sarma, Shiny Derose, Nagamaniammai Govindarajan, Musthafa Mohamed Essa, M Walid Qoronfleh, Saravana Babu Chidambaram, Buthaina Al-Bulushi","doi":"10.52586/S557","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52586/S557","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) is an antioxidant, fat-soluble component present in the mitochondrial cells. It provides beneficial results in the treatment of male infertility. In the current scenario, the sedative lifestyle, diet and stress in human lead to excessive free radicals (ROS), leading to health aliments. The review is conducted to compare the effect of different fortification methods of CoQ10 in the Yogurt. The study showed that nanoparticles form of CoQ10 in yogurt showed higher bioaccesiblity rates in humans, and the microencapsulation of CoQ10 showed a low amount of Ubiquinone released during its shelf life. The functional Yogurt produced by the Monascus-fermented soybean powder (MFSP) co-fermentation has been shown to have high free radicals scavenging activity. Thus, the review observes that each fortified sample is useful in its way as CoQ10 supplements. Further studies must be done for accurate conclusions on its effect on male infertility, and other fortification media can be explored.</p>","PeriodicalId":73070,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in bioscience (Scholar edition)","volume":"13 2","pages":"131-140"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39816094","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Approaches for network based drug discovery.","authors":"Priyanka Jayachandran, Suganya Ilango, Biswaranjan Paital, Shravani Bhanja, Ramalingam Nirmaladevi","doi":"10.52586/S551","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52586/S551","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Molecular network-based studies have gained tremendous importance in biomedical research. Several such advanced technologies in molecular biology have evolved in the past decade and have contributed to building up enormous molecular data. These molecular networks gained much significance among researchers triggering widespread use of experimental and computational tools. This interest led researchers to compile data of biomolecules systematically and to develop various computational tools for analyzing data. In the present scenario, an enormous amount of molecular network databases are available which can be accessed freely by the public. This is the central focus of this article.</p>","PeriodicalId":73070,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in bioscience (Scholar edition)","volume":"13 1","pages":"30-43"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39179961","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Deeksha Madhry, Kush Kumar Pandey, Jaskaran Kaur, Yogita Rawat, Leena Sapra, Ravi Kumar Y S, Rupesh K Srivastava, Sankar Bhattacharyya, Bhupendra Verma
{"title":"Role of non-coding RNAs in Dengue virus-host interaction.","authors":"Deeksha Madhry, Kush Kumar Pandey, Jaskaran Kaur, Yogita Rawat, Leena Sapra, Ravi Kumar Y S, Rupesh K Srivastava, Sankar Bhattacharyya, Bhupendra Verma","doi":"10.52586/S552","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52586/S552","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Dengue is potentially a life-threatening arthropod-borne viral infection for which there are no known therapeutic agents till date. Early stage diagnosis of dengue infection is still lacking. Diagnosis is only made after severe manifestations and later stages of infection. Timely prognosis can prevent dengue related mortalities. The nucleic acid-based therapy has potential to emerge as a promising approach for early diagnosis and treatment of this viral infection. Many studies have been carried out suggested the regulatory role of ncRNAs thereby revealing the importance of protein-RNA and RNA-RNA interactions during infection. Various regulatory RNAs are either expressed by mammalian cells or generated by viral RNA have reported to play important roles in viral life cycle including dengue virus. Thus exploring host-virus interaction will pave the novel path for understanding the pathophysiology of febrile infection in dengue. Rapid advances in sequencing techniques along with significant developments in the field of RNA studies has made RNA therapeutics as one of the promising approaches as antiviral targets. The idea of RNA based therapies has been greatly backed by a Hepatitis C virus drug, Miravirsen which has successfully completed phase II clinical trial. In the present review, we will discuss the implications of different non-coding RNAs in dengue infection. Differential expression of small ncRNA may serve as a reliable biomarker of disease severity during different stages of infection and can also play regulatory roles in disease progression.</p>","PeriodicalId":73070,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in bioscience (Scholar edition)","volume":"13 1","pages":"44-55"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39179962","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Yoga in major depressive disorder: molecular mechanisms and clinical utility.","authors":"Madhuri Rajaneesh Tolahunase, Surabhi Gautam, Rajesh Sagar, Manoj Kumar, Rima Dada","doi":"10.52586/S553","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52586/S553","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a mind-body disorder. Cellular aging has been implicated in the pathogenesis of MDD with the altered mind-body communication markers like stress response, immune response, nutrition sensing, and a range of other regulatory feedback systems. In this age of super specializations, one specific target and interventions (preferably a drug) on it are being rigorously sought by the health care community and industry, but have failed in it in the last fifty years in spite of advances in technology. Since, depression is a complex disorder associated with increased incidence of other complex disorders, it must be treated by an integrated holistic approach that can address the complexity of MDD. Interventions targeting accelerated biological aging to increase cellular health in whole body have potential to manage complex conditions like MDD and its overlapping symptoms and comorbidities. Yoga has the potential to be the nexus between, clinical management of MDD and other lifestyle diseases.</p>","PeriodicalId":73070,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in bioscience (Scholar edition)","volume":"13 1","pages":"56-81"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39179963","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Empty names, hallucinations, and semantics.","authors":"Fred Adams, Andrew Jackson","doi":"10.52586/S554","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52586/S554","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In this paper we introduce the problem space of the intersection of hallucinatory experiences and hallucinatory thoughts involving empty names. We recount a brief history of the theory of names. We select and defend a direct reference theory of names. We then apply that theory to cases of hallucination. We show how our theory can explain intentional behavior involving empty names and hallucinatory experiences. We then consider several theories that offer alternative accounts to ours. We critically evaluate those alternatives in relation to our view and defend our view.</p>","PeriodicalId":73070,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in bioscience (Scholar edition)","volume":"13 1","pages":"82-96"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39180406","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}