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Predictive Diagnostics of Control Sensors in a Nuclear Reactor
IF 0.3 4区 物理与天体物理
Physics of Atomic Nuclei Pub Date : 2025-02-01 DOI: 10.1134/S1063778824100491
S. V. Ten, A. M. Zagrebayev
{"title":"Predictive Diagnostics of Control Sensors in a Nuclear Reactor","authors":"S. V. Ten,&nbsp;A. M. Zagrebayev","doi":"10.1134/S1063778824100491","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S1063778824100491","url":null,"abstract":"<p>In this paper, we propose an approach for the pinpoint detection of inoperable sensors based on the analysis of diagnostic parameters. The “sliding correlation” coefficients, the fourth eigenvalue, and the relative deviation of the reconstructed sensor reading may be such parameters. With the help of the above diagnostic parameters, it is possible to immediately determine the fuel assembly in which one of the direct charge sensors is presumably out of order, then analyze the level correlations between each other, and, using the restored value, make a final judgment on the performance of each altitude sensor. The developed software makes it possible to carry out an express analysis of the archive of the VVER reactor. This has scientific and practical value in the context of improving the quality of work of operational personnel and analyzing situations that require additional attention and more detailed analysis. The application of this approach can help detect malfunctions in sensors and take timely measures to prevent possible problems and emergencies, which is an important step in ensuring the safety and efficiency of the VVER reactor monitoring and control system.</p>","PeriodicalId":728,"journal":{"name":"Physics of Atomic Nuclei","volume":"87 9","pages":"1213 - 1220"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143107812","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Thermophysical Parameters of the Ion-Plasma Chamber Technology for Deactivation of Irradiated Graphite of RBMK
IF 0.3 4区 物理与天体物理
Physics of Atomic Nuclei Pub Date : 2025-02-01 DOI: 10.1134/S1063778824090254
A. S. Petrovskaya, A. B. Tsyganov
{"title":"Thermophysical Parameters of the Ion-Plasma Chamber Technology for Deactivation of Irradiated Graphite of RBMK","authors":"A. S. Petrovskaya,&nbsp;A. B. Tsyganov","doi":"10.1134/S1063778824090254","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S1063778824090254","url":null,"abstract":"<p>For the first time to deactivate irradiated graphite blocks, we develop a new approach—“dry” ion-plasma chamber deactivation technology. The technology is based on a homogeneous shortened plasma discharge in an inert gas (argon) for the ion and thermal treatment of all graphite block surfaces simultaneously in a special chamber. The deactivation of graphite block of the reactor masonry is carried out by the ion sputtering of radionuclides from the block surfaces, as well as owing to thermal diffusion of radionuclides from the graphite block volume under plasma discharge heating. The technology provides a maintenance of the graphite masonry block integrity during the deactivation process for the effective burial of radionuclides. In this paper, we obtained the thermophysical parameters of ion-plasma chamber technology as for the deactivation of the grade GR-280 reactor graphite.</p>","PeriodicalId":728,"journal":{"name":"Physics of Atomic Nuclei","volume":"87 9","pages":"1228 - 1234"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143107905","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Solidification of Material Layers Streamlined by a Coolant Flow
IF 0.3 4区 物理与天体物理
Physics of Atomic Nuclei Pub Date : 2025-02-01 DOI: 10.1134/S106377882409031X
N. A. Rossikhin, T. A. Savelev
{"title":"Solidification of Material Layers Streamlined by a Coolant Flow","authors":"N. A. Rossikhin,&nbsp;T. A. Savelev","doi":"10.1134/S106377882409031X","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S106377882409031X","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Limited flat and cylindrical layers of a material streamlined by a coolant flow are considered. Dependences of the heat transfer describing the entire period of the solidification process have been presented for the limited flat layer streamlined by a coolant flow. Analytical dependences of heat exchange for the whole period of the solidification process have been obtained for the cylindrical layer washed from the inside and outside by the coolant flow.</p>","PeriodicalId":728,"journal":{"name":"Physics of Atomic Nuclei","volume":"87 9","pages":"1294 - 1301"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143107901","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Developing a Numerical Model for Determining the Distribution of the Depths of Electric Beam Doses in Modified Plastics
IF 0.3 4区 物理与天体物理
Physics of Atomic Nuclei Pub Date : 2025-02-01 DOI: 10.1134/S106377882410048X
A. A. Sorokina, A. A. Bulavskaya, E. A. Bushmina, A. A. Grigorieva, I. A. Miloichikova, S. G. Stuchebrov
{"title":"Developing a Numerical Model for Determining the Distribution of the Depths of Electric Beam Doses in Modified Plastics","authors":"A. A. Sorokina,&nbsp;A. A. Bulavskaya,&nbsp;E. A. Bushmina,&nbsp;A. A. Grigorieva,&nbsp;I. A. Miloichikova,&nbsp;S. G. Stuchebrov","doi":"10.1134/S106377882410048X","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S106377882410048X","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Radiation therapy is a way of treating malignant tumors where ionizing radiation interacts with tumor cells, causing their destruction. However, there is inevitably a side effect on healthy cells during the radiation treatment of malignant tumors. An important task of beam therapy is therefore to ensure the optimum distribution of a dose in order to minimize the impact of radiation on healthy tissues and deliver the maximum dose to the tumor. A device that allows the distribution of a dose’s depth in a patient’s body is a bolus. Boluses for electron beam therapy can now be manufactured by means of three-dimensional printing. The aim of this work is to develop a numerical model for determining the distribution of the depth of an electron beam dose in plastics modified with metallic additives. The use of these materials would allow the creation of smaller boluses that could shorten the manufacturing stage and simplify the procedure for fixing the device on a patient’s body. Numerical models of an electron beam source and plastic boluses are developed using the GEANT4 toolkit. Numerical experiments are performed using the Monte Carlo technique. Distributions of the depths of electron beam doses with nominal energies of 6, 12, and 15 MeV are obtained in modified plastics with copper additives. In the future, the resulting data will allow the thickness of a forming device created from the studied plastics via three-dimensional printing to be selected according to the clinical task.</p>","PeriodicalId":728,"journal":{"name":"Physics of Atomic Nuclei","volume":"87 9","pages":"1302 - 1305"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143107903","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Calculation of Glow Discharge Parameters in a Supersonic Axisymmetric Helium Flow
IF 0.3 4区 物理与天体物理
Physics of Atomic Nuclei Pub Date : 2025-02-01 DOI: 10.1134/S1063778824090424
B. A. Timerkaev, O. A. Petrova, A. I. Sayfutdinov, D. I. Israfilov
{"title":"Calculation of Glow Discharge Parameters in a Supersonic Axisymmetric Helium Flow","authors":"B. A. Timerkaev,&nbsp;O. A. Petrova,&nbsp;A. I. Sayfutdinov,&nbsp;D. I. Israfilov","doi":"10.1134/S1063778824090424","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S1063778824090424","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The parameters of a glow discharge in helium with a nonuniform distribution of the density of neutral particles along the discharge gap have been calculated for a one-dimensional axisymmetric geometry. This formulation of the problem corresponds to the condition of generating a discharge between a Laval nozzle with a central body, which is the anode, and a ring cathode located coaxially to the central body at low pressures. In this case, a supersonic gas flow is generated through the Laval nozzle, which creates an increased gas pressure near the central body (anode), and high vacuum is maintained outside the supersonic jet. Thus, the internal structure of this discharge will depend on the density of gas particles in different regions of the interelectrode space. It has been established that this method of organizing a glow discharge in a supersonic gas flow makes it possible to control the spatial distribution of the internal characteristics of the discharge.</p>","PeriodicalId":728,"journal":{"name":"Physics of Atomic Nuclei","volume":"87 9","pages":"1368 - 1372"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143107791","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Investigation of 50-GeV Proton Beam Focusing Using a Crystal Device with High Angular Acceptance
IF 0.3 4区 物理与天体物理
Physics of Atomic Nuclei Pub Date : 2025-02-01 DOI: 10.1134/S106377882410051X
A. G. Vasileva, A. A. Durum, M. Yu. Kostin, A. V. Lutchev, V. A. Maisheev, V. I. Pitalev, I. V. Poluektov, Yu. E. Sandomirsky, Yu. A. Chesnokov, A. A. Yanovich
{"title":"Investigation of 50-GeV Proton Beam Focusing Using a Crystal Device with High Angular Acceptance","authors":"A. G. Vasileva,&nbsp;A. A. Durum,&nbsp;M. Yu. Kostin,&nbsp;A. V. Lutchev,&nbsp;V. A. Maisheev,&nbsp;V. I. Pitalev,&nbsp;I. V. Poluektov,&nbsp;Yu. E. Sandomirsky,&nbsp;Yu. A. Chesnokov,&nbsp;A. A. Yanovich","doi":"10.1134/S106377882410051X","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S106377882410051X","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Existing focusing crystal devices can be used at TeV-class accelerators because they have small transverse dimensions. A device consisting of several crystals assembled into an array is proposed to increase their acceptance. Results are presented from testing the new device on the U-70 beam.</p>","PeriodicalId":728,"journal":{"name":"Physics of Atomic Nuclei","volume":"87 9","pages":"1348 - 1350"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143107794","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Modeling the Transfer Properties of Helium and Hydrogen Isotopes by Thermodynamics and Molecular Dynamics Methods
IF 0.3 4区 物理与天体物理
Physics of Atomic Nuclei Pub Date : 2025-02-01 DOI: 10.1134/S1063778824100053
Yu. A. Bogdanova, I. V. Maklashova, A. D. Trofimova, A. A. Egorov
{"title":"Modeling the Transfer Properties of Helium and Hydrogen Isotopes by Thermodynamics and Molecular Dynamics Methods","authors":"Yu. A. Bogdanova,&nbsp;I. V. Maklashova,&nbsp;A. D. Trofimova,&nbsp;A. A. Egorov","doi":"10.1134/S1063778824100053","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S1063778824100053","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This paper analyzes the analytical expressions available in the literature for calculating the coefficient of viscosity and thermal conductivity obtained from the Chapman–Enskog kinetic theory. A modification of the expressions is proposed taking into account the calculated value of the compressibility factor <i>Z</i> = <i>PV</i>/<i>RT</i>, obtained as a result of thermodynamic calculations using a theoretical model of the equation of state based on perturbation theory. To validate the modified expressions, the Green–Kubo model for modeling transport properties by the molecular dynamics method is considered. This model enables simultaneous calculation of both the viscosity and thermal conductivity within one calculation, having previously performed the statization of the system in the <i>NpT</i> ensemble. Molecular dynamics and thermodynamic simulation of the transport properties of individual helium and hydrogen isotopes are carried out in the pressure range of 1–2000 atm and in the temperature range of 200–3000 K. The viscosity and thermal conductivity coefficients are determined in the considered pressure and temperature range. It is shown that the use of modified analytical expressions for transfer coefficients makes it possible to calculate the viscosity and thermal conductivity of helium and hydrogen isotopes, taking the real pressure in the system in accordance with experimental data and the results of molecular dynamics simulation in a wide range of pressures and temperatures, including the supercritical region, into account.</p>","PeriodicalId":728,"journal":{"name":"Physics of Atomic Nuclei","volume":"87 9","pages":"1306 - 1315"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143107902","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Study of the Radiation Hardening Mechanisms of Heat-Resistant Oxide Dispersion Strengthened Steels in Accelerated Tests Using Ion Irradiation and Ultramicroscopic Analysis
IF 0.3 4区 物理与天体物理
Physics of Atomic Nuclei Pub Date : 2025-02-01 DOI: 10.1134/S1063778824090308
S. V. Rogozhkin, A. A. Khomich, A. A. Nikitin, A. A. Bogachev, A. V. Klauz, P. A. Fedin, K. E. Pryanishnikov, T. V. Kulevoy, A. A. Lukyanchuk, O. A. Raznitsyn, A. S. Shutov, N. A. Iskandarov, A. G. Zaluzhny, M. V. Leontyeva-Smirnova, A. A. Nikitina
{"title":"Study of the Radiation Hardening Mechanisms of Heat-Resistant Oxide Dispersion Strengthened Steels in Accelerated Tests Using Ion Irradiation and Ultramicroscopic Analysis","authors":"S. V. Rogozhkin,&nbsp;A. A. Khomich,&nbsp;A. A. Nikitin,&nbsp;A. A. Bogachev,&nbsp;A. V. Klauz,&nbsp;P. A. Fedin,&nbsp;K. E. Pryanishnikov,&nbsp;T. V. Kulevoy,&nbsp;A. A. Lukyanchuk,&nbsp;O. A. Raznitsyn,&nbsp;A. S. Shutov,&nbsp;N. A. Iskandarov,&nbsp;A. G. Zaluzhny,&nbsp;M. V. Leontyeva-Smirnova,&nbsp;A. A. Nikitina","doi":"10.1134/S1063778824090308","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S1063778824090308","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Nanoscale mechanisms of radiation hardening of oxide dispersion-strengthened (ODS) heat-resistant steels EP-450 ODS and EP-823 ODS have been investigated after irradiation with 5.6-MeV Fe<sup>2+</sup> ions with varying doses of radiation damage up to 100 dpa and temperatures in the range 350–500°C. The microstructure of the original and irradiated materials has been studied by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and atom probe tomography (APT). The strengthening of the radiation-modified layer of irradiated samples has been studied by the dynamic indentation method. Initial state analysis of the steels has showed that EP-450 ODS steel contains a larger amount of small oxide particles (up to 20 nm) compared to EP-823 ODS steel. In addition, the density of nanosized Y–Ti–Cr–O clusters in EP-450 ODS steel is ~10<sup>23</sup> m<sup>–3</sup>, which is two orders of magnitude higher than that in EP-823 ODS steel. At low irradiation doses, EP823 ODS steel demonstrates a higher radiation hardening rate at low irradiation temperatures compared to EP-450 ODS steel, and the rate of embrittlement decreases with increasing temperature. This is largely due to the formation of nanosized radiation-induced Ni–Mn–Si clusters with a high density in EP-823 ODS steel under the impact of irradiation. Other radiation-induced changes such as the rearrangement of the system of oxides and Y–Ti–Cr–O clusters, the formation of clusters predominantly enriched in Cr, and the formation of dislocation loops have been detected. It has been found that the radiation hardening of EP-450 ODS steel increases with the irradiation dose. In general, both steels demonstrate similar hardening at high irradiation doses.</p>","PeriodicalId":728,"journal":{"name":"Physics of Atomic Nuclei","volume":"87 9","pages":"1257 - 1280"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143107761","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Transition Energy Crossing in Harmonic RF at Proton Synchrotron U-70
IF 0.3 4区 物理与天体物理
Physics of Atomic Nuclei Pub Date : 2025-02-01 DOI: 10.1134/S106377882410020X
S. D. Kolokolchikov, Yu. V. Senichev, V. A. Kalinin
{"title":"Transition Energy Crossing in Harmonic RF at Proton Synchrotron U-70","authors":"S. D. Kolokolchikov,&nbsp;Yu. V. Senichev,&nbsp;V. A. Kalinin","doi":"10.1134/S106377882410020X","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S106377882410020X","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Transition energy crossing at the U-70 proton synchrotron is studied. Motion stability is achieved through the method of transition energy jump at constant betatron tunes. The longitudinal motion is simulated with allowance for higher orders of the momentum compaction factor, along with various impedances and bunch intensities. Experimental data from an accelerator session are presented.</p>","PeriodicalId":728,"journal":{"name":"Physics of Atomic Nuclei","volume":"87 9","pages":"1355 - 1362"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143107789","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Spinor Description of Frozen and Quasi-Frozen Spin Structures for the EDM Measurement in a Frequency Domain
IF 0.3 4区 物理与天体物理
Physics of Atomic Nuclei Pub Date : 2025-02-01 DOI: 10.1134/S1063778824100314
A. A. Melnikov, Yu. V. Senichev, A. E. Aksentyev, S. D. Kolokolchikov
{"title":"Spinor Description of Frozen and Quasi-Frozen Spin Structures for the EDM Measurement in a Frequency Domain","authors":"A. A. Melnikov,&nbsp;Yu. V. Senichev,&nbsp;A. E. Aksentyev,&nbsp;S. D. Kolokolchikov","doi":"10.1134/S1063778824100314","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S1063778824100314","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The main features of the frozen and quasi-frozen spin lattice were calculated in the spinor formalism, such as a spin-tune and a direction of the invariant spin axis. As the radial field perturbations play a crucial role in the electric dipole moment (EDM) measurement procedure, the difference of frozen and quasi-frozen spin lattices was investigated in this regard. The possibility of subtraction of a nonlinear term in the spin precession frequency with the change of the injection direction in the quasi-frozen case was investigated. Furthermore, the frequency summation law was derived for the structure of a general form with perturbations in the radial, vertical and longitudinal directions.</p>","PeriodicalId":728,"journal":{"name":"Physics of Atomic Nuclei","volume":"87 9","pages":"1351 - 1354"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143107792","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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