Epilepsy research and treatment最新文献

{"title":"Investigation of anti-Toxocara antibodies in epileptic patients and comparison of two methods: ELISA and Western blotting.","authors":"Mohammad Zibaei, Farzaneh Firoozeh, Parviz Bahrami, Seyed Mahmoud Sadjjadi","doi":"10.1155/2013/156815","DOIUrl":"10.1155/2013/156815","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The relationship between Toxocara infection and epilepsy was previously demonstrated by several case-control studies and case reports. These previous studies were often based on the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) using Toxocara excretory-secretory antigens, which are not specific due to cross-reactivity with other parasitic infections such as ascariasis, trichuriasis, and anisakiasis. An immunoblot analysis is highly specific and can detect low levels of Toxocara antibodies. Therefore, this assay may be useful in the identification of toxocariasis in epileptic patients. We examined patients who had epilepsy and healthy subjects for seropositivity for Toxocara infection by ELISA and Western blotting. Out of 85 epileptic patients, 10 (11.8%) and 3 (3.5%) persons exhibited Toxocara immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibodies responses by ELISA and by both techniques, respectively. Moreover, in the healthy group (n = 85), 3 (3.5%) persons were positive by ELISA, but none was detected by Western blotting. This study indicates that Toxocara infection is a risk factor for epilepsy in Iran. These findings strongly suggest the need to perform Western blotting immunodiagnosis, as well as the ELISA using Toxocara excretory-secretory antigens, to improve diagnosis of human toxocariasis in patients with epilepsy.</p>","PeriodicalId":72948,"journal":{"name":"Epilepsy research and treatment","volume":"2013 ","pages":"156815"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3654325/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"31459667","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Epileptic encephalopathies in children.","authors":"Brahim Tabarki,&nbsp;Giangennaro Coppola,&nbsp;Elaine Wirrell","doi":"10.1155/2013/505314","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2013/505314","url":null,"abstract":"1 Division of Neurology, Department of Pediatrics, Prince Sultan Military Medical City, P.O. Box 7897, Riyadh 11159, Saudi Arabia 2 Clinic of Child and Adolescent Neuropsychiatry, Medical School, University of Salerno, S.Giovanni e Ruggi Hospital, Largo d’Ippocrate, 84100 Salerno, Italy 3 Divisions of Child and Adolescent Neurology, Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, 200 1st Street SW No. W4, Rochester, MN 55905, USA","PeriodicalId":72948,"journal":{"name":"Epilepsy research and treatment","volume":"2013 ","pages":"505314"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1155/2013/505314","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"31770133","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sleep and epilepsy.","authors":"Andrea Romigi,&nbsp;E Bonanni,&nbsp;M Maestri","doi":"10.1155/2013/483248","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2013/483248","url":null,"abstract":"“Of all the joys which are slowly abandoning me, sleep is one of the most precious, though one of the most common, too. A man who sleeps but little and poorly, propped on many a cushion, has ample time to meditate upon this particular delight. I grant that the most perfect repose is almost necessarily a complement to love, that profound rest which is reflected in two bodies. But what interests me here is the specific mystery of sleep partaken of for itself alone, the inevitable plunge risked each night by the naked man, solitary and unarmed, into an ocean where everything changes, the colors, the densities, and even the rhythm of breathing, where we meet the dead …” [1].","PeriodicalId":72948,"journal":{"name":"Epilepsy research and treatment","volume":"2013 ","pages":"483248"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1155/2013/483248","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"31868150","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Update on temporal lobe epilepsy.","authors":"Seyed M Mirsattari,&nbsp;Warren T Blume","doi":"10.1155/2013/579487","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2013/579487","url":null,"abstract":"Although the most common and best studied of focal epilepsies, a substantial proportion of patients with temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) continue to have seizures despite medical therapy. Of these, surgery cannot be offered for most with bitemporal TLE while its effectiveness is limited in these and others because of memory and/or language concerns [1]. This up-to-date special edition contains a variety of valuable topics relative to TLE with the expectation that clues to unraveling this intractability will be found herein. \u0000 \u0000Focal epilepsy occurs in 60% of patients with epilepsy and TLE is the most common of these (J. F. Tellez-Zenteno and L. Hernandez-Ronquillo). These authors describe difficulties encountered by epidemiologists in identifying patients with TLE leading to a possible underestimation of this significant health care issue. \u0000 \u0000The description of TLE ictal semiology by Blair constitutes a useful introduction to this set of articles and may aid in distinguishing between mesial and neocortical temporal seizures. However, the several clinical features common to both mesial and neocortical TLE create a need for tests to distinguish these entities. As described by E. Bercovici et al., EEG and fMRI may aid in making this therapeutically important differentiation. Moreover, ictal semiology may vary considerably by age as documented for children by E. C. Wirrell et al. group and S. de Ribaupierre et al. and among the elderly by L. E. Morillo. \u0000 \u0000S. Raghavendra et al. provide comprehensive evidence that interictal and ictal EEG remain essential contributors to localization of epileptogenesis. The thorough review of scalp and invasive EEG with a section on its automated analysis by M. Javidan helpfully complements the aforementioned review, providing the reader with an up-to-date picture of this topic. Early identification of interictal-to-ictal transition may be assisted by the measure of desynchronisationdescribed by J. Pastor et al.; high desynchronisation levels were found in MRI-normal mesial temporal epilepsy patients. That simultaneous EEG-fMRI recording may facilitate disclosure of the neurobiology of ictal and interictal epileptiform discharges, which is described by S. M. Mirsattari's group (Z. Wang). \u0000 \u0000Neuropsychologists play major roles in assessment of patients with temporal lobe epilepsy: (1) in localisation of dysfunction, thus aiding epileptogenesis localisation and (2) prediction of any postsurgical impairment of function in memory or language as reviewed by M. P. McAndrews and M. Cohn. \u0000 \u0000Since the era of Wilder Penfield, a detailed pre- and postoperative memory evaluation has been considered requisite for temporal lobectomy consideration, especially when the left (language “dominant”) side is involved in epileptogenesis. The noninvasive fMRI, here described by C. Limotai and S. M. Mirsattari, may ultimately replace the Wada test to prognosticate the risk of significant postoperative memory decline. Fortunately, S. Oddo et al","PeriodicalId":72948,"journal":{"name":"Epilepsy research and treatment","volume":" ","pages":"579487"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1155/2013/579487","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40227415","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessing Systems of Care for US Children with Epilepsy/Seizure Disorder.","authors":"Mary Kay Kenney,&nbsp;Marie Mann","doi":"10.1155/2013/825824","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2013/825824","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Background. The proportion of US children with special health care needs (CSHCN) with epilepsy/seizure disorder who receive care in high-quality health service systems was examined. Methodology. We analyzed data for 40,242 CSHCN from the 2009-2010 National Survey of CSHCN and compared CSHCN with epilepsy/seizure disorder to CSHCN without epilepsy/seizure disorder. Measures included attainment rates for 6 federal quality indicators with comparisons conducted using chi square and logistic regression methods. In addition, CSHCN with epilepsy/seizure disorder were compared to CSHCN without epilepsy/seizure disorder on the basis of 14 unmet health care needs. Results. Lower attainment rates for receiving comprehensive care in a medical home and easily accessible community-based services were found for CSHCN with epilepsy/seizure disorder versus CSHCN without epilepsy/seizure disorder (medical home: 32% versus 43%; accessible community-based services: 50% versus 66%, resp.) in unadjusted analyses. Lower adjusted odds for these indicators as well as greater unmet need for specialists, dentistry, prescriptions, therapies, and mental health care were also found for CSHCN with epilepsy/seizure disorder. Conclusions. Further efforts are needed to improve attainment of high-quality health care services for CSHCN with epilepsy/seizure disorders. </p>","PeriodicalId":72948,"journal":{"name":"Epilepsy research and treatment","volume":"2013 ","pages":"825824"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1155/2013/825824","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"31862166","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Why are seizures rare in rapid eye movement sleep? Review of the frequency of seizures in different sleep stages.","authors":"Marcus Ng,&nbsp;Milena Pavlova","doi":"10.1155/2013/932790","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2013/932790","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Since the formal characterization of sleep stages, there have been reports that seizures may preferentially occur in certain phases of sleep. Through ascending cholinergic connections from the brainstem, rapid eye movement (REM) sleep is physiologically characterized by low voltage fast activity on the electroencephalogram, REMs, and muscle atonia. Multiple independent studies confirm that, in REM sleep, there is a strikingly low proportion of seizures (~1% or less). We review a total of 42 distinct conventional and intracranial studies in the literature which comprised a net of 1458 patients. Indexed to duration, we found that REM sleep was the most protective stage of sleep against focal seizures, generalized seizures, focal interictal discharges, and two particular epilepsy syndromes. REM sleep had an additional protective effect compared to wakefulness with an average 7.83 times fewer focal seizures, 3.25 times fewer generalized seizures, and 1.11 times fewer focal interictal discharges. In further studies REM sleep has also demonstrated utility in localizing epileptogenic foci with potential translation into postsurgical seizure freedom. Based on emerging connectivity data in sleep, we hypothesize that the influence of REM sleep on seizures is due to a desynchronized EEG pattern which reflects important connectivity differences unique to this sleep stage. </p>","PeriodicalId":72948,"journal":{"name":"Epilepsy research and treatment","volume":"2013 ","pages":"932790"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1155/2013/932790","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"31580681","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Excessive daytime sleepiness and epilepsy: a systematic review.","authors":"Andre S Giorelli,&nbsp;Pâmela Passos,&nbsp;Thiago Carnaval,&nbsp;Marleide da Mota Gomes","doi":"10.1155/2013/629469","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2013/629469","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Background. Sleep complaints are common in patients with epilepsy (PWE). Excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS) is one of the most reported complaints and its impact is still a matter of debate. Objective. Evaluate the relationship between EDS and epilepsy, with emphasis on prevalence, assessment, and causes. Methods. A systematic review on PubMed database in the last 10 years (2002 to 2012). The search returned 53 articles and 34 were considered relevant. After citation analysis, 3 more articles were included. Results. Most studies were cross-sectional and questionnaire based. 14 papers addressed EDS as the primary endpoint. 14 adult and 3 children studies used subjective and objective analysis as methodology. The number of studies increased throughout the decade, with 21 in the last 5 years. Adult studies represent almost three times the number of children studies. EDS prevalence in PWE varies from 10 to 47.5%. Prevalence was higher in developing countries. Conclusion. EDS seems to be related more frequently to undiagnosed sleep disorders than to epilepsy-related factors, and although it affects the quality of life of PWE, it can be improved by treating comorbid primary sleep disorders. </p>","PeriodicalId":72948,"journal":{"name":"Epilepsy research and treatment","volume":"2013 ","pages":"629469"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1155/2013/629469","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"31913730","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Electroencephalogram of age-dependent epileptic encephalopathies in infancy and early childhood.","authors":"Lily C Wong-Kisiel, Katherine Nickels","doi":"10.1155/2013/743203","DOIUrl":"10.1155/2013/743203","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Epileptic encephalopathy syndromes are disorders in which the epileptiform abnormalities are thought to contribute to a progressive cerebral dysfunction. Characteristic electroencephalogram findings have an important diagnostic value in classification of epileptic encephalopathy syndromes. In this paper, we focus on electroencephalogram findings of childhood epileptic encephalopathy syndromes and provide sample illustrations. </p>","PeriodicalId":72948,"journal":{"name":"Epilepsy research and treatment","volume":"2013 ","pages":"743203"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3760116/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"31722983","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Vitamin-responsive epileptic encephalopathies in children.","authors":"Satish Agadi,&nbsp;Michael M Quach,&nbsp;Zulfi Haneef","doi":"10.1155/2013/510529","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2013/510529","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Untreated epileptic encephalopathies in children may potentially have disastrous outcomes. Treatment with antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) often may not control the seizures, and even if they do, this measure is only symptomatic and not specific. It is especially valuable to identify potential underlying conditions that have specific treatments. Only a few conditions have definitive treatments that can potentially modify the natural course of disease. In this paper, we discuss the few such conditions that are responsive to vitamin or vitamin derivatives. </p>","PeriodicalId":72948,"journal":{"name":"Epilepsy research and treatment","volume":"2013 ","pages":"510529"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1155/2013/510529","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"31689854","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Metabolic causes of epileptic encephalopathy.","authors":"Joe Yuezhou Yu,&nbsp;Phillip L Pearl","doi":"10.1155/2013/124934","DOIUrl":"10.1155/2013/124934","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Epileptic encephalopathy can be induced by inborn metabolic defects that may be rare individually but in aggregate represent a substantial clinical portion of child neurology. These may present with various epilepsy phenotypes including refractory neonatal seizures, early myoclonic encephalopathy, early infantile epileptic encephalopathy, infantile spasms, and generalized epilepsies which in particular include myoclonic seizures. There are varying degrees of treatability, but the outcome if untreated can often be catastrophic. The importance of early recognition cannot be overemphasized. This paper provides an overview of inborn metabolic errors associated with persistent brain disturbances due to highly active clinical or electrographic ictal activity. Selected diseases are organized by the defective molecule or mechanism and categorized as small molecule disorders (involving amino and organic acids, fatty acids, neurotransmitters, urea cycle, vitamers and cofactors, and mitochondria) and large molecule disorders (including lysosomal storage disorders, peroxisomal disorders, glycosylation disorders, and leukodystrophies). Details including key clinical features, salient electrophysiological and neuroradiological findings, biochemical findings, and treatment options are summarized for prominent disorders in each category.</p>","PeriodicalId":72948,"journal":{"name":"Epilepsy research and treatment","volume":"2013 ","pages":"124934"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1155/2013/124934","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"31503617","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}