Júlia Biliato Javaroni, Larissa Sthefani Sales dos Santos, Juliana de Lima Gonçalves, Fabrício Kitazono de Carvalho, F. Paula-Silva
{"title":"Teeth can Tell a Story About Childhood!","authors":"Júlia Biliato Javaroni, Larissa Sthefani Sales dos Santos, Juliana de Lima Gonçalves, Fabrício Kitazono de Carvalho, F. Paula-Silva","doi":"10.3389/frym.2024.1258822","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/frym.2024.1258822","url":null,"abstract":"Tooth enamel is the hardest substance in the human body. It begins forming during pregnancy and the way it forms can provide valuable information about early life. The cells that produce enamel are extremely sensitive to disturbances, so when a child experiences some kinds of stress during enamel development (childhood diseases, fever, or low concentration of oxygen in the blood for example), layers of enamel may contain “scars” reflecting the stressful experience. The type of enamel scars can tell dentists a story about what may have happened before the person was born or shortly after birth. Understanding enamel development is important for knowing the difference between normal enamel and abnormal changes, and such knowledge can help dentists to diagnose and treat enamel issues, to keep the teeth healthy.","PeriodicalId":73060,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers for young minds","volume":"2 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140442506","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Rolando Garza, Mischa Huson, Anakaren Garcia, Bella Gonzalez, Kenneth Musinguzi, Avani Nagaragere, Evelyn Nansubuga, M. Zedi, E. Bunnik, Sebastiaan Bol
{"title":"Malaria—Why Do Mostly Children Get Sick?","authors":"Rolando Garza, Mischa Huson, Anakaren Garcia, Bella Gonzalez, Kenneth Musinguzi, Avani Nagaragere, Evelyn Nansubuga, M. Zedi, E. Bunnik, Sebastiaan Bol","doi":"10.3389/frym.2024.1305938","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/frym.2024.1305938","url":null,"abstract":"Did you know that micro-organisms can live in blood? Plasmodium parasites can infect red blood cells and cause a serious disease called malaria. This disease is mostly seen in young children living in Africa. Sick children have a fever, aches, can feel very tired, and in bad cases, they can even die from malaria. There are medicines that cure malaria, but it is hard to get these to everyone who needs them. Fortunately, as children grow older, they do not feel as sick when they are infected by the malaria-causing parasite. Better yet, adults hardly ever get malaria. The reason for this difference between children and adults has to do with how well the body’s defense system can fight off the parasite. Keep reading if you want to learn more about malaria, the Plasmodium parasite and how the immune system fights against it.","PeriodicalId":73060,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers for young minds","volume":"51 22","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139687940","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The Importance of Sea Ice to Antarctic Ice Shelves","authors":"B. Miles, Jennifer F. Arthur, Rodrigo Gomez-Fell","doi":"10.3389/frym.2024.1063214","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/frym.2024.1063214","url":null,"abstract":"Ice shelves are important because they act as a dam that regulates the amount of land ice that flows into the ocean. This means if Antarctica’s ice shelves were to break up, more ice would be melted into the ocean and global sea level would rise at a much faster rate. Because Antarctic ice shelves float in the ocean, they are not only sensitive to warming air temperatures but also to changes in the Southern Ocean. One such important factor is how ice shelves interact with sea ice. When sea ice attaches to the front of ice shelves, it can act as a glue, preventing ice-shelf break-up and promoting ice-shelf growth. In the open ocean, sea ice can also help protect ice shelves from damaging ocean waves formed during large storms. Sea ice will play an important role in determining the fate of Antarctic ice shelves in the coming decades.","PeriodicalId":73060,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers for young minds","volume":"18 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140471425","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Moving Hybrid Zones; When Two Species Meet, Mate, and Compete","authors":"Nienke Prins, Ben Wielstra","doi":"10.3389/frym.2024.1207354","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/frym.2024.1207354","url":null,"abstract":"When parents of two different species have babies together, those babies are called hybrids. In nature, hybrids are often born in the region where the ranges of their parent species meet. This region is called a hybrid zone. We know that species change their ranges all the time, and we also know that some species compete with each other for food or living space. This means that, if one of the two parent species manages to expand its range, the other species may be forced to retreat. If that were to happen, the hybrid zone between the two species’ ranges should move, right? Even though researchers used to think that hybrid zone movement was rare, recent studies suggest otherwise. In this article, we will tell you what hybrid zones are, how they form, why their position may shift over time, and what we can learn from this movement.","PeriodicalId":73060,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers for young minds","volume":"111 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140482468","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Can We Use Math to Design a Brighter Future?","authors":"Eric Maskin","doi":"10.3389/frym.2023.1111437","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/frym.2023.1111437","url":null,"abstract":"Did you know that math can be used to help improve society? Well, believe it or not, it does so on a daily basis. Math not only helps us develop new technologies and engineering techniques, but also enables us to design modifications of our society that achieve desirable social goals—goals like reducing pollution and allocating resources to the people who value them the most. In this article, I will tell you about a branch of economics called mechanism design which helps economists do exactly that. Using mechanism design, we can reach important social goals that could not be attained without the modifications it points to. Keep reading to join me on a journey describing an economic theory that can help design a brighter future for us all.","PeriodicalId":73060,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers for young minds","volume":"124 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140487553","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Hot Chili Peppers Help Uncover the Secrets of Pain","authors":"David Julius","doi":"10.3389/frym.2023.1191734","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/frym.2023.1191734","url":null,"abstract":"Our life experience is shaped by our senses. We see, hear, smell, touch, and taste the things around us, and this is how we get to know the world. In my research, I study receptors—small sensing structures present on cell membranes that react to stimuli from the environment or from within the body. The receptors I tell you about in this article are sensitive to pain and heat, and they respond both to high temperatures and to spicy substances, such as hot chili peppers. We believe that, by studying the structures of these receptors and gaining a better understanding of how they operate, we will be able to develop new drugs to treat long-lasting pain more effectively and safely. Read this article to learn how the chili pepper has opened the door for us to uncover some great mysteries of the sensation of pain, paving the way toward future pain treatments.","PeriodicalId":73060,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers for young minds","volume":"48 51","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140487464","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Can Grid Cells Help Us Understand The Brain?","authors":"E. Moser, Noa Segev","doi":"10.3389/frym.2023.1151734","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/frym.2023.1151734","url":null,"abstract":"This article is based on an interview between the two authors.Grid cells are special brain cells that play a key role in the brain’s navigation system. Research on these cells is one of the most interesting and rapidly advancing topics in brain science today. Much has changed since my colleagues and I discovered grid cells in 2005, and even since we were awarded the Nobel Prize in 2014. In this article, I will describe the advancements that transformed the field of grid cell research and tell you about the way that we study grid cells today. Finally, I will give you a peek into how we hope to use our understanding of grid cells as a “window” to understanding the brain as a whole.","PeriodicalId":73060,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers for young minds","volume":"20 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140487919","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Killer T Cells: Immune System Heroes","authors":"Peter Doherty, Noa Segev","doi":"10.3389/frym.2023.1145559","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/frym.2023.1145559","url":null,"abstract":"This article is based on an interview between the two authors.The human body is like a jungle, with trillions of fascinating things happening inside it every second, most of which occur without our awareness. In this article, we will zoom in on a very interesting part of this jungle of human-body activities—the immune system. The immune system protects the body from intruders with its experts in martial arts, called killer T cells. Killer T cells are responsible for eliminating virus-infected cells so that the virus cannot reproduce itself and spread throughout the body. Join me for an adventurous journey into the immune system, in which we will find out how killer T cells know which cells to attack and which to leave alone.","PeriodicalId":73060,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers for young minds","volume":"36 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140489252","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Game Theory—More Than Just Games","authors":"Robert Aumann","doi":"10.3389/frym.2023.1215124","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/frym.2023.1215124","url":null,"abstract":"With Yonatan Aumann, Department of Computer Science, Bar Ilan University, Ramat Gan, Israel.Game theory is not about games. It is a scientific field that uses logic to understand how decisions should be made, taking into account the choices of others. Despite its name, it deals with serious real-life situations like business, politics or even war. This article explains what game theory is about, and how it can be used in many real-world settings. I will explain how game theory uncovers the roots of cooperation, and why its study is important for reducing hostility. We will conclude with an elegant game theory method which you can apply in your everyday life.","PeriodicalId":73060,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers for young minds","volume":"44 52","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140487509","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"How Games Help Us Research Age-Related Memory Changes","authors":"Charlotte Ashton, Fiona McNab","doi":"10.3389/frym.2024.1147170","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/frym.2024.1147170","url":null,"abstract":"Working memory is the ability to hold information in our minds for a short time, often while we work on it. We need it for schoolwork, solving problems, and many aspects of life. Some people can hold more information in mind than others, and as we get older the amount we can hold tends to decline. If we understand what limits working memory and how working memory changes with age, we can figure out ways to improve it. A person’s ability to focus on relevant information and ignore distraction seems to be important. Our research group looked at how well people can ignore different types of distraction, which might limit their working memory. To sample a large number of people with a range of abilities, we used a game played by 29,631 people. The results gave us clues about how our ability to ignore distraction affects our working memory, and we identified a specific type of distraction that seems to particularly affect working memory in older adults.","PeriodicalId":73060,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers for young minds","volume":"68 14","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139593908","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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