Exploration of medicine最新文献_第4页

Treatment of malignant diseases with phytocannabinoids: promising observations in animal models and patients 用植物大麻素治疗恶性疾病：在动物模型和患者身上观察到的有希望的结果

Exploration of medicine Pub Date : 2023-12-06 DOI: 10.37349/emed.2023.00182

Gerhard Nahler

{"title":"Treatment of malignant diseases with phytocannabinoids: promising observations in animal models and patients","authors":"Gerhard Nahler","doi":"10.37349/emed.2023.00182","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37349/emed.2023.00182","url":null,"abstract":"Amazingly, almost 50 years after the first demonstration of anticancer effects of cannabinoids in vitro and in vivo, well-designed clinical trials that definitively prove tumour-inhibiting effects in man are still missing. Whereas a large number of preclinical studies exist that describe tumour-inhibiting effects of cannabinoids, alone or in combination, but also in the form of medical cannabis or natural extracts in vitro, the number of in vivo studies is still limited. Even more limited are well-documented experiences in man. Most animal studies and experience with cannabinoids in man concern brain tumours. This review summarises the effects of phytocannabinoids in brain, breast, colorectal, head and neck, haematological, liver, lung, pancreatic, ovarian, prostate, and skin cancers in animal models and, if available, in patients. The large majority of animal studies demonstrate tumour-inhibiting effects of cannabinoids, thus confirming in vitro data. Experiences in cancer patients are almost exclusively limited to individual case reports and case series without a control group. Many questions are currently unanswered such as the role of pure cannabinoids compared to combinations, cannabinoids as the eventual sole cancer therapy, optimal dosages, or duration of treatment. Pure cannabidiol (CBD) seems to be superior to pure delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) in experimental settings. The role of medical cannabis or extracts is less clear as they vary in their phytochemical composition. In conclusion, cannabis/cannabinoids may slow the progression of tumours. However, the hope that cannabinoids could eventually cure cancer as often spread in social media, is, at present, wishful thinking. Above all, well-designed clinical trials paired with long-term follow-up of cancer patients are needed.","PeriodicalId":72999,"journal":{"name":"Exploration of medicine","volume":"58 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138596507","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Roles of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase 1 and mitophagy in progeroid syndromes as well as physiological ageing 聚(adp核糖)聚合酶1和线粒体自噬在类早衰综合征和生理性衰老中的作用

Exploration of medicine Pub Date : 2023-10-31 DOI: 10.37349/emed.2023.00180

Naoko Suga, Yuka Ikeda, Sayuri Yoshikawa, Satoru Matsuda

{"title":"Roles of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase 1 and mitophagy in progeroid syndromes as well as physiological ageing","authors":"Naoko Suga, Yuka Ikeda, Sayuri Yoshikawa, Satoru Matsuda","doi":"10.37349/emed.2023.00180","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37349/emed.2023.00180","url":null,"abstract":"Progeroid syndromes are characterized by clinical signs of premature ageing, which may contain several diseases such as Werner syndrome, Bloom syndrome, Rothmund-Thomson syndrome, Hutchinson-Gilford progeria syndrome, and Cockayne syndrome. These disorders may also exhibit some pathological involvements reminiscent of primary mitochondrial diseases. Emerging evidence has linked mitochondria even to physiological ageing. In addition, alterations in the maintenance pathway of mitochondria have been also deliberated as relevant in age-related diseases. In particular, mitophagy and its regulatory pathway might be key process for the homeostasis of mitochondria. Therefore, chronic DNA damage and/or the activation of poly[adenosine diphosphate (ADP)-ribose] polymerase 1 (PARP1) could be a threat to the mitochondrial alterations. The PARP1 is an enzyme responding to the DNA damage, which might be also involved in the mitophagy. Interestingly, the PARP1 has been reported to play an important role in the longevity of lifespan, which has attracted growing attention with the social development. This review may provide a rationalized overview of the involvement of mitochondrial oxidative stresses in genetically defined accelerated ageing, progeroid syndromes, physiological ageing, and/or age-related diseases for the innovative therapeutic approaches.","PeriodicalId":72999,"journal":{"name":"Exploration of medicine","volume":"215 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135928765","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

A U.S. Food and Drug Administration perspective on cannabis research and drug development 美国食品和药物管理局对大麻研究和药物开发的看法

Exploration of medicine Pub Date : 2023-10-31 DOI: 10.37349/emed.2023.00179

Cassandra L. Taylor, Schuyler A. Pruyn

{"title":"A U.S. Food and Drug Administration perspective on cannabis research and drug development","authors":"Cassandra L. Taylor, Schuyler A. Pruyn","doi":"10.37349/emed.2023.00179","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37349/emed.2023.00179","url":null,"abstract":"Since the early 1970s, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has received over 800 investigational new drug applications (INDs) for, and pre-INDs pertaining to, research of cannabis or cannabis-derived products. The current data show that applications for research of these products submitted by both academic researchers and commercial developers focus on four major clinical areas: addiction and pain medicine (53%), neurology (19%), immunology and inflammation (14%), and psychiatry (9%). The product types studied have expanded greatly in recent years and include a wide variety of topical, inhalable, injectable, and oral products. In this article, the authors present a breakdown of cannabis and cannabis-derived applications received by the FDA over the past 50 years. The authors also provide a summary of their experience and challenges in reviewing applications for research of cannabis and cannabis-derived products, as well as recommendations for those interested in studying cannabis and cannabis-derived products in human clinical trials. This perspective article includes a discussion on important IND criteria, the pre-IND consultation program, drug master files (DMFs), and various guidance documents and resources. Lastly, the authors provide their perspective for the future of cannabis drug development.","PeriodicalId":72999,"journal":{"name":"Exploration of medicine","volume":"153 2","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135872300","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Figuring the characteristics of the Delta variant SARS-CoV-2 gene mutations in an Indonesian hospital: a descriptive study 确定印尼一家医院Delta型SARS-CoV-2基因突变特征:一项描述性研究

Exploration of medicine Pub Date : 2023-10-31 DOI: 10.37349/emed.2023.00181

Phey Liana, Muhammad Agung Maulana, Eny Rahmawati, Rouly Pola Pasaribu, Kemas Yakub Rahadiyanto, Nelda Aprilia Salim, Tungki Pratama Umar

{"title":"Figuring the characteristics of the Delta variant SARS-CoV-2 gene mutations in an Indonesian hospital: a descriptive study","authors":"Phey Liana, Muhammad Agung Maulana, Eny Rahmawati, Rouly Pola Pasaribu, Kemas Yakub Rahadiyanto, Nelda Aprilia Salim, Tungki Pratama Umar","doi":"10.37349/emed.2023.00181","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37349/emed.2023.00181","url":null,"abstract":"Aim: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a respiratory infection caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). The SARS-CoV-2 has undergone several mutations, and ultimately, Indonesia was designated the Asian epicenter of the pandemic in 2021 due to the emergence of Delta variant SARS-CoV-2. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the characteristics of the Delta variant SARS-CoV-2 gene mutations. Methods: This is a cross-sectional descriptive study to determine the mutation characteristics of the Delta variant SARS-CoV-2 with data collected from patients’ medical records and whole genome sequencing (WGS). Results: The forty-nine patients who contracted the Delta variant SARS-CoV-2 were mainly aged 31−45 years and female. Four sublineages were identified, namely AY.23 (69.39%), AY.24 (22.45%), B.1.617.2 (6.12%), and AY.62 (2.04%), with fever and malaise being the most common clinical manifestations (79.60%). Furthermore, the spike (S) protein was most frequently mutated (12 mutations), with mutations in the Delta variant SARS-CoV-2 membrane (M) protein, nucleocapsid (N) protein, open reading frame (ORF), and nonstructural protein (NSP) also identified. Conclusions: The most common Delta variant SARS-CoV-2 sublineage in the current study cohort was AY.23, with the S protein being most frequently mutated. Continuous genomic surveillance is required to contain future outbreaks or infection waves, especially during the COVID-19 pandemic.","PeriodicalId":72999,"journal":{"name":"Exploration of medicine","volume":"90 ","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135872311","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Recent advancements in skin cancer treatment: a critical review 皮肤癌治疗的最新进展:综述

Exploration of medicine Pub Date : 2023-10-31 DOI: 10.37349/emed.2023.00178

Rajat Goyal, Shaheen Husain, Kashish Wilson, Hitesh Chopra, Rakesh Pahwa, Mathumalar Loganathan, Rohit Sharma

引用次数: 0

Determinants of human longevity: input of environment, nutrition, physical activity, eustress, heredity, health care, motivation, and mental state 人类长寿的决定因素:环境、营养、体力活动、压力、遗传、保健、动机和精神状态的投入

Exploration of medicine Pub Date : 2023-10-30 DOI: 10.37349/emed.2023.00176

Renad I. Zhdanov, Rustem N. Khayrullin, Rovshan I. Khalilov, Aziz Eftekhari, Alexey S. Sozinov

{"title":"Determinants of human longevity: input of environment, nutrition, physical activity, eustress, heredity, health care, motivation, and mental state","authors":"Renad I. Zhdanov, Rustem N. Khayrullin, Rovshan I. Khalilov, Aziz Eftekhari, Alexey S. Sozinov","doi":"10.37349/emed.2023.00176","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37349/emed.2023.00176","url":null,"abstract":"The paper aims to review the possibilities of a complex transdisciplinary approach to forming health and longevity. Determinants of productive longevity (DPL) and health culture are reviewed; definitions of health, stress, and eustress, and their roles in active and productive longevity are given. DPL making a decisive contribution to the phenomenon of active longevity are stated and analyzed from the point of view of evidence-based medicine. They are as follows: 1) environmental factors including geographical location, “Blue zones”, and mountain areas, as well as level of the environmental pollution; 2) dietary regimen to support active longevity, including vegetarianism, calorie restriction, fasting, the role of vitamins, biological antioxidants, geroprotectors, and micronutrients; 3) importance of activity and eustress phenomenon, by other words, lifestyle: physical activity, sexual relationship, Qigong and Yoga practices, cognitive activity, sense of humor, and acceptance of age in activities of daily living and survival; 4) genetic and epigenetic particularities as a condition for long-living; 5) level of health care and early diagnostics to prevent age-associated diseases; 6) the role of the state of mind and meditation as well, how it is used for forming health due to Qigong and Yoga natural systems, in religion, and medical practice; 7) motivation for active longevity that significantly increases chances to productive longevity.","PeriodicalId":72999,"journal":{"name":"Exploration of medicine","volume":"230 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136068394","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Contemporary review: recognition, management, and screening for radiation-induced heart disease 当代综述:辐射诱发心脏病的识别、管理和筛查

Exploration of medicine Pub Date : 2023-10-30 DOI: 10.37349/emed.2023.00177

Chirag Mehta, Puneet Singh, Jess Brar

引用次数: 0

A successful case of maturogenesis by stepwise excavation using calcium-enriched mixture cement 富钙混合水泥分步开挖成熟发生的成功案例

Exploration of medicine Pub Date : 2023-10-27 DOI: 10.37349/emed.2023.00173

Saeed Asgary, Laleh Alim Marvasti

引用次数: 0

Cheiro-oral-pedal syndrome of the pons and the role of imaging in diagnosis and management 脑桥头-口-足综合征及其影像学诊断和治疗的作用

Exploration of medicine Pub Date : 2023-10-27 DOI: 10.37349/emed.2023.00174

Zachary I. Merhavy, Garrett D. Barfoot, Leah Dajani, Zainab Elmahmoud, Emmanuel Flores, Thomas C. Varkey

{"title":"Cheiro-oral-pedal syndrome of the pons and the role of imaging in diagnosis and management","authors":"Zachary I. Merhavy, Garrett D. Barfoot, Leah Dajani, Zainab Elmahmoud, Emmanuel Flores, Thomas C. Varkey","doi":"10.37349/emed.2023.00174","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37349/emed.2023.00174","url":null,"abstract":"The patient is a 58-year-old male who presented with chief complaints of right-sided numbness, tingling, and loss of temperature sensation in the upper and lower extremities. The patient’s symptoms began around the face and right corner of the mouth [maxillary/mandibular (V2/V3) distribution] before descending to the arm, trunk, and followed by the lower leg and foot. His home medication regimen included lisinopril, atorvastatin, long and short-acting insulin, and amlodipine. During the interview, the patient admitted to abstinence from his medications. Upon examination, the patient was found to have a loss of hot and cold touch on the right side and expressed 2+ reflexes (brisk response; normal) on both upper and lower extremities. In the initial work-up of the patient, he received a computed tomography (CT) scan which demonstrated an area of potential ischemic infarct of one of the left sided pontine perforator arteries. Immediately at that time he was given a loading dose of 325 mg aspirin and started on 81 mg daily. Because of the patient’s symptoms and risk factors, he was hospitalized for further additional work-up and eventually discharged on dual antiplatelet therapy. This case is intriguing as both neuroradiological reading and neurological examination helped with localization of the lesion and changing the treatment strategy of the patient. With a pontine perforator ischemic event, the harms of treatment with thrombolytics would have outweighed the benefits. This interprofessional work between neuroradiology, internal medicine, and neurology ensured that the patient received the best care for his specific ailments.","PeriodicalId":72999,"journal":{"name":"Exploration of medicine","volume":"83 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136318610","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Association of oral bacteriome and oral squamous cell carcinoma 口腔细菌群与口腔鳞状细胞癌的关系

Exploration of medicine Pub Date : 2023-10-27 DOI: 10.37349/emed.2023.00172

Karthika Panneerselvam, Sathish Kumar Mahadevan, Ramya Ramadoss, Rajkumar Krishnan, Mathan Mohan

引用次数: 0