Exploration of neuroprotective therapy最新文献

Lifetime stressors relate to invisible symptoms of multiple sclerosis 终生压力与多发性硬化症的隐形症状有关

Exploration of neuroprotective therapy Pub Date : 2024-04-22 DOI: 10.37349/ent.2024.00077

Carri S. Polick, T. Braley, Robert Ploutz-Snyder, Cathleen M. Connell, Ali Watson, Sarah A. Stoddard

{"title":"Lifetime stressors relate to invisible symptoms of multiple sclerosis","authors":"Carri S. Polick, T. Braley, Robert Ploutz-Snyder, Cathleen M. Connell, Ali Watson, Sarah A. Stoddard","doi":"10.37349/ent.2024.00077","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37349/ent.2024.00077","url":null,"abstract":"Aim: Childhood stressors can increase adult stress perception and may accumulate over the lifespan to impact symptoms of multiple sclerosis (MS). Growing evidence links childhood stressors (e.g., abuse, neglect) to fatigue, pain, and psychiatric morbidity in adults with MS; yet literature in this area is lacking a comprehensive lifespan approach. The aim of this cross-sectional study was to examine contributions of childhood and adulthood stressor characteristics (i.e., count, severity), on three individual outcomes: fatigue, pain interference, and psychiatric morbidity in People with MS (PwMS). Methods: An online survey was distributed through the National MS Society. Hierarchical block regression modeling was used to sequentially assess baseline demographics, childhood stressors, and adult stressors per outcome. We hypothesized that child and adult stressors would significantly contribute to fatigue, pain interference, and psychiatric morbidity. Results: Overall, 713 PwMS informed at least one final analytic model. Both childhood and adult stressors significantly contributed to pain interference and psychiatric morbidity. Adult stressor severity independently correlated with psychiatric morbidity (P < 0.0001). Childhood stressors significantly contributed to fatigue (LR test P < 0.0001). Childhood stressor severity independently significantly correlated with both fatigue likelihood (P = 0.03) and magnitude (P < 0.001). Conclusions: This work supports a relationship between stressors across the lifespan and fatigue, pain, and psychiatric morbidity in PwMS. Stressor severity may have an important role which may not be captured in count-based trauma measurement tools. Clinicians and researchers should consider lifetime stress when addressing fatigue, pain, and psychiatric morbidity among PwMS.","PeriodicalId":73000,"journal":{"name":"Exploration of neuroprotective therapy","volume":"5 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140674148","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Neuronal plasticity in dorsal root ganglia following sciatic nerve injury 坐骨神经损伤后背根神经节的神经元可塑性

Exploration of neuroprotective therapy Pub Date : 2024-04-17 DOI: 10.37349/ent.2024.00076

Burcu Delibaş, A. A. Elamin, Süleyman Kaplan

{"title":"Neuronal plasticity in dorsal root ganglia following sciatic nerve injury","authors":"Burcu Delibaş, A. A. Elamin, Süleyman Kaplan","doi":"10.37349/ent.2024.00076","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37349/ent.2024.00076","url":null,"abstract":"It is widely known that each tissue has unique mechanisms to respond to injury and maintain homeostasis effectively. Although peripheral nerves have limited regeneration capacity, they conduct a complicated regeneration process by orchestrating multiple cell complexes after injury. In addition to drawing attention to anterograde and retrograde transportation, the absence of a cell body in the damaged area also points to the significance of immune and glial cells in the environment. Cellular reorganization following injury in the dorsal root ganglion, which takes place in the cell bodies of sensory peripheral nerve fibers, has attracted much attention. Growing research has been focused on investigating the molecular and cellular interactions occurring in sensory neurons and glial cells within the dorsal root ganglia after injury. It is clearly becoming that the sensory neurons and glial cells in the dorsal root ganglion are derived from the same embryological origins. Therefore, this information attracts attention to the potential of these two cells to differentiate into each other in case of injury. The focus of these studies is to illuminate the genes and pathways responsible for an increase in the plasticity of the neurogenic cell line following nerve injury. This review explores and discusses the underlying mechanisms responsible for maintaining homeostasis in the dorsal root ganglion and regeneration of peripheral nerves and how neuronal plasticity functions in the regeneration of the injury.","PeriodicalId":73000,"journal":{"name":"Exploration of neuroprotective therapy","volume":" 15","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140690977","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Biomarkers in neurodegenerative diseases: a broad overview 神经退行性疾病的生物标记物：概述

Exploration of neuroprotective therapy Pub Date : 2024-04-16 DOI: 10.37349/ent.2024.00075

Sathish Selvam, V. Ayyavoo

{"title":"Biomarkers in neurodegenerative diseases: a broad overview","authors":"Sathish Selvam, V. Ayyavoo","doi":"10.37349/ent.2024.00075","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37349/ent.2024.00075","url":null,"abstract":"Degeneration and dysfunction of neurons in the brain are hallmarks of neurodegenerative diseases. Over the past decades, significant efforts have been devoted to the development and validation of biomarkers for neurodegenerative diseases. The range and diversity of biomarkers for central nervous system (CNS) diseases has continued to expand, encompassing biofluid-based sources such as blood or cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), nucleic acids, tissues, and imaging. While imaging and tissue biopsy-based markers are continually being identified and their applications expanding, they do have limitations compared with RNA and protein biomarkers. This review comprehensively summarizes various biomarkers, including microRNA (miRNA), long noncoding RNA (lncRNA), circulating miRNA (cimiRNA), and proteins, in the context of CNS disorders. In addition, the review emphasizes the existing limitations and challenges associated with the use of biomarkers in both clinical practice and research on neurodegenerative diseases. In conclusion, this review provides an insightful overview of the identified biomarkers for neurodegenerative diseases, underscoring the crucial role of biomarker research in combating these debilitating conditions. The article also highlights future challenges related to the implementation of novel biomarkers in clinical practice and trials, thereby contributing to the ongoing efforts to advance the understanding and management of neurodegenerative diseases.","PeriodicalId":73000,"journal":{"name":"Exploration of neuroprotective therapy","volume":"103 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140695224","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

“Vitaction” deficiency: a possible root cause for multiple lifestyle disorders including Alzheimer’s disease "维生素活性 "缺乏症：包括阿尔茨海默病在内的多种生活方式疾病的可能根源

Exploration of neuroprotective therapy Pub Date : 2024-04-07 DOI: 10.37349/ent.2024.00074

M. Watve, Ashwini Keskar Sardeshmukh

{"title":"“Vitaction” deficiency: a possible root cause for multiple lifestyle disorders including Alzheimer’s disease","authors":"M. Watve, Ashwini Keskar Sardeshmukh","doi":"10.37349/ent.2024.00074","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37349/ent.2024.00074","url":null,"abstract":"Behavioural environment and behavioural responses of an individual are known to affect multiple aspects of physiology including neuroendocrine and growth factor signalling, angiogenesis, stem cell dynamics, tissue homeostasis, and maintenance. Despite substantial evidence, the role of behaviour-physiology interface in human health and disease remains underappreciated. The hypothesis proposed here suggests that deficiencies of certain behaviours that have evolved to become essential or “vitactions” can potentially trigger multiple health problems. Altered growth factor expression because of vitaction deficiencies affects angiogenesis and vascular function, neuronal maintenance, transport of glucose and other nutrients to the brain, mitochondrial function, oxidative stress, inflammation, and protein aggregation dynamics all implicated in Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Exercise is already known to be effective in prevention of AD. The hypothesis suggests that it is the behavioural component of exercise over mechanical activity and calorie burning that has crucial effects on brain health through multiple signalling pathways. Similar to vitamin deficiencies, where supplying the deficient vitamin is the only effective solution, for vitaction deficiencies supplying the deficient behavioural stimuli through behaviourally enriched exercise can be the most effective remedy.","PeriodicalId":73000,"journal":{"name":"Exploration of neuroprotective therapy","volume":"20 14","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140732544","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Lysophospholipid receptors in neurodegeneration and neuroprotection. 神经变性和神经保护中的溶血磷脂受体

Exploration of neuroprotective therapy Pub Date : 2024-01-01 Epub Date: 2024-08-22 DOI: 10.37349/ent.2024.00088

Eric Birgbauer

{"title":"Lysophospholipid receptors in neurodegeneration and neuroprotection.","authors":"Eric Birgbauer","doi":"10.37349/ent.2024.00088","DOIUrl":"10.37349/ent.2024.00088","url":null,"abstract":"The central nervous system (CNS) is one of the most complex physiological systems, and treatment of CNS disorders represents an area of major medical need. One critical aspect of the CNS is its lack of regeneration, such that damage is often permanent. The damage often leads to neurodegeneration, and so strategies for neuroprotection could lead to major medical advances. The G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) family is one of the major receptor classes, and they have been successfully targeted clinically. One class of GPCRs is those activated by bioactive lysophospholipids as ligands, especially sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) and lysophosphatidic acid (LPA). Research has been increasingly demonstrating the important roles that S1P and LPA, and their receptors, play in physiology and disease. In this review, I describe the role of S1P and LPA receptors in neurodegeneration and potential roles in neuroprotection. Much of our understanding of the role of S1P receptors has been through pharmacological tools. One such tool, fingolimod (also known as FTY720), which is a S1P receptor agonist but a functional antagonist in the immune system, is clinically efficacious in multiple sclerosis by producing a lymphopenia to reduce autoimmune attacks; however, there is evidence that fingolimod is also neuroprotective. Furthermore, fingolimod is neuroprotective in many other neuropathologies, including stroke, Parkinson's disease, Huntington's disease, Rett syndrome, Alzheimer's disease, and others that are discussed here. LPA receptors also appear to be involved, being upregulated in a variety of neuropathologies. Antagonists or mutations of LPA receptors, especially LPA1, are neuroprotective in a variety of conditions, including cortical development, traumatic brain injury, spinal cord injury, stroke and others discussed here. Finally, LPA receptors may interact with other receptors, including a functional interaction with plasticity related genes.","PeriodicalId":73000,"journal":{"name":"Exploration of neuroprotective therapy","volume":"4 4","pages":"349-365"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11379401/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142156839","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Effectiveness of dry needling on the treatment of patients with multiple sclerosis: systematic review 干针治疗多发性硬化症患者的效果：系统性综述

Exploration of neuroprotective therapy Pub Date : 2023-12-26 DOI: 10.37349/ent.2023.00063

Ali Mutlu, Mehmet Hanifi Kaya, Ö. Büyükturan, B. Büyükturan

{"title":"Effectiveness of dry needling on the treatment of patients with multiple sclerosis: systematic review","authors":"Ali Mutlu, Mehmet Hanifi Kaya, Ö. Büyükturan, B. Büyükturan","doi":"10.37349/ent.2023.00063","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37349/ent.2023.00063","url":null,"abstract":"Aim: The aim of this study is to review the effectiveness of dry needling in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS). Methods: PubMed, Physiotherapy Evidence Database (PEDro), Web of Science, Scopus, and Cochrane Library databases were searched from its inception until July 2023 and the reference lists of the articles obtained were manually searched. Studies examining the effectiveness of dry needling treatment alone or in combination with a different protocol in individuals diagnosed with MS, regardless of type, were included. The systematic review included quasi-experimental studies and case reports. Studies involving traditional Chinese medicine acupuncture applications, conference abstracts, and protocol records were excluded. Methodological quality assessments were carried out independently by two authors using tools developed by the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI). Results: A total of 130 studies were found in the searches. Some studies were excluded due to duplication, protocol registration, conference abstract, and content outside the scope of the study and 7 studies were included in the review. In total, 33 individuals were included in this review, 22 of whom were women. Four studies specified the MS type of the patients, while the other studies did not specify MS type. Conclusions: Despite some limitations, this is, to our knowledge, the first review summarizing studies evaluating the effectiveness of dry needling in MS patients. The dry needling technique alone or in a combination of treatments was effective in improving pain, spasticity, range of motion, dexterity, mobility, limb function, and quality of life in MS patients. However, these results should be treated with caution due to the small number of included studies and the lack of randomized controlled trials. Although it is too early to talk about the positive effects of the dry needling technique in MS patients, the study results are promising. More randomized controlled trials should be conducted on this topic.","PeriodicalId":73000,"journal":{"name":"Exploration of neuroprotective therapy","volume":"16 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139155423","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Hyperbaric oxygen therapy—a new hope for Alzheimer’s patients: a case report and literature review 高压氧疗法--阿尔茨海默病患者的新希望：病例报告和文献综述

Exploration of neuroprotective therapy Pub Date : 2023-12-22 DOI: 10.37349/ent.2023.00062

E. Mukaetova-Ladinska, Joe Steptoe, Matthew Critchfield, Ha-Jun Yoon, M. Sharif, Qadeer Arshad

{"title":"Hyperbaric oxygen therapy—a new hope for Alzheimer’s patients: a case report and literature review","authors":"E. Mukaetova-Ladinska, Joe Steptoe, Matthew Critchfield, Ha-Jun Yoon, M. Sharif, Qadeer Arshad","doi":"10.37349/ent.2023.00062","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37349/ent.2023.00062","url":null,"abstract":"The currently available pharmacological anti-dementia treatments provide only temporary and limited benefits. Not surprisingly, patients and professionals increasingly explore non-pharmacological interventions that may alleviate dementia symptoms. Among these interventions is hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBOT). A brief review is presented on HBOT use in medicine, with its mode of action in dementia, specifically Alzheimer’s disease, as well as a case report of self-initiated HBOT in a 63-year-old man with a clinical diagnosis of probable Alzheimer’s disease. He had over 400 HBOT sessions [2–3 times weekly, with a duration of 30–50 min, in a multi-place hyperbaric chamber at 2 atmospheres absolute (ATA)] over 7 years and use of donepezil (10 mg daily) for the last 3 years when formally diagnosed by the National Health Service (NHS) Memory Service. The patient’s longitudinal neurocognitive and neuroradiological evidence over 7 years of follow-up remained stable (with no major cognitive decline and no behavioral changes) when compared to his initial presentation when diagnosed by the private health provider. His driving remains unimpaired, and he continues to be independent. This highlights the potential HBOT benefits including those on visuospatial ability and activities of daily living in people with Alzheimer’s disease. This case report argues for more extensive research into the clinical effects of HBOT in Alzheimer’s disease. Discussion of HBOT use is along with the latest advances in anti-amyloid immunotherapy for Alzheimer’s disease, as well as HBOT augmentation of current and novel dementia drug delivery via nanotechnology.","PeriodicalId":73000,"journal":{"name":"Exploration of neuroprotective therapy","volume":"41 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138945672","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Minimum spanning tree analysis for epilepsy magnetoencephalography (MEG) data 癫痫脑磁图（MEG）数据的最小生成树分析

Exploration of neuroprotective therapy Pub Date : 2023-12-13 DOI: 10.37349/ent.2023.00061

Sunhan Shin, Chun Kee Chung, Jaehee Kim

{"title":"Minimum spanning tree analysis for epilepsy magnetoencephalography (MEG) data","authors":"Sunhan Shin, Chun Kee Chung, Jaehee Kim","doi":"10.37349/ent.2023.00061","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37349/ent.2023.00061","url":null,"abstract":"Aim: Recently, brain network research is actively conducted through the application of graph theory. However, comparison between brain networks is subject to bias issues due to topological characteristics and heterogeneity across subjects. The minimum spanning tree (MST) is a method that is increasingly applied to overcome the thresholding problem. In this study, the aim is to use the MST analysis in comparing epilepsy patients and controls to find the differences between groups.\u0000Methods: The MST combines entities for epileptic magnetoencephalography (MEG) data. The MST was applied and compared to 21 left surgery (LT) and 21 right surgery (RT) patients with epilepsy and good postoperative prognosis and a healthy control (HC) group. MST metrics such as betweenness centrality, eccentricity, diameter, and leaf fraction, are computed and compared to describe the integration and efficiency of the network. The MST analysis is applied to each subject, and then the integrated MST is obtained using the distance concept. This approach can be advantageous when comparing the topological structure of patients to controls with the same number of nodes.\u0000Results: The HC group showed less topological change and more network efficiency than the epilepsy LT and RT groups. In addition, the posterior cingulate gyrus was found as a hub node only in the patient group in individual and integrated subject data analysis.\u0000Conclusions: This study suggests propose that the hippocampus borrows from the default network when one side fails, compensating for the weakened function.","PeriodicalId":73000,"journal":{"name":"Exploration of neuroprotective therapy","volume":"137 14","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139003982","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Unique cerebrospinal fluid peptides: potential amyotrophic lateral sclerosis biomarkers and etiological factors 独特的脑脊液肽：潜在的肌萎缩侧索硬化症生物标志物和致病因素

Exploration of neuroprotective therapy Pub Date : 2023-12-12 DOI: 10.37349/ent.2023.00060

U. Wormser, A. Sintov, M. Vinceti, J. Mandrioli, B. Brodsky, E. Proscura, Y. Finkelstein

{"title":"Unique cerebrospinal fluid peptides: potential amyotrophic lateral sclerosis biomarkers and etiological factors","authors":"U. Wormser, A. Sintov, M. Vinceti, J. Mandrioli, B. Brodsky, E. Proscura, Y. Finkelstein","doi":"10.37349/ent.2023.00060","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37349/ent.2023.00060","url":null,"abstract":"Aim: Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a progressive disease of unknown etiology, characterized by degeneration of motoneurons and skeletal muscle strength decline that progressively evolves to respiratory failure and death. A key point in the therapeutic approach is to understand the pathological processes associated with disease evolution. In spite of intensive research on the molecular/cellular mechanisms involved in ALS initiation and progression disease etiology, unfortunately, poorly understood and there is no efficient specific/decisive treatment for ALS patients. The aims of the present study are to identify specific factors in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of ALS patients and to test their potential relevance to the etiology of this disease. Methods: Peptides were identified by liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). Motor activity of mice was tested by the Rota-rod test and peptide-induced inflammation was assessed by induction nitric oxide synthase activity in BV2 microglia cells. Results: Analysis of CSF samples of ALS patients (n = 15) detected two peptides, C-terminal fragments of transthyretin and osteopontin, which were absent in a control group (n = 15). In addition to being potential biomarker candidates, the relevancy of these peptides to the disease etiology was tested by assessing their effects on motor activity in mice and inflammation model in cell culture. Intranasal administration of the peptides reduced motor activity in the Rota-rod test and activated lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammation in BV2 microglia cells. Conclusions: These findings suggest that during ALS onset and progression two potentially neurotoxic peptides are formed, released, or penetrated the central nervous system thus inducing neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration.","PeriodicalId":73000,"journal":{"name":"Exploration of neuroprotective therapy","volume":"30 S1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139009968","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Further arguments in favor of the biological relevance of purinergic receptors: the novel emergence of a purinergic signature 支持嘌呤能受体生物学相关性的进一步论据：新出现的嘌呤能特征

Exploration of neuroprotective therapy Pub Date : 2023-11-29 DOI: 10.37349/ent.2023.00059

C. Volonté, Rafael Franco

引用次数: 0