Exercise, sport, & movement最新文献

{"title":"Linear Extrapolation and Extended Field-of-View Methods of Biceps Femoris Long Head Regional Architecture.","authors":"Caleb Sandberg, Jessica Vlisides, Quinlan Thompson, Scott K Crawford","doi":"10.1249/ESM.0000000000000071","DOIUrl":"10.1249/ESM.0000000000000071","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>This study compared extended field-of-view (EFOV) and traditional field-of-view (TFOV) methods for deriving fascicle length (FL), pennation angle (PA), and muscle thickness (MT) at proximal, mid-belly, and distal regions of the biceps femoris long head muscle.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Ultrasound images were obtained from 32 healthy participants (15 females and 17 males) using both EFOV and TFOV imaging techniques. FL was directly measured in EFOV images and derived from three separate linear extrapolation (LE) methods (termed equations A, B, and C) in TFOV images. PA and MT were also measured.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>FL measured with EFOV was significantly shorter at the mid-belly and distal regions (<i>P</i> < 0.001) compared with equation B but was not different from equations A and C. EFOV FL was different from equations A and C (<i>P</i> < 0.001) but not from equation B (<i>P</i> = 0.18) in the proximal region. EFOV and LE FL measures had moderate to strong correlation in the proximal (r = 0.45-0.71), mid-belly (r = 0.59-0.91), and distal regions (r = 0.44-0.87). PA was different between imaging techniques in the proximal and distal regions (<i>P</i> < 0.001), whereas MT was different at the distal region only (<i>P</i> < 0.001).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Agreement between EFOV and TFOV FL measurements depended upon both the muscle region and LE equation used. These differences are likely due to architectural variations along the biceps femoris long head and inherent geometric assumptions in LE methods. Care should be used when choosing measurement methods for muscle architecture. Our findings suggest researchers and clinicians without access to EFOV should use equation A with caution, since it has the least geometric constraints among LE methods when estimating nonvisible portions of the fascicle.</p>","PeriodicalId":72994,"journal":{"name":"Exercise, sport, & movement","volume":"4 4","pages":"e00071"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-08-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13521247/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148842319","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Erratum: Injury Surveillance in Early Specialized Adolescent Competitive Swimmers: A 4-Year Prospective Study: Corrigendum.","authors":"Takao Mise, Miwako Suzuki-Yamanaka, Yuiko Matsuura","doi":"10.1249/ESM.0000000000000069","DOIUrl":"10.1249/ESM.0000000000000069","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1249/ESM.0000000000000066.].</p>","PeriodicalId":72994,"journal":{"name":"Exercise, sport, & movement","volume":"4 4","pages":"e000069"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-07-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13390977/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148563952","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exercise Habits, Preferences, Barriers, and Facilitators in Midlife Women.","authors":"Marnie K McLean, Angela J Fong, Jacob M Haus, Catherine Kim, Lyndsey E DuBose, Abbi D Lane","doi":"10.1249/ESM.0000000000000065","DOIUrl":"10.1249/ESM.0000000000000065","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Menopause usually occurs in midlife and is associated with increased risk of chronic diseases, which can be lowered with exercise. Desired attributes and characteristics of exercise in midlife women are not well-studied. The purpose of this study was to assess exercise habits, preferences, barriers, and facilitators in midlife women.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In this cross-sectional study, women aged 45-55 yr were invited to participate in an online survey assessing menopause stage and exercise habits, preferences, and interests. Participants were recruited using social media and mass emails sent to employees from a large midwestern university. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, Poisson regression, and McNemar's test. Regression models included age, race, educational attainment, current physical activity, and past physical activity as independent variables.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Eight hundred fifty-seven women who met age screening criteria responded to the survey. Of the 857 total participants, 419 (49.1%) reported regular exercise participation of ≥30 min on most days per week, with most women reporting participation in light aerobic physical activity (668/857; 78.0%); 449 women (52.4%) reported that having a structured exercise program is helpful for participating in exercise. Factors associated with being highly active or active recently included greater physical activity level 1 yr ago (incidence rate ratio: 1.31, 95% confidence interval: 1.28-1.35; <i>P</i> = 0.00) and greater educational attainment (incidence rate ratio: 1.02, 95% confidence interval: 1.01-1.05; <i>P</i> = 0.004) in adjusted models. Lowering the risk of chronic diseases was rated as an important health outcome. Preferences were not different by menopause status.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Exercise programs could be structured and prioritize time-effectiveness and lowering the risk of chronic disease to appeal to midlife women. These data may inform the development of targeted exercise interventions.</p>","PeriodicalId":72994,"journal":{"name":"Exercise, sport, & movement","volume":"4 3","pages":"e00065"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-05-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13143370/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147846904","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nonexercise Equations for Cardiorespiratory Fitness in Older Adults using Body Roundness Index and Waist Circumference.","authors":"Hayley Chappell, Zachary Gilliam, Bryan Madero, Jenna Springer, Marco Pipoly, Kelsey L Baller, Chris Oehler, Jeffrey D Long, Gary L Pierce, Michelle W Voss","doi":"10.1249/ESM.0000000000000060","DOIUrl":"10.1249/ESM.0000000000000060","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF), quantified by oxygen consumption at maximal exercise (VO_2max), is an important indicator of general health status with aging and related chronic diseases. CRF prediction equations may be an acceptable form of estimating associated health risks when VO_2max cannot be measured. The purpose of this study was to describe new CRF prediction equations that utilize waist circumference (WC) and body roundness index (BRI) to improve CRF estimation in inactive older adults.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Secondary cross-sectional analyses of baseline data from two randomized controlled trials (Exercise Effects on Brain Health and Learning from Minutes to Months [EXTEND], <i>n</i> = 113; Effects of a Bicycling Intervention on Cognitive Skills and Cardiovascular Health [BIKE], <i>n</i> = 32) included inactive older adults without dementia aged 55-80 yr without psychiatric or cardiovascular diseases. Height, weight, WC, BRI, and body mass index were measured for each participant. Participants also completed the short-form International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ), the Self-Report Physical Activity Survey (SRPAS), and a maximal exercise test to determine VO_2max.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Four nonexercise equations estimating CRF were created using linear regression with the variables sex, age, and a combination of IPAQ and WC (eCRF1: <i>R</i> ² = 0.67, standard error [SE] = 4.18), SRPAS and WC (eCRF2: <i>R</i> ² = 0.63, SE = 6.49), SRPAS and BRI (eCRF3: <i>R</i> ² = 0.63, SE = 5.62), or IPAQ and BRI (eCRF4: <i>R</i> ² = 0.68, SE = 3.46) from EXTEND participants. When validated on out-of-sample BIKE participants, the four new equations were more highly correlated to measured VO_2max than previously established models (eCRF1: <i>R</i> ² = 0.45, constant error [CE] = 0.59; eCRF2: <i>R</i> ² = 0.42, CE = 1.30; eCRF3: <i>R</i> ² = 0.47, CE = 1.78; eCRF4: <i>R</i> ² = 0.52, CE = 0.84).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Equations using WC and BRI perform better for estimating CRF than equations using body mass index and resting heart rate in an inactive older adult population. These equations could be used to screen participants during study enrollment when specific estimates of CRF are desired for the study sample. However, these equations should be validated for use in clinical populations to stratify disease risk.</p>","PeriodicalId":72994,"journal":{"name":"Exercise, sport, & movement","volume":"4 1","pages":"e00060"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12721680/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145822047","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"<ArticleTitle xmlns:ns0=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\">Validation of a Time-to-Exhaustion-Derived <ns0:math> <ns0:mrow><ns0:mover><ns0:mtext>V</ns0:mtext> <ns0:mo>˙</ns0:mo></ns0:mover> <ns0:msub><ns0:mtext>O</ns0:mtext> <ns0:mrow><ns0:mn>2</ns0:mn> <ns0:mtext>max</ns0:mtext></ns0:mrow> </ns0:msub> </ns0:mrow> </ns0:math> Prediction Equation and Secondary Criteria Agreement: The CARDIA Study.","authors":"Bjoern Hornikel, Erin E Dooley, Barbara Sternfeld, Stephen Sidney, Cora E Lewis, David R Jacobs, Mercedes Carnethon, Kelley Pettee Gabriel","doi":"10.1249/esm.0000000000000047","DOIUrl":"10.1249/esm.0000000000000047","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Introduction: &lt;/strong&gt;Measuring maximal oxygen consumption &lt;math&gt; &lt;mrow&gt; &lt;mfenced&gt; &lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mover&gt;&lt;mtext&gt;V&lt;/mtext&gt; &lt;mo&gt;˙&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;/mover&gt; &lt;msub&gt;&lt;mtext&gt;O&lt;/mtext&gt; &lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mn&gt;2&lt;/mn&gt; &lt;mtext&gt;max&lt;/mtext&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt; &lt;/msub&gt; &lt;/mrow&gt; &lt;/mfenced&gt; &lt;/mrow&gt; &lt;/math&gt; during a graded exercise test (GXT) poses challenges in population-based studies. We examined the relationship between GXT duration (GXTd) and &lt;math&gt; &lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mover&gt;&lt;mtext&gt;V&lt;/mtext&gt; &lt;mo&gt;˙&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;/mover&gt; &lt;msub&gt;&lt;mtext&gt;O&lt;/mtext&gt; &lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mn&gt;2&lt;/mn&gt; &lt;mtext&gt;max&lt;/mtext&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt; &lt;/msub&gt; &lt;/mrow&gt; &lt;/math&gt; to create a prediction equation for estimating &lt;math&gt; &lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mover&gt;&lt;mtext&gt;V&lt;/mtext&gt; &lt;mo&gt;˙&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;/mover&gt; &lt;msub&gt;&lt;mtext&gt;O&lt;/mtext&gt; &lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mn&gt;2&lt;/mn&gt; &lt;mtext&gt;max&lt;/mtext&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt; &lt;/msub&gt; &lt;/mrow&gt; &lt;/math&gt; from GXTd. We also assessed the agreement among secondary &lt;math&gt; &lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mover&gt;&lt;mtext&gt;V&lt;/mtext&gt; &lt;mo&gt;˙&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;/mover&gt; &lt;msub&gt;&lt;mtext&gt;O&lt;/mtext&gt; &lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mn&gt;2&lt;/mn&gt; &lt;mtext&gt;max&lt;/mtext&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt; &lt;/msub&gt; &lt;/mrow&gt; &lt;/math&gt; criteria: respiratory exchange ratio (RER; ≥1.10), maximal heart rate (mHR; ≥85% age-predicted), and ratings of perceived exertion (RPE; &gt;17).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Methods: &lt;/strong&gt;Data include 580 Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults (CARDIA) participants (55.9% female, 38.6% Black) who attended the year 35 exam (age 54-66 yr) and completed a GXT with gas analysis. Pearson correlation coefficients were computed between GXTd (seconds) and &lt;math&gt; &lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mover&gt;&lt;mtext&gt;V&lt;/mtext&gt; &lt;mo&gt;˙&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;/mover&gt; &lt;msub&gt;&lt;mtext&gt;O&lt;/mtext&gt; &lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mn&gt;2&lt;/mn&gt; &lt;mtext&gt;max&lt;/mtext&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt; &lt;/msub&gt; &lt;/mrow&gt; &lt;/math&gt; (mL·kg&lt;sup&gt;-1&lt;/sup&gt;·min&lt;sup&gt;-1&lt;/sup&gt;). A regression equation was developed to predict &lt;math&gt; &lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mover&gt;&lt;mtext&gt;V&lt;/mtext&gt; &lt;mo&gt;˙&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;/mover&gt; &lt;msub&gt;&lt;mtext&gt;O&lt;/mtext&gt; &lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mn&gt;2&lt;/mn&gt; &lt;mtext&gt;max&lt;/mtext&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt; &lt;/msub&gt; &lt;/mrow&gt; &lt;/math&gt; from GXTd. Secondary criteria agreement was assessed using percent agreement, kappa, sensitivity/specificity, and receiver operating characteristics (ROC) analysis, excluding 38 participants on beta-blockers.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Results: &lt;/strong&gt;Mean (standard deviation) GXTd and &lt;math&gt; &lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mover&gt;&lt;mtext&gt;V&lt;/mtext&gt; &lt;mo&gt;˙&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;/mover&gt; &lt;msub&gt;&lt;mtext&gt;O&lt;/mtext&gt; &lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mn&gt;2&lt;/mn&gt; &lt;mtext&gt;max&lt;/mtext&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt; &lt;/msub&gt; &lt;/mrow&gt; &lt;/math&gt; were 341.6 (137.0) s and 26.6 (7.1) mL·kg&lt;sup&gt;-1&lt;/sup&gt;·min&lt;sup&gt;-1&lt;/sup&gt;, respectively, exhibiting a strong correlation &lt;math&gt;&lt;mo&gt;(&lt;/mo&gt; &lt;mi&gt;r&lt;/mi&gt; &lt;mo&gt;=&lt;/mo&gt; &lt;mn&gt;0.83&lt;/mn&gt; &lt;mo&gt;)&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;/math&gt; similar for male and female participants ( &lt;math&gt;&lt;mi&gt;r&lt;/mi&gt; &lt;mo&gt;=&lt;/mo&gt; &lt;mn&gt;0.81&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;/math&gt; and 0.80, respectively). The final prediction model included GXTd, body mass index, and physical activity status as significant &lt;math&gt; &lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mover&gt;&lt;mtext&gt;V&lt;/mtext&gt; &lt;mo&gt;˙&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;/mover&gt; &lt;msub&gt;&lt;mtext&gt;O&lt;/mtext&gt; &lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mn&gt;2&lt;/mn&gt; &lt;mtext&gt;max&lt;/mtext&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt; &lt;/msub&gt; &lt;/mrow&gt; &lt;/math&gt; predictors ( &lt;math&gt; &lt;msup&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mi&gt;R&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt; &lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mn&gt;2&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt; &lt;/msup&gt; &lt;mo&gt;=&lt;/mo&gt; &lt;mn&gt;0.72&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;/math&gt; ; bias = 0.14 mL·kg&lt;sup&gt;-1&lt;/sup&gt;·min&lt;sup&gt;-1&lt;/sup&gt;; 95% confidence interval (CI), -1.24 to 1.52). RER, mHR, and RPE thresholds were met by 90.8","PeriodicalId":72994,"journal":{"name":"Exercise, sport, & movement","volume":"3 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12692497/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145745888","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Determinants of Exercise Intolerance in Postural Orthostatic Tachycardia Syndrome: A Systematic Review.","authors":"Austin C Hogwood, Gerardina Abbate, Georgia Thomas, Roshanak Markley, Anna G Priday, Ross Arena, Antonio Abbate, Justin M Canada","doi":"10.1249/esm.0000000000000055","DOIUrl":"10.1249/esm.0000000000000055","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Context: </strong>Postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome (POTS) is characterized by increased heart rate (HR) with standing and is associated with dizziness, palpitations, and exercise intolerance, with poorly understood mechanisms.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>To review the literature on cardiorespiratory fitness in POTS, and explore possible determinants of exercise intolerance.</p><p><strong>Design: </strong>Systematic review of studies assessing exercise capacity in POTS.</p><p><strong>Eligibility criteria: </strong>Eligible studies were original prospective and retrospective cohort studies and randomized controlled trials investigating formal exercise assessments (maximal exercise duration with or without gas exchange oxygen consumption (VO₂) measures) in patients with established POTS using standard criteria.</p><p><strong>Study selection: </strong>A literature search revealed 199 unique studies, of which we identified 17 cohorts with 1321 subjects with POTS and 502 age- and sex-matched controls. Peak VO₂ was measured in 15 studies and exercise hemodynamics (stroke volume (SV), cardiac output) was measured in 10 studies.</p><p><strong>Main outcome measures: </strong>Outcome measures were peak VO₂, gas exchange parameters, and hemodynamics (i.e., HR, SV, cardiac output).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>All studies described higher HR at standing and submaximal exercise, with earlier peak HR in POTS. Peak VO₂ was reduced in 80% of studies, but only in 30% when matched for deconditioning. Seven of 10 studies (70%) reported reduced SV with standing/exercise versus controls, but only 10% showed reduced cardiac output. Intravenous fluids did not affect hemodynamics or peak VO₂. Exercise training, as well as propranolol, improved peak VO₂.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Patients with POTS reach peak HR faster. Increased HR accompanies reduced SV, but cardiac output is generally maintained or increased, making it unlikely to cause symptoms. Reducing HR may improve exercise capacity in POTS by delaying peak HR and reducing symptoms.</p>","PeriodicalId":72994,"journal":{"name":"Exercise, sport, & movement","volume":"3 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12680087/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145702542","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Adverse Events during a 12-Month Multisite Dose-Response Aerobic Exercise Intervention.","authors":"Eric D Vidoni, George Grove, Amanda N Szabo-Reed, Mickeal N Key, Haiqing Huang, Jeffrey M Burns, Charles H Hillman, John M Jakicic, Chaeryon Kang, Arthur F Kramer, Edward McAuley, Lu Wan, Tera Hawes, Sydney S White, Kirk I Erickson","doi":"10.1249/esm.0000000000000045","DOIUrl":"10.1249/esm.0000000000000045","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>This study aimed to assess the incidence of adverse events (AE) in older adults participating in a year-long exercise intervention, investigating potential dose-response relationships between exercise duration and AE frequency, and identifying demographic factors associated with AE risk.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A total of 648 older adults were randomized into one of three exercise groups: low-intensity stretching and toning (S&T), 150 minutes of aerobic exercise per week (150Ex), or 225 minutes of aerobic exercise per week (225Ex). Adverse events were tracked during the intervention, with event rates calculated based on participant adherence and time in the study. Generalized linear models were employed to compare AE incidence across groups. Post hoc comparisons were used to calculate incidence rate ratios (IRRs) for AE between groups, adjusting for multiple comparisons.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Overall, 306 AE were reported, with 44% related to the intervention. No significant dose-response relationship was observed for all-cause AE between groups. However, intervention-related AE were more frequent in the aerobic exercise groups. Participants in the 150Ex group had a 77% higher rate of intervention-related AE compared to the S&T group, and the 225Ex group had an 88% higher rate. Higher adherence was associated with fewer all-cause AE, and greater comorbid burden was associated with more AE.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>While aerobic exercise increased the risk of intervention-related AE, the overall risk of all-cause AEs was not found to be different across exercise intensities. Higher adherence to the exercise regimen was associated with fewer AE. These findings suggest aerobic exercise is generally safe in older adults, with the benefits outweighing the risks.</p>","PeriodicalId":72994,"journal":{"name":"Exercise, sport, & movement","volume":"3 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12302517/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144735835","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exercise as Vascular Medicine: Can Exercise Combat Negative Health Behaviors From Causing Endothelial Dysfunction?","authors":"Austin T Robinson, Nile F Banks, Nathaniel D M Jenkins","doi":"10.1249/esm.0000000000000054","DOIUrl":"10.1249/esm.0000000000000054","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Endothelial function is critical to cardiovascular health, regulating blood vessel function through the release of vasodilators and constrictors-namely, nitric oxide-controlling redox balance, platelet activation and aggregation, leukocyte adhesion, and proliferation of vascular smooth muscle. Vascular dysfunction, characterized by impaired endothelial function, significantly increases cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk. CVD is the leading cause of death in the United States and most of the world. Advancing age is a primary risk factor; however, several health behaviors influence vascular aging. Risk factors such as poor diet, a sedentary lifestyle, and poor sleep can reduce endothelial function, even early in life. Exercise has emerged as a protective factor that can potentially confer vascular protection in the context of negative health behaviors. In this review, we seek to address the importance of endothelial function for cardiovascular health, identify key risk factors and mechanisms that contribute to endothelial dysfunction, summarize the protective effects of exercise against endothelial dysfunction (including mechanisms), and highlight key knowledge gaps and future directions.</p>","PeriodicalId":72994,"journal":{"name":"Exercise, sport, & movement","volume":"3 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12499815/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145245926","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mechanistic Insight into Physical Activity Pleiotropy in Cancer Prevention.","authors":"Brooke M Bullard, Brandon N VanderVeen, Thomas D Cardaci, James A Carson, E Angela Murphy","doi":"10.1249/esm.0000000000000027","DOIUrl":"10.1249/esm.0000000000000027","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Although improvements in prevention and screening have curbed the incidence of some cancers, the global burden of cancer is substantial and continues to grow. The sustained high prevalence of many cancers reveals the need for additional strategies to reduce occurrence. Observational studies have linked physical inactivity to the risk of 13 different cancers. Indeed, physical activity can reduce the occurrence of several cancers by more than 20%, whereas sedentary behavior can increase cancer risk. Thus, physical activity presents a viable lifestyle intervention to reduce the global burden of cancer, and current research efforts are focused on establishing the effective physical activity mode and intensity for cancer prevention. Preclinical cancer studies have provided insight into the mechanisms mediating these effects. There is growing evidence that physical activity can 1) reduce the risk of obesity and, by extension, metabolic dysregulation; 2) improve immune surveillance and reduce inflammation; 3) enrich the colonic environment by favoring beneficial microbes and reducing transit time; and 4) regulate sex hormones. This graphical review describes the current state of knowledge on the benefits of physical activity for cancer prevention and associated plausible mechanisms.</p>","PeriodicalId":72994,"journal":{"name":"Exercise, sport, & movement","volume":"2 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12121945/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144183130","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Multisymptom Burden in Cancer Survivors: Benefits of Physical Activity.","authors":"Thomas D Cardaci, Brandon N VanderVeen, Brooke M Bullard, James A Carson, E Angela Murphy","doi":"10.1249/esm.0000000000000029","DOIUrl":"10.1249/esm.0000000000000029","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In contrast with other leading causes of mortality, the cancer death rate in the United States continues to decline, reflecting improvements in prevention, screening, and treatment. Despite these advances, there has been limited development of strategies to counter the unwanted and debilitating effects associated with cancer and its treatments. Indeed, syndromes including cachexia, cardiotoxicity, fatigue, and mucositis among others plague cancer survivors, leading to poor life quality and premature mortality. The systemic nature of these impairments creates a strong rationale for treatment strategies to mitigate syndromes affecting cancer survivors. Currently, however, there are limited treatments approved by the US Food and Drug Administration to counter the debilitating side effects of cancer and cancer treatments. In noncancer clinical populations, physical activity is a well-established strategy to increase muscle mass, improve cardiovascular health, enhance energy levels, and promote gut health. Although physical activity programs are widely encouraged for cancer survivors, researchers are just beginning to understand the physiological basis of their positive effects and how they can be maximized for different cancer populations and treatments. This graphical review describes the benefits of physical activity and associated mechanisms for ameliorating select side effects of cancer and its therapeutics.</p>","PeriodicalId":72994,"journal":{"name":"Exercise, sport, & movement","volume":"2 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12121944/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144182813","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}