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Polymer-Ceramic Composite for Manufacturing Dielectric Parts of Low-Thrust Space Engines 用于制造低推力空间发动机介电部件的聚合物-陶瓷复合材料
IF 0.3 4区 物理与天体物理
Physics of Atomic Nuclei Pub Date : 2025-02-22 DOI: 10.1134/S1063778824090394
S. A. Sitnikov, A. N. Astapov, M. D. Danilov, A. V. Melnikov, O. A. Butusova, N. A. Bulychev
{"title":"Polymer-Ceramic Composite for Manufacturing Dielectric Parts of Low-Thrust Space Engines","authors":"S. A. Sitnikov,&nbsp;A. N. Astapov,&nbsp;M. D. Danilov,&nbsp;A. V. Melnikov,&nbsp;O. A. Butusova,&nbsp;N. A. Bulychev","doi":"10.1134/S1063778824090394","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S1063778824090394","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Heat-resistant dielectric composite materials based on organosilicon polymers for the manufacture of parts for low-thrust space engines, for example, the discharge chamber of a high-frequency ion engine, which is one of the types of electric rocket engines, have been synthesized and their properties have been studied. A composition of a polymer-ceramic material based on dimethylsiloxane rubber reinforced with α-phase silicon dioxide powder has been proposed. The composite meets a wide range of requirements for the material of discharge chambers, among which vibration resistance, radio transparency, and heat resistance up to 400°C should be highlighted. A relationship has been established between the heating rate during postvulcanization of a polymer-ceramic composite and its mass loss. It has been shown that the temperature regime during re-vulcanization/annealing of the composite in vacuum significantly affects the operational properties of the discharge chambers. The results of the study have allowed us to successfully produce samples of discharge chambers from this composite for a laboratory model of a high-frequency ion engine with a beam diameter of 100 mm.</p>","PeriodicalId":728,"journal":{"name":"Physics of Atomic Nuclei","volume":"87 11","pages":"1609 - 1613"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2025-02-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143471875","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Developing an Amplifier for a 2.8 GHz Klystron Pulse Generator and Driver 2.8 GHz速调管脉冲产生与驱动放大器的研制
IF 0.3 4区 物理与天体物理
Physics of Atomic Nuclei Pub Date : 2025-02-22 DOI: 10.1134/S1063778824100090
M. S. Dmitriev, M. V. D’yakonov, S. A. Tumanov
{"title":"Developing an Amplifier for a 2.8 GHz Klystron Pulse Generator and Driver","authors":"M. S. Dmitriev,&nbsp;M. V. D’yakonov,&nbsp;S. A. Tumanov","doi":"10.1134/S1063778824100090","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S1063778824100090","url":null,"abstract":"<p>A prototype amplifier with operating frequency <i>f</i> = 2.8 GHz for a pulsed RF power supply of high-power amplifying klystrons is developed. The amplifier’s block diagram is developed. Board topologies are proposed for each amplifier module. Model amplifier modules are assembled and adjusted. The model amplifier is assembled and tested.</p>","PeriodicalId":728,"journal":{"name":"Physics of Atomic Nuclei","volume":"87 11","pages":"1658 - 1664"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2025-02-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143471925","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Project of a High Efficiency Small-Sized Laser Neutron Generator 高效小型激光中子发生器项目
IF 0.3 4区 物理与天体物理
Physics of Atomic Nuclei Pub Date : 2025-02-22 DOI: 10.1134/S1063778824090199
K. I. Kozlovsky, E. D. Vovchenko, A. A. Isaev, E. A. Morozova, A. E. Shikanov
{"title":"Project of a High Efficiency Small-Sized Laser Neutron Generator","authors":"K. I. Kozlovsky,&nbsp;E. D. Vovchenko,&nbsp;A. A. Isaev,&nbsp;E. A. Morozova,&nbsp;A. E. Shikanov","doi":"10.1134/S1063778824090199","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S1063778824090199","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The project of a small-sized pulsed neutron generator with a laser deuteron source with magnetic isolation has been proposed with a modification of a pulsed high-voltage Tesla transformer used as the accelerating voltage source. In this case, the electronic conductivity is suppressed by the magnetic field excited in the primary circuit of the transformer. The electrodynamic parameters of the generator diode system have been estimated. The possibility of neutron generation using the Li(<i>p</i>, <i>n</i>)Be nuclear reaction has been shown, which opens up prospects for the effective use of the neutron generator in radiation therapy.</p>","PeriodicalId":728,"journal":{"name":"Physics of Atomic Nuclei","volume":"87 11","pages":"1645 - 1648"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2025-02-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143471851","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Features of Fast Output Energy Regulation in a Linear Accelerator for Proton Therapy 质子治疗直线加速器快速输出能量调节的特点
IF 0.3 4区 物理与天体物理
Physics of Atomic Nuclei Pub Date : 2025-02-22 DOI: 10.1134/S1063778824090242
L. Yu. Ovchinnikova, A. P. Durkin, V. V. Paramonov
{"title":"Features of Fast Output Energy Regulation in a Linear Accelerator for Proton Therapy","authors":"L. Yu. Ovchinnikova,&nbsp;A. P. Durkin,&nbsp;V. V. Paramonov","doi":"10.1134/S1063778824090242","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S1063778824090242","url":null,"abstract":"<p>In the paper, the results of studies of processes during fast output energy regulation of a linear accelerator for proton-beam therapy during one RF pulse have been summarized. Both the features of the formation of the required RF power pulse and the propagation of the RF pulse in an inertialess dispersed structure on a traveling wave have been considered. Particular attention has been paid to the dynamics of particles in a nonstationary electromagnetic RF field. The use of the considered regulation method will allow a multiple increase in the scanning speed along the depth of the irradiated object.</p>","PeriodicalId":728,"journal":{"name":"Physics of Atomic Nuclei","volume":"87 11","pages":"1632 - 1635"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2025-02-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143471828","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Using Time-Resolved Microscopy to Investigate Subcellular Hyperthermia 利用时间分辨显微镜研究亚细胞热效应
IF 0.3 4区 物理与天体物理
Physics of Atomic Nuclei Pub Date : 2025-02-22 DOI: 10.1134/S1063778824100302
I. V. Markova, A. V. Ryabova, D. V. Pominova, I. D. Romanishkin, K. G. Linkov
{"title":"Using Time-Resolved Microscopy to Investigate Subcellular Hyperthermia","authors":"I. V. Markova,&nbsp;A. V. Ryabova,&nbsp;D. V. Pominova,&nbsp;I. D. Romanishkin,&nbsp;K. G. Linkov","doi":"10.1134/S1063778824100302","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S1063778824100302","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The authors investigate patterns of the laser heating of iron oxide nanoparticles depending on their size, shape, and aggregation at the subcellular level. Temperature is measured via time-resolved fluorescence thermometry based on rhodamine B dye. Estimated temperatures are over 100°C, creating favorable conditions for the programmed cell death of tumor cells upon laser hyperthermia.</p>","PeriodicalId":728,"journal":{"name":"Physics of Atomic Nuclei","volume":"87 11","pages":"1754 - 1758"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2025-02-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143471830","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Lutetium Fluoride (LuF3) Nanoparticles As Promising Nanoradiosensitizers for Melanoma Therapy 氟化镥（LuF3）纳米颗粒作为黑色素瘤治疗的有前途的纳米放射增敏剂
IF 0.3 4区 物理与天体物理
Physics of Atomic Nuclei Pub Date : 2025-02-22 DOI: 10.1134/S1063778824100521
D. A. Vinnik, M. V. Romanov, S. N. Koryakin, V. K. Ivanov, A. L. Popov
{"title":"Lutetium Fluoride (LuF3) Nanoparticles As Promising Nanoradiosensitizers for Melanoma Therapy","authors":"D. A. Vinnik,&nbsp;M. V. Romanov,&nbsp;S. N. Koryakin,&nbsp;V. K. Ivanov,&nbsp;A. L. Popov","doi":"10.1134/S1063778824100521","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S1063778824100521","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Results are presented from studying physicochemical characteristics and radiosensitizing properties of a new type of lutetium fluoride (LuF<sub>3</sub>) nanoparticle as a promising nanoradiosensitizer for X-ray irradiation of B16/F10 melanoma cells. A comprehensive analysis is performed of functional characteristics of synthesized LuF<sub>3</sub> nanoparticles, their cytotoxicity, and their radiosensitizing effect in vitro. It is shown that LuF<sub>3</sub> nanoparticles have a hydrodynamic diameter of less than 200 nm. Colloidal sol obtained on their basis is highly stable as a result of using the biocompatible stabilizer ammonium citrate. LuF<sub>3</sub> nanoparticles have a cytotoxic and radiosensitizing effect on melanoma cells in concentrations of 116 mg/mL and higher by reducing their metabolic activity and membrane mitochondrial potential while initiating apoptosis. Such nanomaterial can form the basis of promising modern approaches to increasing the effectiveness of radiation therapy.</p>","PeriodicalId":728,"journal":{"name":"Physics of Atomic Nuclei","volume":"87 11","pages":"1730 - 1735"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2025-02-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143471930","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Principles of Chemical Designing of Styrene-Based Plastic Scintillators Doped with Quantum Dots 掺杂量子点的苯乙烯基塑料闪烁体的化学设计原理
IF 0.3 4区 物理与天体物理
Physics of Atomic Nuclei Pub Date : 2025-02-22 DOI: 10.1134/S1063778824100193
A. Knysh, M. Kirsanov, V. Sosnovtsev, I. Nabiev, P. Samokhvalov
{"title":"Principles of Chemical Designing of Styrene-Based Plastic Scintillators Doped with Quantum Dots","authors":"A. Knysh,&nbsp;M. Kirsanov,&nbsp;V. Sosnovtsev,&nbsp;I. Nabiev,&nbsp;P. Samokhvalov","doi":"10.1134/S1063778824100193","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S1063778824100193","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Plastic scintillators based on polystyrene and other polymers of the vinyl aromatic series (polyvinyltoluene, polyvinylxylene, etc.) have long been used in scintillation detectors because of their short fluorescence lifetimes, low cost, and relative ease of fabrication. On the other hand, these materials have a small light output. Plastic scintillators are usually doped with fluorescent organic dyes to impart scintillation properties to the polymer matrix and increase the light yield. In recent years, considerable interest has been aroused by studies aimed at the use of semiconductor nanocrystals (quantum dots) as dopants for plastic scintillators based on polymer matrices. The most promising materials for this purpose are considered to be CsPbBr<sub>3</sub> perovskite nanocrystals and CdSe/ZnS quantum dots of the core/shell type. These materials have high quantum yields, and high effective atomic numbers and can be effectively integrated into polymer matrices while preserving their structural and optical properties. Thus, it can be hypothesized that doping plastic scintillators with quantum dots can significantly improve their light yield and increase their radiation resistance. Here, we propose an approach to the chemical design of plastic scintillators doped with quantum dots, investigate their radioluminescence, and describe the optimal parameters for the fabrication of such composite scintillators by radical polymerization of para-methylstyrene.</p>","PeriodicalId":728,"journal":{"name":"Physics of Atomic Nuclei","volume":"87 11","pages":"1744 - 1749"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2025-02-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143471862","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Optimizing Drift Tube Parameters in IH and SPR Structures 优化 IH 和 SPR 结构中的漂移管参数
IF 0.3 4区 物理与天体物理
Physics of Atomic Nuclei Pub Date : 2025-02-22 DOI: 10.1134/S1063778824100417
I. V. Rybakov, V. V. Paramonov
{"title":"Optimizing Drift Tube Parameters in IH and SPR Structures","authors":"I. V. Rybakov,&nbsp;V. V. Paramonov","doi":"10.1134/S1063778824100417","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S1063778824100417","url":null,"abstract":"<p>IH (Interdigital H-type) and SPR (split ring) structures are used to accelerate ions at low energies and relatively low operating frequencies. A procedure for selecting the parameters of drift tubes (DTs) is proposed to achieve high HF efficiency and simultaneously suppress the dipole parasitic component of electric fields at a given electrical strength. A database of DT variants based on six free geometric parameters is compiled using modern software in an electrostatic 3D approximation. The final variant is selected through sequential interpolation of the database. Fourier coefficients of the expansion of the accelerating field on its axis are also derived to calculate the particle dynamics in the selected DT variants.</p>","PeriodicalId":728,"journal":{"name":"Physics of Atomic Nuclei","volume":"87 11","pages":"1665 - 1669"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2025-02-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143471879","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Protective Coatings on Hafnium Hydride and Their Effect on Its Thermal Decomposition 氢化铪的保护涂层及其对氢化铪热分解的影响
IF 0.3 4区 物理与天体物理
Physics of Atomic Nuclei Pub Date : 2025-02-22 DOI: 10.1134/S1063778824100466
D. P. Shornikov, V. V. Mikhalchik, G. A. Ivanov, A. V. Tenishev, M. S. Staltsov, N. N. Samotaev, A. V. Bratsuk, S. Yu. Kovtun, K. K. Polunin, A. A. Urusov
{"title":"Protective Coatings on Hafnium Hydride and Their Effect on Its Thermal Decomposition","authors":"D. P. Shornikov,&nbsp;V. V. Mikhalchik,&nbsp;G. A. Ivanov,&nbsp;A. V. Tenishev,&nbsp;M. S. Staltsov,&nbsp;N. N. Samotaev,&nbsp;A. V. Bratsuk,&nbsp;S. Yu. Kovtun,&nbsp;K. K. Polunin,&nbsp;A. A. Urusov","doi":"10.1134/S1063778824100466","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S1063778824100466","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Hafnium hydride is studied as an absorber for fast neutron reactors. A high value of the neutron absorption cross section is noted that is retained by all hafnium isotopes formed during neutron irradiation in reactor. However, there is a risk of hafnium hydride decomposing in the range of 600–700°C, which corresponds to the operating temperature of absorbers in fast neutron reactors. An approach is proposed to reduce hydrogen evolution from hafnium hydride that consists of applying a protective hafnium oxide coating to it. Hafnium hydride samples are annealed in helium at temperatures of 1200°C in a synchronic thermal analysis setup. Hydrogen desorption starts at a temperature of 640°C. Complete hydrogen evolution is observed at a temperature of 1200°C. A substantial drop in hydrogen evolution at low temperatures is seen when annealing samples with applied coatings. A special setup is developed that allows the thermal testing of hydride materials in a liquid sodium environment. Hafnium hydride is annealed in liquid sodium at 700°C. Synchronic thermal analysis of samples after exposure to sodium reveals a drop in the emission of gas that is associated with an increase in the thickness of the oxide layers on the surfaces of samples.</p>","PeriodicalId":728,"journal":{"name":"Physics of Atomic Nuclei","volume":"87 11","pages":"1573 - 1578"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2025-02-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143471827","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Corbino Voltage Generation for a High-Temperature Superconductor 为高温超导体产生科比诺电压
IF 0.3 4区 物理与天体物理
Physics of Atomic Nuclei Pub Date : 2025-02-22 DOI: 10.1134/S1063778824090205
A. A. Mikhailov, A. N. Maksimova, A. N. Moroz
{"title":"Corbino Voltage Generation for a High-Temperature Superconductor","authors":"A. A. Mikhailov,&nbsp;A. N. Maksimova,&nbsp;A. N. Moroz","doi":"10.1134/S1063778824090205","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S1063778824090205","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The current–voltage characteristics of a superconducting disk with the Corbino current supply at an external static magnetic field of 1000 Oe have been calculated within the two-dimensional model of a layered high-temperature superconductor. The field strength on several coaxial rings of the sample has been obtained and the critical currents for three values of the diameters, temperatures, and densities of defects have been evaluated. The effect of the concentration of point defects and temperature on the velocity of Abrikosov vortices has been studied.</p>","PeriodicalId":728,"journal":{"name":"Physics of Atomic Nuclei","volume":"87 11","pages":"1627 - 1631"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2025-02-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143471826","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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