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The Metaverse in Industry 5.0: A Human-Centric Approach towards Personalized Value Creation 工业5.0中的元宇宙:以人为中心的个性化价值创造方法

Encyclopedia Pub Date : 2023-09-04 DOI: 10.3390/encyclopedia3030080

Dimitris Mourtzis

引用次数: 0

Merging Smart and Healthy Cities to Support Community Wellbeing and Social Connection 融合智慧和健康城市，支持社区福祉和社会联系

Encyclopedia Pub Date : 2023-08-31 DOI: 10.3390/encyclopedia3030078

S. Thompson, Homa Rahmat, Nancy Marshall, Christine Steinmetz-Weiss, Kate Bishop, Linda Corkery, Miles Park, C. Tietz

{"title":"Merging Smart and Healthy Cities to Support Community Wellbeing and Social Connection","authors":"S. Thompson, Homa Rahmat, Nancy Marshall, Christine Steinmetz-Weiss, Kate Bishop, Linda Corkery, Miles Park, C. Tietz","doi":"10.3390/encyclopedia3030078","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/encyclopedia3030078","url":null,"abstract":"Urban planning has long pursued the improvement of health and wellbeing through the rapidly evolving scholarship and practice of health-supportive environments, underpinned by the seminal World Health Organization’s Healthy Cities Framework. Although a much more recent development, technology has been informing urban planning, as well as advancing healthcare and personal wellbeing monitoring and assessment. Known as the Smart City movement, it has much to offer regarding life in towns and cities, as well as how they are managed, maintained, and developed. There is also a growing appreciation of the potential for smart city technology to enhance human and environmental health in the context of urban planning and public place making. This has been reinforced by the COVID-19 pandemic with its reawakening of community interest in health and wellbeing, including mental illness, a greater awareness of the importance of local environments, and an explosion of technological knowhow in the embrace of remote working, online shopping, and education. Using the example of the authors’ “Smart Social Spaces” project, this entry discusses the potential benefits of an evolving integrative concept called “Smart Healthy Social Spaces”. The aim is to support community wellbeing as part of everyday living, especially associated with social connection, in densely populated and culturally diverse urban environments, where locally situated public spaces are increasingly important for all citizens.","PeriodicalId":72905,"journal":{"name":"Encyclopedia","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46268624","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Kidney Issues Associated with COVID-19 Disease 与新冠肺炎疾病相关的肾脏问题

Encyclopedia Pub Date : 2023-08-31 DOI: 10.3390/encyclopedia3030079

P. Dousdampanis, A. Mouzaki, K. Trigka, I. Stefanidis, Konstantinos-Eugenios Galanopoulos, Ioannis-Santo Siavelis, Dionysia Stathopoulou, S. Assimakopoulos

{"title":"Kidney Issues Associated with COVID-19 Disease","authors":"P. Dousdampanis, A. Mouzaki, K. Trigka, I. Stefanidis, Konstantinos-Eugenios Galanopoulos, Ioannis-Santo Siavelis, Dionysia Stathopoulou, S. Assimakopoulos","doi":"10.3390/encyclopedia3030079","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/encyclopedia3030079","url":null,"abstract":"Infection with SARS-CoV-2 and the resulting COVID-19 can cause both lung and kidney damage. SARS-CoV-2 can directly infect renal cells expressing ACE2 receptors, resulting in kidney damage, and acute kidney injury (AKI) has been reported in COVID-19 hospitalized patients. The pathophysiology of COVID-19-associated AKI is multifactorial. Local and systemic inflammation, immune system dysregulation, blood coagulation disorders, and activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) are factors that contribute to the development of AKI in COVID 19 disease. COVID-19 patients with kidney involvement have a poor prognosis, and patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) infected with SARS-CoV-2 have an increased mortality risk. CKD patients with COVID-19 may develop end-stage renal disease (ESRD) requiring dialysis. In particular, patients infected with SARS-CoV-2 and requiring dialysis, as well as patients who have undergone kidney transplantation, have an increased risk of mortality and require special consideration. Nephrologists and infectious disease specialists face several clinical dilemmas in the prophylaxis and treatment of CKD patients with COVID-19. This entry presents recent data showing the effects of COVID-19 on the kidneys and CKD patients and the challenges in the management of CKD patients with COVID-19, and discusses treatment strategies for these patients.","PeriodicalId":72905,"journal":{"name":"Encyclopedia","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47375693","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The Infusion of Gamification in Promoting Chemical Engineering Laboratory Classes 游戏化在化工实验课教学中的渗透

Encyclopedia Pub Date : 2023-08-31 DOI: 10.3390/encyclopedia3030077

J. Okolie, P. Okoye

{"title":"The Infusion of Gamification in Promoting Chemical Engineering Laboratory Classes","authors":"J. Okolie, P. Okoye","doi":"10.3390/encyclopedia3030077","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/encyclopedia3030077","url":null,"abstract":"Active learning strategies are increasingly implemented in chemical engineering education, yet challenges persist in stimulating student participation and motivation. The rigorous demands placed on students in this field, from complex practical requirements to extensive programming and computational skills, underscore the need for innovative educational tools. Gamification emerges as a pivotal instrument in this context, fostering active student engagement, enhancing practical application of knowledge, increasing motivation, and providing a more precise assessment of student comprehension. These educational games serve as a powerful adjunct to traditional teaching strategies, equipping students with necessary skills for their future careers in the field. These games include laboratory course games, process simulators, games used in foundational courses, and those centered around reaction kinetics. This entry primarily investigates the various games employed to bolster student learning during chemical engineering laboratory courses. A thorough analysis is conducted on the survey of existing games used specifically in chemical engineering labs. The gamut of games discussed includes escape games, along with Virtual Reality (VR) and Augmented Reality (AR) games, all aiming to enhance laboratory experiences in areas such as fluid mechanics, organic reactions, and process control. This entry concludes by examining the prospective trajectory of gamification in chemical engineering labs, offering insights into future potential and advancements in this innovative educational approach.","PeriodicalId":72905,"journal":{"name":"Encyclopedia","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44879534","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Environmental Design for People Living with Dementia 痴呆症患者的环境设计

Encyclopedia Pub Date : 2023-08-30 DOI: 10.3390/encyclopedia3030076

M. Quirke, Kirsty A Bennett, H. Chau, Terri Preece, E. Jamei

引用次数: 0

Social Cohesion: Definitions, Causes and Consequences 社会凝聚力：定义、原因和后果

Encyclopedia Pub Date : 2023-08-29 DOI: 10.3390/encyclopedia3030075

Louis Moustakas

引用次数: 0

Affective Economy: A Theoretical Outline 情感经济：一个理论纲要

Encyclopedia Pub Date : 2023-08-25 DOI: 10.3390/encyclopedia3030074

M. Fontefrancesco

{"title":"Affective Economy: A Theoretical Outline","authors":"M. Fontefrancesco","doi":"10.3390/encyclopedia3030074","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/encyclopedia3030074","url":null,"abstract":"The affective economy is a concept that emerged within the field of social sciences, focusing on the interplay between emotions, affects, and economic processes. It explores how emotions and affective experiences shape economic practices, consumption patterns, and the production of goods and services. In the affective economy framework, emotions are seen as not merely individual but deeply embedded in social and political contexts, shaping and being shaped by social structures and power dynamics. The affective economy emphasizes how emotions circulate and contribute to the construction and maintenance of social orders, impacting economic actions. It acknowledges the profound impact of emotions and affects on economic behavior. Thus, this concept sheds light on the intricate relationship between emotions and economic processes, demonstrating how affective experiences influence consumption, production, labor, financial decisions, and the overall dynamics of the market economy. It emphasizes the need for a more nuanced understanding of human behavior in economic contexts, recognizing the significance of emotions and affective responses as integral components of economic activities. This concept is connected to notions of dwelling, topophilia, and affective atmospheres, providing insights into the complexities of economic transactions in diverse cultural contexts.","PeriodicalId":72905,"journal":{"name":"Encyclopedia","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43883977","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Financial Interdependence: A Social Perspective 金融相互依赖：一个社会视角

Encyclopedia Pub Date : 2023-08-23 DOI: 10.3390/encyclopedia3030072

Jeffrey Anvari-Clark, Julie Miller

引用次数: 0

Positioning Theory in Education 教育定位理论

Encyclopedia Pub Date : 2023-08-23 DOI: 10.3390/encyclopedia3030073

S. Felix, Sikunder Ali

{"title":"Positioning Theory in Education","authors":"S. Felix, Sikunder Ali","doi":"10.3390/encyclopedia3030073","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/encyclopedia3030073","url":null,"abstract":"Positioning theory is a social theorization that aims to capture the dynamic analysis of conversations and discourses taking place in a social setting. Conversations as part of language assume interlocutors. As one engages in the interactive speech acts in the social setting, there comes the importance of interlocutors involved in these speech acts in creating a social reality, as language forms the knowledge of reality. Certain types of rights and duties can be observed in interactions between speakers and hearers in a social communicative context of interlocutors. The cluster of rights and duties, recognized in a certain social setting, can be termed as a position. One of the critical aspects is that positions are not always intentional or even conscious. Therefore, positioning theory has been redefined as a method of analysis with a focus on storylines. Storylines reveal implicit ascriptions and resistances of rights and duties through the performance of a variety of actions in a social setting where appropriateness of social acts are established and recognized by the participants engaged within the social situation. The education setting presents a dynamic situation where a variety of moral orders come into actions that set possibilities for different actors to engage in shifting positioning to accomplish certain educational actions. This entry presents the use of positioning theory in an educational setting.","PeriodicalId":72905,"journal":{"name":"Encyclopedia","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42821050","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Benefits of Judo Training for Brain Functions Related to Physical and Cognitive Performance in Older Adults 柔道训练对老年人身体和认知表现相关大脑功能的益处

Encyclopedia Pub Date : 2023-08-17 DOI: 10.3390/encyclopedia3030071

T. Yamasaki

{"title":"Benefits of Judo Training for Brain Functions Related to Physical and Cognitive Performance in Older Adults","authors":"T. Yamasaki","doi":"10.3390/encyclopedia3030071","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/encyclopedia3030071","url":null,"abstract":"Judo is a well-known Japanese martial art that also features in Olympic games. Recently, an increasing interest has been observed in the application of judo as a multicomponent exercise, with a growing body of evidence showing that this feature improves physical and cognitive performance in older adults. Therefore, this review highlights the benefits of judo training in preventing physical and cognitive decline in older adults. Specifically, first, this review outlines the basic characteristics of judo (philosophy, match, and training). Subsequently, prior research examining the impacts of judo training on the physical and cognitive aspects of elderly individuals is reviewed. Thereafter, the brain mechanisms underlying the effects of judo training in improving physical and cognitive performance are discussed. Throughout this review, judo training demonstrated some positive effects on physical (gait and balance, among others) and cognitive (memory and executive function) function in older adults. These positive effects are attributed to a variety of changes in the brain (e.g., increased neurotrophic factor expression and increased cerebral blood flow, among others) that affect different brain regions and networks both functionally and structurally. From these findings, this review concludes that judo training can be an effective way to maintain and prevent physical and cognitive decline in older adults.","PeriodicalId":72905,"journal":{"name":"Encyclopedia","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46630494","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0