Neuronal plasticity in dorsal root ganglia following sciatic nerve injury

Abstract

It is widely known that each tissue has unique mechanisms to respond to injury and maintain homeostasis effectively. Although peripheral nerves have limited regeneration capacity, they conduct a complicated regeneration process by orchestrating multiple cell complexes after injury. In addition to drawing attention to anterograde and retrograde transportation, the absence of a cell body in the damaged area also points to the significance of immune and glial cells in the environment. Cellular reorganization following injury in the dorsal root ganglion, which takes place in the cell bodies of sensory peripheral nerve fibers, has attracted much attention. Growing research has been focused on investigating the molecular and cellular interactions occurring in sensory neurons and glial cells within the dorsal root ganglia after injury. It is clearly becoming that the sensory neurons and glial cells in the dorsal root ganglion are derived from the same embryological origins. Therefore, this information attracts attention to the potential of these two cells to differentiate into each other in case of injury. The focus of these studies is to illuminate the genes and pathways responsible for an increase in the plasticity of the neurogenic cell line following nerve injury. This review explores and discusses the underlying mechanisms responsible for maintaining homeostasis in the dorsal root ganglion and regeneration of peripheral nerves and how neuronal plasticity functions in the regeneration of the injury.