Frontiers in bioscience (Scholar edition)最新文献

{"title":"Systemic Sclerosis and Atherosclerosis: Potential Cellular Biomarkers and Mechanisms.","authors":"Elena V Gerasimova, Rushana U Shayakhmetova, Daria A Gerasimova, Tatiana V Popkova, Lidia P Ananyeva","doi":"10.31083/j.fbs1504016","DOIUrl":"10.31083/j.fbs1504016","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Systemic sclerosis (SSc) is a rare systemic autoimmune disease of unknown etiology, which is characterized by endothelial dysfunction, pathologic vasculopathy, and increased tissue fibrosis. Traditionally, SSc has been regarded as a prototypical fibrotic disease in the family of systemic autoimmune diseases. Traditionally, emphasis has been placed on the three components of the pathogenesis of SSc: vascular, immune, and mesenchymal. Microvascular lesions, including endothelial dysfunction and smooth muscle cell migration into the intima of vessels in SSc, resemble the atherosclerotic process. Although microvascular disease is a hallmark of SSc, understanding the role of atherosclerotic vascular lesions in patients with SSc remains limited. It is still unknown whether the increased cardiovascular risk in SSc is related to specific cardiac complications (such as myocardial fibrosis) or the accelerated development of atherosclerosis. Different immune cell types appear to be involved in the immunopathogenesis of SSc via the activation of other immune cells, fibrosis, or vascular damage. Macrophages, B cells, T cells, dendritic cells, neutrophils, and endothelial cells have been reported to play the most important role in the pathogenesis of SSc and atherosclerosis. In our article, we reviewed the most significant and recent studies on the pathogenetic links between the development of SSc and the atherosclerotic process.</p>","PeriodicalId":73070,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in bioscience (Scholar edition)","volume":"15 4","pages":"16"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139076086","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Characterization of the <i>Cambaroides wladiwostokiensis</i> Birstein & Vinogradov, 1934 (Decapoda: Astacidea) Mitochondrial Genome Using Genome Skimming and the Phylogenetic Implications within the Astacidea Infraorder.","authors":"Sergei V Turanov, Evgeny I Barabanshchikov","doi":"10.31083/j.fbs1504015","DOIUrl":"10.31083/j.fbs1504015","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The mitochondrial genome is a powerful tool for exploring and confirming species identity and understanding evolutionary trajectories. The genus <i>Cambaroides</i>, which consists of freshwater crayfish, is recognized for its evolutionary and morphological complexities. However, comprehensive genetic and mitogenomic data on species within this genus, such as <i>C. wladiwostokiensis</i>, remain scarce, thereby necessitating an in-depth mitogenomic exploration to decipher its evolutionary position and validate its species identity.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The mitochondrial genome of <i>C. wladiwostokiensis</i> was obtained through shallow Illumina paired-end sequencing of total DNA, followed by hybrid assembly using both <i>de novo</i> and reference-based techniques. Comparative analysis was performed using available <i>Cambaroides</i> mitochondrial genomes obtained from National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI). Additionally, phylogenetic analyses of 23 representatives from three families within the Astacidea infraorder were employed using the PhyloSuite platform for sequence management and phylogenetic preparation, to elucidate phylogenetic relationships via Bayesian Inference (BI), based on concatenated mitochondrial fragments.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The resulting genome, which spans 16,391 base pairs was investigated, revealing 13 protein-coding genes, rRNAs (<i>12S</i> and <i>16S</i>), 19 tRNAs, and a putative control region. Comparative analysis together with five other <i>Cambaroides</i> mitogenomes retrieved from GenBank unveiled regions that remained unread due to challenges associated with the genome skimming technique. Protein-coding genes varied in size and typically exhibited common start (ATG) and stop (TAA) codons. However, exceptions were noted in ND5 (start codon: GTG) and ND1 (stop codon: TAG). Landscape analysis was used to explore sequence variation across the five available mitochondrial genomes of <i>Cambaroides</i>.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Collectively, these findings reveal variable sites and contribute to a deeper understanding of the genetic diversity in this genus alongside the further development of species-specific primers for noninvasive monitoring techniques. The partitioned phylogenetic analysis of Astacidea revealed a paraphyletic origin of Asian cambarids, which confirms the data in recent studies based on both multilocus analyses and integrative approaches.</p>","PeriodicalId":73070,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in bioscience (Scholar edition)","volume":"15 4","pages":"15"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139076070","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fisetin Treats Kidney Oxidative Stress, Inflammation, and Apoptosis in Rat Diarrhea.","authors":"Khaled M M Koriem, Yousra K O Farouk","doi":"10.31083/j.fbs1504014","DOIUrl":"10.31083/j.fbs1504014","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Diarrhea is the increase in the excretion of human water; meanwhile, fisetin, a bioactive flavonol molecule, is widely used in the treatment/prevention of gastrointestinal disorders. The purpose of this study is to investigate the anti-diarrheal activity of fisetin by restoring kidney function, antioxidant activity, inflammatory markers, Na+/K+-ATPase level, apoptosis, and protein content in diarrheal rats.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A total of 36 male rats were distributed into two groups (18 rats/group): normal and diarrheal. The normal group was further divided into three subgroups (6 rats/subgroup): Control, fisetin, and desmopressin drug subgroups, consisting of normal rats orally treated once a day for 4 weeks with 1 mL distilled water, 50 mg/kg fisetin, and 1 mg/kg desmopressin drug, respectively. A lactose diet containing 35% lactose was fed to the normal rats for a month. The diarrheal rats were also divided into three subgroups (6 rats/subgroup): diarrheal rats, diarrheal rats + fisetin, and diarrheal rats + desmopressin drug groups, whereby the diarrheal rats were orally treated once a day for 4 weeks with 1 mL distilled water, 50 mg/kg fisetin, and 1 mg/kg desmopressin drug, respectively.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Fisetin significantly decreased serum urea (41.20 ± 2.6-29.74 ± 2.65), creatinine (1.43 ± 0.05-0.79 ± 0.06), and urinary volume (1.30 ± 0.41-0.98 ± 0.20), while significantly increasing kidney weight (0.48 ± 0.03-0.67 ± 0.07), sodium, potassium, and chloride balance in both serum and urine. Fisetin significantly increased the antioxidant activity (superoxide dismutase (1170 ± 40-3230 ± 50), glutathione peroxidase (365 ± 18-775 ± 16), catalase (0.09 ± 0.03-0.14 ± 0.06), and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate hydrogen (NADPH) oxidase activity (8.6 ± 1.31-10.5 ± 1.25), while significantly decreasing malondialdehyde (19.38 ± 0.54-9.54 ± 0.83), conjugated dienes (1.86 ± 0.24-1.64 ± 0.19), and oxidative index (0.62 ± 0.04-0.54 ± 0.05)), alongside the inflammatory markers (tumor necrosis factor-α (65.2 ± 2.59-45.3 ± 2.64), interleukin-1β, interleukin-6 (107 ± 4.5-56.1 ± 7.2), and interleukin-10) in the diarrheal rats to values approaching the control values. Fisetin also restored the Na+/K+-ATPase level, apoptosis, protein content, and kidney architecture in diarrheal rats to be near the control group.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Fisetin treated diarrhea in rats by restoring kidney function, antioxidant activity, inflammatory markers, apoptosis, proteome content, and histology.</p>","PeriodicalId":73070,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in bioscience (Scholar edition)","volume":"15 4","pages":"14"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139076084","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Identification of Candidate mRNA Genes and Their Potential MicroRNA Targets in Lung Cancer Induced by Smoking Tobacco.","authors":"Amresh Kumar Mishra, Neha Mumtaz, Maneesh Kumar Misra","doi":"10.31083/j.fbs1504013","DOIUrl":"10.31083/j.fbs1504013","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Smoking is considered the single highest risk factor for lung cancer and has been suggested to be associated with accelerated somatic mutations in respiratory mucosa that lead to the development of lung cancer. MicroRNAs serve as modulators in smoking-induced mRNA gene expression changes in the human airway epithelium and are linked to the development of lung cancer. The thermodynamics in the microRNA (miRNA)-mRNA interactions may be affected in tobacco smokers, consequently, leading to phenotypic variations in lung cancer patients. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the impact of smoking tobacco on somatic mutations in mRNA genes and assess their potential impact on miRNA-mRNA interactions in lung cancers.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The clinically significant pathogenic variants in mRNA genes in the dataset in lung cancer cases linked to smoking tobacco (n = 330) were obtained from the Cancer Atlas database (TCGA, http://cancergenome.nih.gov/) and used to assess the potential role of tobacco consumption in driving the genetic alterations in proto-oncogenes associated with lung cancer. The analysis of the miRNA interaction with the top five altered mRNA proto-oncogenes in lung cancer cases due to tobacco consumption was performed using the target prediction function in the miRDP program (Database version 5.2.3.1, https://mirdb.org/).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We identified the top five mRNA proto-oncogenes enriched with simple somatic mutations (SSM) in lung cancer were <i>TP53</i>, <i>EGFR</i>, <i>KRAS</i>, <i>FAT4</i>, and <i>KMT2D</i>. Interestingly, we observed the highest incidence of SSM in the <i>Tumor Protein p53</i> (<i>TP53</i>) gene at 63.64%. Similarly, the SSM incidence was 23.94% in the <i>Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor</i> (<i>EGFR</i>), 22.12% in the <i>Kirsten Rat Sarcoma Viral Oncogene Homolog</i> (<i>KRAS</i>), 18.48% in the <i>FAT Atypical Cadherin 4</i> (<i>FAT4</i>), and 14.24% in the <i>Lysine (K)-Specific Methyltransferase 2D</i> (<i>KMT2D</i>) genes. Subsequently, we used a bioinformatics approach to assess the effect of miRNA-mRNA interactions in lung cancer among the top five SSM-enriched mRNA proto-oncogenes. Among the top 20 identified and selected miRNAs, we observed 18 unique microRNAs that bind specifically to <i>TP53</i>, <i>KRAS</i>, and <i>FAT4</i> genes and 17 and 19 microRNAs that exclusively bind with the <i>EGFR</i> and <i>KMT2D</i> genes, respectively.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Our study found that the top five SSM-enriched mRNA proto-oncogenes in lung cancers among tobacco smokers were <i>TP53</i>, <i>EGFR</i>, <i>KRAS</i>, <i>FAT4</i>, and <i>KMT2D</i>. Further, our results provide an important insight into the involvement of the intricate network of mRNA-miRNA interactions in the development of lung cancer.</p>","PeriodicalId":73070,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in bioscience (Scholar edition)","volume":"15 4","pages":"13"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139076085","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Age-Related Changes in Sperm Morphology and Analysis of Multiple Sperm Defects.","authors":"Maxim Kleshchev, Ludmila Osadchuk, Alexander Osadchuk","doi":"10.31083/j.fbs1503012","DOIUrl":"10.31083/j.fbs1503012","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Analysis of sperm morphology defects (amorphous heads, abnormal acrosome, etc.) is useful for estimating the efficiency of spermiogenesis and sperm maturation. An advanced paternal age (more than 40 years) is associated with decreasing sperm count and reduced motility; however, there is little information on the effect of aging relating to sperm morphological defects. Moreover, searching for stable combinations of certain morphological defects in the same sperm can be useful for better understanding spermiogenesis. The aim of the study was to investigate age-related changes in sperm morphology and the prevalence of certain combinations of sperm morphological defects in men from the general population.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Sperm morphology was assessed in 1266 volunteers from the Russian urban general population in different age groups (18-19, 20-24, 25-29, 30-34, 35-40, and over 40 years old). Two hundred sperm were evaluated from each semen sample (about 250 thousand spermatozoa in total). Sperm defects were classified according to the WHO laboratory manual (WHO, 2010). The total percentage of each sperm defect and the frequency of different combinations of sperm morphological anomalies for each age group were counted. Additionally, a similar analysis was performed for the groups of normospermia and pathozoospermia.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The frequency of coiled and short sperm tails increased in men over 40 years old compared to younger subjects; however, aging did not affect the percentage of morphologically normal sperm. It was shown that the combination of a misshaped head (amorphous, pyriform, and elongated) with a postacrosomal vacuole, acrosome defect, excess residual cytoplasm, or any anomaly of the midpiece or tail in the same spermatozoon were not random combinations of independent solitary defects. The increased frequency of combinations of coiled tails with amorphous, elongated, or vacuolated heads was observed in men older than 40 years. Sperm morphological defects, such as severely deformed heads (pyriform, elongated, and round) were more common in men with pathozoospermia compared to normospermic subjects.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>An age-related impairment in sperm morphology was found. Stable combinations of head defects with anomalies in the acrosome, midpiece or tail suggest that these defects may be the result of a general violation in the morphogenetic mechanism.</p>","PeriodicalId":73070,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in bioscience (Scholar edition)","volume":"15 3","pages":"12"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41163264","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Molecular Characterization of Erythrocyte Glucose-6-Phosphate Dehydrogenase Deficiency in Different Ethnic Groups of Blood Donors in Mauritania.","authors":"Mariem Taleb, Meryem Bakour, Aminetou Taleb Brahim, Sidi Mohamed Ghaber, Seyid Abdellahi Ebnou Abdem, Aminetou Mohamed, Badiaa Lyoussi","doi":"10.31083/j.fbs1503011","DOIUrl":"10.31083/j.fbs1503011","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Glucose-6-phosphate-dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency is the most frequent enzymopathy worldwide; it is a genetic disorder that affects red blood cells and causes hemolysis. Here, we conducted a study on G6PD-deficient subjects in Mauritania to evaluate the molecular characteristics associated with a deficiency in this enzyme and the frequency of nucleotide polymorphisms in the glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase gene.</p><p><strong>Method and materials: </strong>A total of 943 blood samples were collected from blood donors (803 males and 140 females; 364 white Moors; 439 black Moors; 112 Pulaar; 18 Wolof; 10 Soninke). All blood samples were analyzed using a rapid screening test. G6PD status was analyzed quantitatively by the Randox G6PD test. Samples deficient in G6PD were extracted from the whole blood samples and subjected to DNA genotyping. The most frequent G6PD variants were determined by two molecular techniques: restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) and multiplex PCR using the GENESPARK G6PD African kit. A total of six single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) (<i>G202A</i>, <i>A376G</i>, <i>A542T</i>, <i>G680T</i>, <i>C563T</i>, and <i>T968C</i>) were identified.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The prevalence of G6PD deficiency in this population sample was 8.1%. The most common mutation was <i>A376G/202A</i> and was characterized by the G6PD A-phenotype, which is more common in the G6PD-deficient black Moors population. The wilaya in Nouakchott was the most affected among the 13 wilayas studied.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This study shows, for the first time, the presence of the <i>G680T</i> mutation.</p>","PeriodicalId":73070,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in bioscience (Scholar edition)","volume":"15 3","pages":"11"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41172138","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Role of Mitochondrial Dysfunction in the Development of Acute and Chronic Hepatitis С.","authors":"Alexander Blagov, Vasily Sukhorukov, Varvara Orekhova, Anton Postnov, Mikhail Popov, Alexander Orekhov","doi":"10.31083/j.fbs1503010","DOIUrl":"10.31083/j.fbs1503010","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Currently, the issue relating to the discussion raised in this article appears to be for what purposes the hepatitis C virus (HCV) modulates cellular processes, such as antiviral defense, metabolism, apoptosis, and mitochondrial dynamics, by inhibiting the activity or expression of mitochondrial proteins and a number of cellular proteins. Additionally, to what pathological changes do these alterations lead? Thus, the aim of this review is to propose potential protein mitochondrial targets of HCV for the future development of new drugs aimed at inhibiting its interaction with cellular proteins. Considering current analyses in the literature, promising targets for the acute and chronic phases of HCV are proposed which include mitochondrial antiviral signaling (MAVS) (antiviral response protein), Parkin (mitophagy protein), Drp1 (mitochondrial fission protein), subunits 1 and 4 of the electron transport chain (ETC) complex (oxidative phosphorylation proteins), among others. This review illustrates how viral strategies for modulating cellular processes involving HCV proteins differ in the acute and chronic phases and, as a result, the complications that arise.</p>","PeriodicalId":73070,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in bioscience (Scholar edition)","volume":"15 3","pages":"10"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41161516","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ribosomal, Telomere, and Mitochondrial Repeat Copy Number Variations in Female Genomes during Ovarian Stimulation and the Prediction of <i>In Vitro</i> Fertilization Outcome: A Pilot Study.","authors":"Natalia Nikolaevna Veiko, Elizaveta Sergeevna Ershova, Lev Nikolaevich Porokhovnik, Maria Petrovna Klimenko, Peter Afanasievich Klimenko, Pavel Evgenievich Umriukhin, Еdmund Viktorovich Kostyuk, Mark Arkadievich Kurtser, Oksana Nikolaevna Agafonova, Tatyana Agaragimovna Salimova, Sergey Ivanovich Kutsev, Vera Leonidovna Izhevskaya, Svetlana Viktorovna Kostyuk","doi":"10.31083/j.fbs1503009","DOIUrl":"10.31083/j.fbs1503009","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Individual risk assessment of assisted reproductive technologies is essential for personalized treatment strategies. Genetic and genomic indicators of the response to stress by cells could provide individual prognostic indicators for <i>in vitro</i> fertilization (IVF) success. Such indicators include the copy number of ribosomal genes (rDNA), which modulates the level of protein synthesis, and the abundance of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA), which provides the cell with energy, while the content of telomere repeats (TRs) indicate the biological age.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>The contents of the three repeats in DNA isolated from blood leukocytes of 40 women before and after ovarian stimulation were assayed prior to IVF. Then, we divided the women into a successful IVF group, IVF+ (N = 17, 7 cases of twins), and a group of failed cases, IVF- (N = 23). The control group included 17 non-pregnant women with natural childbirth in the past. The nonradioactive quantitative hybridization (NQH) method was applied to assay the genome repeat contents.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The number of rDNA copies in the IVF+ group was significantly higher than in the IVF- group (<i>p</i> < 10-8). The number of mtDNA copies in the IVF+ group also exceeded those in the IVF- group (<i>p</i> < 0.001), whereas the TR content in the two groups differed, albeit, non-significantly (<i>p</i> < 0.03). Following the ovarian stimulation, the rDNA copy numbers did not change, while the contents of the mtDNA and TR varied significantly.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This pilot study has shown that rDNA abundance in blood leukocytes can be considered a stable and effective predictor. Very low numbers of ribosomal repeat copies (<330) entail a high risk of IVF failure. However, a combination of numerous mtDNA and TRs, provided that rDNA content is not very low, increases the probability of multiple pregnancies.</p>","PeriodicalId":73070,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in bioscience (Scholar edition)","volume":"15 3","pages":"9"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41170221","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Individual Variation in Parturition Timing within and among Years for a Bat Maternity Colony.","authors":"Julia Sunga,&nbsp;Jessica Humber,&nbsp;Hugh Broders","doi":"10.31083/j.fbs1502008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31083/j.fbs1502008","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>In monoestrous species, the timing of reproduction can have important impacts on offspring survival. For heterotherms in temperate areas, parturition timing is constrained by cold weather survival strategies, such as hibernation and torpor. Female bats that are year-round residents of temperate regions, such as little brown myotis (<i>Myotis lucifugus</i>), invest significantly in parental care resulting in sharp changes in behavior immediately following parturition. These behavior changes may include increases in nighttime roost revisits, which can be used to identify parturition dates for individual bats that have been passive integrated transponder (PIT) tagged and use monitored roosts.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Using a system of tagged bats and monitored roosts in Pynn's Brook and Salmonier Nature Park Newfoundland, Canada, we estimated parturition dates for 426 female <i>M. lucifugus</i> in at least one year, based on changes in nighttime roost revisit patterns, and quantified the variation in parturition dates within years among individuals, and within individuals among years.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Overall, we report on a wide variation in parturition dates within years among individuals as well as year-to-year variations, both across the population and within individuals. Spring weather conditions appeared to be important influences on parturition timing.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Changes in spring and summer temperature and extreme weather events, as expected due to ongoing climate change, may impact parturition timing, and therefore, offspring survival of temperate bats.</p>","PeriodicalId":73070,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in bioscience (Scholar edition)","volume":"15 2","pages":"8"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9752036","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Impact of Heparin Therapy in Deceased Donors on Early Graft Survival for Kidney and Liver Recipients: A Clinical Trial Study.","authors":"Marzieh Latifi,&nbsp;Elahe Pourhosein,&nbsp;Habib Rahban,&nbsp;Mohammadreza Khajavi,&nbsp;Sanaz Dehghani","doi":"10.31083/j.fbs1502007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31083/j.fbs1502007","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Significant hemodynamic, hormonal, and metabolic impairment of a brain-dead organ donor is often associated with the deterioration of graft viability. This study aimed to compare the effect of heparin therapy as a therapeutic dose after brain death confirmation on early graft survival in kidney and liver recipients.</p><p><strong>Method and materials: </strong>The deceased donors were sorted into two groups based on their D-dimer level. After confirming brain death, one group was given a heparin injection (case group), while the other group did not receive any heparin (control group). A total of 71 brain death donors and matched kidney and liver transplants were included in the case group. A total of 43 brain death donors and matched kidney and liver transplants were included in the control group. A total of 5000 units of heparin were administered every 6 hours to the deceased donor case group.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The mean age of the case and control groups were 36.27 ± 16.13 and 36.15 ± 18.45, respectively. An independent <i>t</i> test showed that there were no differences between the number of procured organs in both groups (<i>p</i> = 0.29). There was no significant difference between the graft survival rate and the doses of heparin injection to the liver recipients (<i>p</i> = 0.06). However, a significant difference was revealed between the graft survival rate and the dose of heparin injection (<i>p</i> = 0.004) in kidney recipients.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The data suggest that administering low therapeutic doses of heparin to donors before organ donation may potentially prevent thrombosis and provide a protective benefit. We showed that heparin therapy had no significant effect on the number of donated organs and graft survival.</p>","PeriodicalId":73070,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in bioscience (Scholar edition)","volume":"15 2","pages":"7"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9758823","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}