Extracellular vesicles and circulating nucleic acids最新文献_第9页

Platform technologies and human cell lines for the production of therapeutic exosomes 用于生产治疗性外泌体的平台技术和人类细胞系

Extracellular vesicles and circulating nucleic acids Pub Date : 2021-03-30 DOI: 10.20517/EVCNA.2020.01

Jiyoon L. Kim, Yonghee Song, C. Park, Chulhee Choi

引用次数: 19

Distinct fragmentation patterns of circulating viral cell-free DNA in 83,552 non-invasive prenatal testing samples 83,552个非侵入性产前检测样本中循环病毒无细胞DNA的明显碎片模式

Extracellular vesicles and circulating nucleic acids Pub Date : 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.20517/evcna.2021.13

Jasper Linthorst, M. Welkers, E. Sistermans

{"title":"Distinct fragmentation patterns of circulating viral cell-free DNA in 83,552 non-invasive prenatal testing samples","authors":"Jasper Linthorst, M. Welkers, E. Sistermans","doi":"10.20517/evcna.2021.13","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20517/evcna.2021.13","url":null,"abstract":"Aim: The fragmentation characteristics of cell-free DNA (cfDNA) are informative biomarkers in liquid biopsies, including non-invasive prenatal testing (NIPT), as they provide insights into the origins of the cfDNA. Viral infections by DNA viruses can contribute to the available cfDNA in these samples. Here, we characterize the fragment size distribution of viral cfDNA fragments obtained from available anonymous NIPT samples. Methods: A viral database of 224 DNA viruses was generated from the NCBI RefSeq viral database. Paired-end cfDNA sequencing reads from 83.522 NIPT samples that did not map to any of the human chromosomes, or mitochondrial DNA of the human reference genome build GRCh38 (excluding alternative and unplaced contigs) were remapped to the generated viral database. Reads mapping to the 14 most abundant DNA viruses were selected, and fragment size distributions were analyzed in detail. Results: Distinct fragmentation patterns were identified for several DNA viruses, most likely due to differences in viral tropism, chromatinization (binding of nucleosomes), and the topology of the viral DNA. In high viral load parvo B19 positive samples, the fragment size distribution differed between samples, potentially reflecting the state of the infection. Page 229 Linthorst et al. Extracell Vesicles Circ Nucleic Acids 2021;2:228-37 https://dx.doi.org/10.20517/evcna.2021.13 Conclusion: These findings outline the potential for liquid biopsies to elucidate the dynamics behind the viral infection, which may potentially have various clinical applications. Our data provide preliminary insights on the use of fragmentomics of viral cfDNA to distinguish between reactivation, reinfection, and primary infection and monitoring the state of viral infections.","PeriodicalId":73008,"journal":{"name":"Extracellular vesicles and circulating nucleic acids","volume":"386 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80145010","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 3

Function of exosomes in neurological disorders and brain tumors. 外泌体在神经系统疾病和脑肿瘤中的功能。

Extracellular vesicles and circulating nucleic acids Pub Date : 2021-01-01 Epub Date: 2021-03-30 DOI: 10.20517/evcna.2021.04

Lan Xiao, Sangeetha Hareendran, Y Peng Loh

{"title":"Function of exosomes in neurological disorders and brain tumors.","authors":"Lan Xiao, Sangeetha Hareendran, Y Peng Loh","doi":"10.20517/evcna.2021.04","DOIUrl":"10.20517/evcna.2021.04","url":null,"abstract":"Exosomes are a subtype of extracellular vesicles released from different cell types including those in the nervous system, and are enriched in a variety of bioactive molecules such as RNAs, proteins and lipids. Numerous studies have indicated that exosomes play a critical role in many physiological and pathological activities by facilitating intercellular communication and modulating cells' responses to external environments. Particularly in the central nervous system, exosomes have been implicated to play a role in many neurological disorders such as abnormal neuronal development, neurodegenerative diseases, epilepsy, mental disorders, stroke, brain injury and brain cancer. Since exosomes recapitulate the characteristics of the parental cells and have the capacity to cross the blood-brain barrier, their cargo can serve as potential biomarkers for early diagnosis and clinical assessment of disease treatment. In this review, we describe the latest findings and current knowledge of the roles exosomes play in various neurological disorders and brain cancer, as well as their application as promising biomarkers. The potential use of exosomes to deliver therapeutic molecules to treat diseases of the central nervous system is also discussed.","PeriodicalId":73008,"journal":{"name":"Extracellular vesicles and circulating nucleic acids","volume":"2 ","pages":"55-79"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8341051/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39292488","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Isolation and characterization of extracellular vesicles in saliva of children with asthma. 哮喘患儿唾液中细胞外囊泡的分离与表征。

Extracellular vesicles and circulating nucleic acids Pub Date : 2021-01-01 Epub Date: 2021-03-30 DOI: 10.20517/evcna.2020.09

Nicole Comfort, Tessa R Bloomquist, Alex P Shephard, Carter R Petty, Amparito Cunningham, Marissa Hauptman, Wanda Phipatanakul, Andrea Baccarelli

{"title":"Isolation and characterization of extracellular vesicles in saliva of children with asthma.","authors":"Nicole Comfort, Tessa R Bloomquist, Alex P Shephard, Carter R Petty, Amparito Cunningham, Marissa Hauptman, Wanda Phipatanakul, Andrea Baccarelli","doi":"10.20517/evcna.2020.09","DOIUrl":"10.20517/evcna.2020.09","url":null,"abstract":"Aim: To confirm the presence of extracellular vesicles (EVs) in cell-free saliva (CFS) of children with asthma and describe the isolated EV population.Methods: A pooled sample of CFS EVs isolated from 180 participants using ExoQuick-TC was examined in downstream analyses. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) was used to confirm the presence of EVs. Nanoparticle tracking analysis (NTA) and single particle interferometric reflectance imaging sensing (SP-IRIS) with fluorescence were used for sizing, counting, and phenotyping of EVs. Capillary immunoassays were used for protein quantitation.Results: TEM confirmed the presence of EVs of diverse sizes, indicating the prep contained a heterogeneous population of EVs. Capillary immunoassays confirmed the presence of EV-associated proteins (CD9, CD63, CD81, ICAM-1, and ANXA5) and indicated limited cellular contamination. As others have also reported, there were discrepancies in the EV sizing and enumeration across platforms. Fluorescent NTA detected particles with a mode diameter of ~90 nm, whereas SP-IRIS reported sizes of ~55-60 nm that more closely approximated the TEM results. Consistent with protein immunoassay results, SP-IRIS with fluorescence showed that the majority of these EVs were CD9- and CD63-positive, with little expression of CD81.Conclusion: EVs from CFS can be isolated using a high-throughput method that can be scaled to large epidemiological studies. To our knowledge, we are the first to characterize CFS EVs from patients with asthma. The use of CFS EVs as potential novel biomarkers in asthma warrants further investigation and opens a new avenue of research for future studies.","PeriodicalId":73008,"journal":{"name":"Extracellular vesicles and circulating nucleic acids","volume":"2 ","pages":"29-48"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8340923/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39292509","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 13

Erratum: Isolation and analysis methods of extracellular vesicles (EVs) 勘误:细胞外囊泡(EVs)的分离和分析方法

Extracellular vesicles and circulating nucleic acids Pub Date : 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.20517/evcna.2021.15

Zheng Zhao, H. Wijerathne, A. Godwin, S. Soper

引用次数: 1

Bioengineered extracellular vesicle-loaded bioscaffolds for therapeutic applications in regenerative medicine. 用于再生医学治疗应用的生物工程细胞外囊载体生物支架。

Extracellular vesicles and circulating nucleic acids Pub Date : 2021-01-01 Epub Date: 2021-06-30 DOI: 10.20517/evcna.2021.10

Sabrina Lazar, Sirjan Mor, Jianing Chen, Dake Hao, Aijun Wang

{"title":"Bioengineered extracellular vesicle-loaded bioscaffolds for therapeutic applications in regenerative medicine.","authors":"Sabrina Lazar, Sirjan Mor, Jianing Chen, Dake Hao, Aijun Wang","doi":"10.20517/evcna.2021.10","DOIUrl":"10.20517/evcna.2021.10","url":null,"abstract":"Extracellular vesicle (EV)-based technologies represent a new advancement for disease treatment. EVs can be administered systemically, injected into the injury site directly, or applied locally in conjunction with bioengineered implantable scaffolds. Matrix-bound vesicles (MBVs), a special class of vesicles localized in association with the extracellular matrix (ECM), have been identified as critical bioactive factors and shown to mediate significant regenerative functions of ECM scaffolds. Loading EVs onto bioscaffolds to mimic the MBV-ECM complex has been shown superior to EV bolus injection in recent in vivo studies, such as in providing enhanced tissue regeneration, EV retention rates, and healing efficacy. Different types of natural biomaterials, synthetic polymers, and ceramics have been developed for EV loading, and these EV functionalized biomaterials have been applied in different areas for disease treatment. The EV functionalized scaffolds can be designed to be biodegradable, off-the-shelf biomaterials as a delivery vehicle for EVs. Overall, the bioengineered EV-loaded bioscaffolds represent a promising approach for cell-free treatment in clinical applications.","PeriodicalId":73008,"journal":{"name":"Extracellular vesicles and circulating nucleic acids","volume":"2 ","pages":"175-178"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8494210/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39496622","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

RANKL and RANK in extracellular vesicles: surprising new players in bone remodeling. 细胞外囊泡中的RANKL和RANK:骨重塑中令人惊讶的新参与者。

Extracellular vesicles and circulating nucleic acids Pub Date : 2021-01-01 Epub Date: 2021-03-30 DOI: 10.20517/evcna.2020.02

L Shannon Holliday, Shivani S Patel, Wellington J Rody

{"title":"RANKL and RANK in extracellular vesicles: surprising new players in bone remodeling.","authors":"L Shannon Holliday, Shivani S Patel, Wellington J Rody","doi":"10.20517/evcna.2020.02","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20517/evcna.2020.02","url":null,"abstract":"Receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa B-ligand (RANKL), its receptor RANK, and osteoprotegerin which binds RANKL and acts as a soluble decoy receptor, are essential controllers of bone remodeling. They also play important roles in establishing immune tolerance and in the development of the lymphatic system and mammary glands. In bone, RANKL stimulates osteoclast formation by binding RANK on osteoclast precursors and osteoclasts. This is required for bone resorption. Recently, RANKL and RANK have been shown to be functional components of extracellular vesicles (EVs). Data linking RANKL and RANK in EVs to biological regulatory roles are reviewed, and crucial unanswered questions are examined. RANKL and RANK are transmembrane proteins and their presence in EVs allows them to act at a distance from their cell of origin. Because RANKL-bearing osteocytes and osteoblasts are often spatially distant from RANK-containing osteoclasts in vivo, this may be crucial for the stimulation of osteoclast formation and bone resorption. RANK in EVs from osteoclasts has the capacity to stimulate a RANKL reverse signaling pathway in osteoblasts that promotes bone formation. This serves to couple bone resorption with bone formation and has inspired novel bifunctional therapeutic agents. RANKL- and RANK- containing EVs in serum may serve as biomarkers for bone and immune pathologies. In summary, EVs containing RANKL and RANK have been identified as intercellular regulators in bone biology. They add complexity to the central signaling network responsible for maintaining bone. RANKL- and RANK-containing EVs are attractive as drug targets and as biomarkers.","PeriodicalId":73008,"journal":{"name":"Extracellular vesicles and circulating nucleic acids","volume":"2 ","pages":"18-28"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8112638/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38975266","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 16

Isolation and analysis methods of extracellular vesicles (EVs). 细胞外囊泡(EVs)的分离与分析方法。

Extracellular vesicles and circulating nucleic acids Pub Date : 2021-01-01 Epub Date: 2020-03-30 DOI: 10.20517/evcna.2021.07

Zheng Zhao, Harshani Wijerathne, Andrew K Godwin, Steven A Soper

{"title":"Isolation and analysis methods of extracellular vesicles (EVs).","authors":"Zheng Zhao, Harshani Wijerathne, Andrew K Godwin, Steven A Soper","doi":"10.20517/evcna.2021.07","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20517/evcna.2021.07","url":null,"abstract":"Extracellular vesicles (EVs) have been recognized as an evolving biomarker within the liquid biopsy family. While carrying both host cell proteins and different types of RNAs, EVs are also present in sufficient quantities in biological samples to be tested using many molecular analysis platforms to interrogate their content. However, because EVs in biological samples are comprised of both disease and non-disease related EVs, enrichment is often required to remove potential interferences from the downstream molecular assay. Most benchtop isolation/enrichment methods require > milliliter levels of sample and can cause varying degrees of damage to the EVs. In addition, some of the common EV benchtop isolation methods do not sort the diseased from the non-diseased related EVs. Simultaneously, the detection of the overall concentration and size distribution of the EVs is highly dependent on techniques such as electron microscopy and Nanoparticle Tracking Analysis, which can include unexpected variations and biases as well as complexity in the analysis. This review discusses the importance of EVs as a biomarker secured from a liquid biopsy and covers some of the traditional and non-traditional, including microfluidics and resistive pulse sensing, technologies for EV isolation and detection, respectively.","PeriodicalId":73008,"journal":{"name":"Extracellular vesicles and circulating nucleic acids","volume":"2 ","pages":"80-103"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8372011/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39328416","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 52

Meeting report of the 4th autumn meeting of the German Society of Extracellular Vesicles (GSEV): cutting edge EV research driven by young scientists 德国细胞外囊泡学会(GSEV)第四届秋季会议报告:由青年科学家推动的前沿EV研究

Extracellular vesicles and circulating nucleic acids Pub Date : 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.20517/evcna.2021.23

Eva-Maria Krämer-Albers, E. Pogge von Strandmann, G. Fuhrmann, I. Nazarenko, B. Giebel, M. Pfaffl

引用次数: 0

Year-end reflections of EVCNA-2021 EVCNA-2021的年终反思

Extracellular vesicles and circulating nucleic acids Pub Date : 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.20517/evcna.2021.27

Y. P. Loh

引用次数: 0