Exercise, sport, & movement最新文献

{"title":"Adverse Events during a 12-Month Multisite Dose-Response Aerobic Exercise Intervention.","authors":"Eric D Vidoni, George Grove, Amanda N Szabo-Reed, Mickeal N Key, Haiqing Huang, Jeffrey M Burns, Charles H Hillman, John M Jakicic, Chaeryon Kang, Arthur F Kramer, Edward McAuley, Lu Wan, Tera Hawes, Sydney S White, Kirk I Erickson","doi":"10.1249/esm.0000000000000045","DOIUrl":"10.1249/esm.0000000000000045","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>This study aimed to assess the incidence of adverse events (AE) in older adults participating in a year-long exercise intervention, investigating potential dose-response relationships between exercise duration and AE frequency, and identifying demographic factors associated with AE risk.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A total of 648 older adults were randomized into one of three exercise groups: low-intensity stretching and toning (S&T), 150 minutes of aerobic exercise per week (150Ex), or 225 minutes of aerobic exercise per week (225Ex). Adverse events were tracked during the intervention, with event rates calculated based on participant adherence and time in the study. Generalized linear models were employed to compare AE incidence across groups. Post hoc comparisons were used to calculate incidence rate ratios (IRRs) for AE between groups, adjusting for multiple comparisons.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Overall, 306 AE were reported, with 44% related to the intervention. No significant dose-response relationship was observed for all-cause AE between groups. However, intervention-related AE were more frequent in the aerobic exercise groups. Participants in the 150Ex group had a 77% higher rate of intervention-related AE compared to the S&T group, and the 225Ex group had an 88% higher rate. Higher adherence was associated with fewer all-cause AE, and greater comorbid burden was associated with more AE.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>While aerobic exercise increased the risk of intervention-related AE, the overall risk of all-cause AEs was not found to be different across exercise intensities. Higher adherence to the exercise regimen was associated with fewer AE. These findings suggest aerobic exercise is generally safe in older adults, with the benefits outweighing the risks.</p>","PeriodicalId":72994,"journal":{"name":"Exercise, sport, & movement","volume":"3 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12302517/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144735835","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mechanistic Insight into Physical Activity Pleiotropy in Cancer Prevention.","authors":"Brooke M Bullard, Brandon N VanderVeen, Thomas D Cardaci, James A Carson, E Angela Murphy","doi":"10.1249/esm.0000000000000027","DOIUrl":"10.1249/esm.0000000000000027","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Although improvements in prevention and screening have curbed the incidence of some cancers, the global burden of cancer is substantial and continues to grow. The sustained high prevalence of many cancers reveals the need for additional strategies to reduce occurrence. Observational studies have linked physical inactivity to the risk of 13 different cancers. Indeed, physical activity can reduce the occurrence of several cancers by more than 20%, whereas sedentary behavior can increase cancer risk. Thus, physical activity presents a viable lifestyle intervention to reduce the global burden of cancer, and current research efforts are focused on establishing the effective physical activity mode and intensity for cancer prevention. Preclinical cancer studies have provided insight into the mechanisms mediating these effects. There is growing evidence that physical activity can 1) reduce the risk of obesity and, by extension, metabolic dysregulation; 2) improve immune surveillance and reduce inflammation; 3) enrich the colonic environment by favoring beneficial microbes and reducing transit time; and 4) regulate sex hormones. This graphical review describes the current state of knowledge on the benefits of physical activity for cancer prevention and associated plausible mechanisms.</p>","PeriodicalId":72994,"journal":{"name":"Exercise, sport, & movement","volume":"2 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12121945/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144183130","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Multisymptom Burden in Cancer Survivors: Benefits of Physical Activity.","authors":"Thomas D Cardaci, Brandon N VanderVeen, Brooke M Bullard, James A Carson, E Angela Murphy","doi":"10.1249/esm.0000000000000029","DOIUrl":"10.1249/esm.0000000000000029","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In contrast with other leading causes of mortality, the cancer death rate in the United States continues to decline, reflecting improvements in prevention, screening, and treatment. Despite these advances, there has been limited development of strategies to counter the unwanted and debilitating effects associated with cancer and its treatments. Indeed, syndromes including cachexia, cardiotoxicity, fatigue, and mucositis among others plague cancer survivors, leading to poor life quality and premature mortality. The systemic nature of these impairments creates a strong rationale for treatment strategies to mitigate syndromes affecting cancer survivors. Currently, however, there are limited treatments approved by the US Food and Drug Administration to counter the debilitating side effects of cancer and cancer treatments. In noncancer clinical populations, physical activity is a well-established strategy to increase muscle mass, improve cardiovascular health, enhance energy levels, and promote gut health. Although physical activity programs are widely encouraged for cancer survivors, researchers are just beginning to understand the physiological basis of their positive effects and how they can be maximized for different cancer populations and treatments. This graphical review describes the benefits of physical activity and associated mechanisms for ameliorating select side effects of cancer and its therapeutics.</p>","PeriodicalId":72994,"journal":{"name":"Exercise, sport, & movement","volume":"2 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12121944/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144182813","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Measurement of Psoas Major Correlating with Functional Performance in Asymptomatic Adults—An MRI and Ultrasound Study","authors":"Yean Chu, Chao-Yin Chen, Chung-Li Wang, Min-Hsuan Huang, Wei-Li Hsu, Dar-Ming Lai, Shwu-Fen Wang","doi":"10.1249/esm.0000000000000016","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1249/esm.0000000000000016","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Introduction/Purpose Contraction of the psoas major (PM) stabilizes the lumbar–pelvic–hip region. Most studies use invasive radiology and expensive tools to determine the muscle width (MW) and cross-sectional area (CSA) or to activate the PM. Few studies use dynamic ultrasound imaging (USI). This study establishes the reliability and validity of dynamic USI for the measurement of MW and CSA of the PM, compares the results of three different lumbar–pelvic–hip stabilization tasks for resting and contraction, and determines the correlation with functional performance. Methods The muscle CSA (CSA MRI ) and width (MW MRI ) of the PM at the level of the third lumbar vertebra were measured in 19 asymptomatic adults using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). USI was used for three tasks: pull-knee-approximate-hip, short lordosis, and active straight leg raise. The CSA (CSA USI ) and width (MW USI ) of the PM on the right side of body were measured using USI. On the same day, Timed Up and Go and five-repetition sit-to-stand (5R-STS) tests were used to determine functional performance. Results Reliability values for the MW USI and CSA USI were excellent for the three tasks. MW USI and CSA USI were significantly correlated with MW MRI and CSA MRI ( r = 0.71–0.99). All tasks significantly increased the MW USI and CSA USI for PM contraction. In terms of the relationship between functional performance and changes in MW USI or CSA USI (ΔCSA USI ), only ΔCSA USI was negatively correlated with the results for 5R-STS ( r = −0.49, P < 0.05). Conclusion USI is a highly reliable method to measure the PM. The tasks for this study activated PM contraction, but there was no significant difference in contraction for the tasks. Measuring PM using USI gives real-time dynamic information during muscle contraction with functional performance.","PeriodicalId":72994,"journal":{"name":"Exercise, sport, & movement","volume":"140 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136093067","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Plantar Flexor Weakness and Pain Sensitivity Cannot Be Assumed in Midportion Achilles Tendinopathy","authors":"Lauren K. Sara, Savannah B. Gutsch, Marie Hoeger Bement, Sandra K. Hunter","doi":"10.1249/esm.0000000000000017","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1249/esm.0000000000000017","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Introduction/Purpose The purpose of this study was to determine the following in persons with midportion Achilles tendinopathy (AT): 1) maximal strength and power; 2) neural drive during maximal contractions and contractile function during electrically evoked resting contractions; and 3) whether pain, neural drive, and contractile mechanisms contribute to differences in maximal strength. Methods Twenty-eight volunteers (14 AT, 14 controls) completed isometric, concentric, and eccentric maximal voluntary contractions (MVCs) of the plantar flexors in a Biodex™ dynamometer. Supramaximal electrical stimulation of the tibial nerve was performed to quantify neural drive and contractile properties of the plantar flexors. Pain sensitivity was quantified as the pressure-pain thresholds of the Achilles tendon, medial gastrocnemius, and upper trapezius. Results There were no differences in plantar flexion strength or power between AT and controls (isometric MVC: P = 0.95; dynamic MVC: P = 0.99; power: P = 0.98), nor were there differences in neural drive and contractile function ( P = 0.55 and P = 0.06, respectively). However, the mechanisms predicting maximal strength differed between groups: neural drive predicted maximal strength in controls ( P = 0.02) and contractile function predicted maximal strength in AT ( P = 0.001). Although pain did not mediate these relationships (i.e., between maximal strength and its contributing mechanisms), pressure-pain thresholds at the upper trapezius were higher in AT ( P = 0.02), despite being similar at the calf ( P = 0.24) and Achilles tendon ( P = 0.40). Conclusions There were no deficits in plantar flexion strength or power in persons with AT, whether evaluated isometrically, concentrically, or eccentrically. However, the mechanisms predicting maximal plantar flexor strength differed between groups, and systemic pain sensitivity was diminished in AT.","PeriodicalId":72994,"journal":{"name":"Exercise, sport, & movement","volume":"11 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136093063","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Adverse Event Assessment and Reporting in Exercise Oncology: A Review","authors":"Riley M. Dunn, Sandra C. Hayes, Carolina X. Sandler, Rosalind R. Spence","doi":"10.1249/esm.0000000000000014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1249/esm.0000000000000014","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Exercise oncology trials report few adverse events, but the extent to which these adverse events are assessed and reported has yet to be quantified. The aim of this review was to evaluate adverse events assessment and reporting in exercise oncology trials that informed the American College of Sports Medicine’s 2019 Exercise Guidelines for Cancer Survivors, the leading guidelines document in exercise oncology. All trials that inform the Exercise Guidelines for Cancer Survivors were sourced for evaluation. In total, 231 clinical trials were identified. Approximately one-in-two trials included no detail of adverse event assessment methods and did not report intervention-related harms. Trials that described an adverse event assessment protocol reported higher numbers of adverse events compared with trials that did not. Many trials reported that adverse events were related to exercise; however, the majority of the trials did not define how this relationship was determined. Although the benefit of exercise postcancer is well established, findings from this review highlight the inadequacies of adverse events reporting within the exercise oncology field. The development and evaluation of a standardized adverse events assessment and reporting protocol for use in exercise oncology trials is needed.","PeriodicalId":72994,"journal":{"name":"Exercise, sport, & movement","volume":"36 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135706219","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"T2 Hamstring Muscle Activation during the Single-Leg Roman Chair: Impact of Prior Injury","authors":"Bas Van Hooren, Juan Vicente-Mampel, Francisco Piqueras-Sanchiz, Luis Baraja-Vegas, Iker Javier Bautista","doi":"10.1249/esm.0000000000000015","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1249/esm.0000000000000015","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Introduction/Purpose Previous studies have shown inhibition of previously injured hamstrings during eccentric exercises, but it is unknown whether this effect is also present during an isometric position-control exercise such as the single-leg Roman chair hold (SLRCH). Methods This cross-sectional study investigated muscle activation during the SLRCH in individuals with prior hamstring injuries. Twelve recreationally active male soccer players and athletes performed the SLRCH with a five-repetition maximum load. Muscle activation was assessed using the transverse relaxation (T 2 ) time for the biceps femoris long and short heads (BF lh and BF sh ), semitendinosus (ST), semimembranosus, and adductor magnus and compared within and between legs. Muscle cross-sectional area (CSA) was also quantified. Results T 2 times significantly increased for all muscles except the adductor magnus in both legs. In both legs, the ST showed a significantly larger increase in T 2 time compared with all other muscles. The BF lh showed a significantly smaller increase in T 2 time in the injured leg compared with the uninjured leg (−7.1%), whereas there were no significant differences between legs for the other muscles. Muscle CSA for any of the muscles did not significantly differ between the injured and uninjured legs. Conclusion The ST was preferentially activated during the SLRCH in both the uninjured and injured legs, but the magnitude of preferential activation was smaller (~10%) than observed previously during eccentric exercises (~17%–30%). Furthermore, the BF lh in the previously injured leg was activated less compared with the BF lh in the uninjured leg, despite no differences in muscle CSA.","PeriodicalId":72994,"journal":{"name":"Exercise, sport, & movement","volume":"38 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135962824","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Novel Custom Cycle Ergometer Protocol to Determine V̇O2max: Validation with ACSM’s Cycle Ergometry Metabolic Equation","authors":"Dianne M. Lankford, Donald M. Cummings","doi":"10.1249/esm.0000000000000013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1249/esm.0000000000000013","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Introduction Protocols for determination of maximal oxygen consumption (V̇O 2max ) on a cycle ergometer should be easily administered while maximizing physiological efficiency and minimizing premature local muscle fatigue for individuals of variable fitness levels. Current protocols typically increase workload by adding resistance to the flywheel; however, increasing pedal rate later in the test, rather than resistance, may provide increased physiological efficiency, yielding a more valid determination of V̇O 2max . Purpose The purpose of this study was to design and validate a novel V̇O 2max cycle ergometer protocol that can be used for measuring and predicting submaximal oxygen consumption (V̇O 2 ) and V̇O 2max during exercise testing in healthy, asymptomatic adults. Methods Subjects ( n = 60, 19–60 yr old) performed a V̇O 2max test using the new cycle ergometer protocol. Workload increases were based on predetermined incremental target heart rates (ITHR) using heart rate reserve. Stages commenced at a workload of 150 kg · m · min −1 (0.5 kg, 50 rpm) and increased every 2 min by adding 0.5 or 1.0 kg resistance based on ITHR. When an ITHR representing ≥60% heart rate reserve was achieved, workloads increased by 10 rpm for subsequent stages. Pearson’s r was used to examine relationships between predicted (American College of Sports Medicine cycle equation) and measured V̇O 2 at workload intensities representing moderate, vigorous, and maximal exercise. Bland–Altman plots were used to display predicted and measured V̇O 2 at all exercise intensities and heart rate values at maximal exercise. Results There was a strong and statistically significant correlation between predicted and measured V̇O 2 at moderate ( r = 0.92, P < 0.001), vigorous ( r = 0.94, P < 0.001), and maximal ( r = 0.90, P < 0.001) exercise intensities. All subjects reached ≥90% of age-predicted maximum heart rate. Conclusion This novel cycle ergometer protocol was demonstrated to be a viable tool to predict and/or measure submaximal V̇O 2 and V̇O 2max in a population of healthy, asymptomatic adults.","PeriodicalId":72994,"journal":{"name":"Exercise, sport, & movement","volume":"50 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135469840","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"It’s a Balancing Act! Menopausal Symptoms in Competitive Weightlifters","authors":"M. Huebner, Wenjuan Ma","doi":"10.1249/esm.0000000000000012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1249/esm.0000000000000012","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 Athletes may be unprepared for the onset and duration of menopausal symptoms and how they affect training and competition goals. There are inconsistent results about physical activity and menopausal symptoms, and guidance for athletes is lacking.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 We aimed to study the reciprocal association of performance and weekly hours of weightlifting training with menopausal symptoms.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 Women reported the frequency of weightlifting training and additional physical activities, heaviest weight lifted, and menopausal symptoms using the validated Menopausal Rating Scale. An online survey was distributed by national governing bodies in 30 countries to female master weightlifters (ages 30 to 79 yr) in May 2022. Simultaneous equation models were used to provide reliable estimates in the presence of contemporaneous effects.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 Participants included 868 women, 178 postmenopausal. The proportions of moderate or more severe somato-vegetative symptoms and psychological symptoms were 25.7% and 46.5%, respectively. Better performance, defined as weight lifted relative to age and body weight, was associated with a lower score of menopausal symptoms (−0.51, P < 0.001); worse menopausal symptoms were associated with lower performance (−1.22 for somato-vegetative, −2.19 for psychological; P < 0.001). More hours of weightlifting training were associated with worse menopausal symptoms, whereas more hours of other physical activities were associated with worse somato-vegetative but not with psychological symptoms. Instrumental variables in the model were joint pain and protein tracking. The majority tracked their daily protein intake (62.8%) with a median of 1.9 g·kg−1 body mass.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 Somato-vegetative symptoms were less prevalent in weightlifters than in the general population. There is simultaneous feedback between sport performance and severity of menopausal symptoms. Athletes must balance training intensity and menopausal symptoms to achieve training goals.\u0000","PeriodicalId":72994,"journal":{"name":"Exercise, sport, & movement","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48735641","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sex Differences in Marathon Running: Physiology and Participation","authors":"Rachel A. Nesburg, Azara P. Mason, Brynn Fitzsimmons, S. K. Hunter","doi":"10.1249/esm.0000000000000010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1249/esm.0000000000000010","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":72994,"journal":{"name":"Exercise, sport, & movement","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43956009","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}