Drug metabolism and bioanalysis letters最新文献

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Determination of Efinaconazole in Plasma using Validated LC-MS/MS Technique. 验证LC-MS/MS技术测定血浆中艾非那康唑的含量。
Drug metabolism and bioanalysis letters Pub Date : 2024-01-01 DOI: 10.2174/0118723128348675241129100845
Govindarajan Srinivasan, Asharani Indira Viswambaran
{"title":"Determination of Efinaconazole in Plasma using Validated LC-MS/MS Technique.","authors":"Govindarajan Srinivasan, Asharani Indira Viswambaran","doi":"10.2174/0118723128348675241129100845","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0118723128348675241129100845","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Efinaconazole is a topical antifungal medication that is effective against fungal infections of the toenails. In addition, due to its application on the skin, minimal systemic absorption takes place on the epidermic layer, which leads to the availability of lower-level concentration in the bloodstream. Although several reported methods in the literature describe the quantification of Efinaconazole using conventional techniques like HPTLC and HPLC, these methods lack the necessary sensitivity and selectivity to be directly applied for quantification in biological samples.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>Current research work aimed to develop a rapid, specific, selective, and sensitive method using plasma as one of the biological samples for quantification of Efinaconazole (EZ) in the presence of Fluconazole (FZ) as an internal standard by tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Chromatographic separation was achieved with a Thermo Hypersil Gold (100 mm x 2.1 mm, 1.9 μm) UPLC column using a mobile phase composed of 20% formic acid-water (0.1%) and 80% methanol. Liquid-liquid extraction (LLE) was employed for sample preparation. Efinaconazole and the internal standard were detected using the heated electrospray ionization (HESI) technique in parallel reaction monitoring (PRM) mode.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The developed method displayed a linearity range of 1 to 2000 pg/mL (0.001-2 ng/mL). Precision and accuracy for the lower limit of quantitation, low, mid, and high-quality control (QC) levels demonstrated a variance of less than 5% and an accuracy of 99 to 103%. Long-term stability was confirmed under various conditions, including storage in an auto-sampler, at room temperature, in a deep freezer, and after freeze-thaw cycles.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The validated LC-MS/MS method has exceptional sensitivity, specificity, selectivity, rapid analysis, minimal requirement of sample quantity, wide dynamic range of concentration, robustness, and reproducibility, making it an indispensable tool, especially in fields of <i>in vitro</i> Permeation Testing (IVPT), <i>in vitro</i> Release Testing (IVRT), Pharmacokinetic, Toxicology, Clinical studies, and in drug development program for the quantification of Efinaconazole.</p>","PeriodicalId":72844,"journal":{"name":"Drug metabolism and bioanalysis letters","volume":"17 2","pages":"76-87"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143993688","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Evaluating the Influence of St. John's Wort on Naproxen Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics: A Drug Interaction Assessment. 评价圣约翰草对萘普生药代动力学和药效学的影响:药物相互作用评价。
Drug metabolism and bioanalysis letters Pub Date : 2024-01-01 DOI: 10.2174/0118723128356859250220063938
Keerthana S Halumane, Sunil Kumar Kadiri
{"title":"Evaluating the Influence of St. John's Wort on Naproxen Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics: A Drug Interaction Assessment.","authors":"Keerthana S Halumane, Sunil Kumar Kadiri","doi":"10.2174/0118723128356859250220063938","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0118723128356859250220063938","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic autoimmune disease which leads to pain and disability that may trigger anxiety and sleep disturbances. Naproxen and St. John's Wort concomitant administration in RA and anxiety raises the question of safety due to a potential drug interaction.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Albino Wistar rats were treated with naproxen and St. John's Wort for 30 days. The study involved the evaluation of safety of naproxen when combined with St. John's Wort by estimation of biochemical markers such as SGOT, SGPT, TG's, Creatinine, BUN, the extent of gastromucosal damage and estimation of AUC, t1/2 and Clearance using blood serum analysis with HPLC after 30 days of treatment. Histopathological studies were also conducted to determine the tissue architecture.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Elevated levels of hepatic markers SGOT, SGPT, TG, and gastro-mucosal damage with enhanced ulcer index were found in naproxen-St. John's Wort treated rats as compared to only naproxen treated rats. HPLC analysis displayed increased AUC and t1/2 of naproxen with decreased clearance in naproxen-St. John's Wort treated rats. Histopathological findings revealed tissue rupture and mucosal damage supporting the naproxen toxicity.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Consulting a healthcare professional before combining St. John's Wort with naproxen is essential to assess potential risks, manage drug interactions, and ensure safety. Personalized advice helps optimize treatment outcomes for both rheumatoid arthritis and mental health.</p>","PeriodicalId":72844,"journal":{"name":"Drug metabolism and bioanalysis letters","volume":"17 3","pages":"137-148"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144047387","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Phosphodiesterase Inhibitors: A Therapeutic Approach for Arsenic- Induced Neurotoxicity. 磷酸二酯酶抑制剂:砷诱导神经毒性的治疗方法。
Drug metabolism and bioanalysis letters Pub Date : 2024-01-01 DOI: 10.2174/0118723128343703250103063848
Sonia Bhatt, Ajay Pal Singh, Sokindra Kumar
{"title":"Phosphodiesterase Inhibitors: A Therapeutic Approach for Arsenic- Induced Neurotoxicity.","authors":"Sonia Bhatt, Ajay Pal Singh, Sokindra Kumar","doi":"10.2174/0118723128343703250103063848","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0118723128343703250103063848","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>One of the world's most serious health issues is arsenic toxicity. Prolonged consumption of Arsenic contaminated water causes cognitive damage in the developing and adult brain. The present research investigated how sodium arsenite-induced neurotoxicity in SD rats was affected by rolipram, a PDE4 inhibitor, and vinpocetine, a PDE1 inhibitor.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The arsenic concentration was determined, which indicates the accumulation of arsenic in blood. The low weight of the brain indicates the adverse effects on the brain, which was significantly improved by rolipram and vinpocetine. Biochemical markers (MDA, GSH, CAT, and SOD) and protein expression of CREB and P-CREB were studied in the hippocampal region of the brain.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The reduced antioxidant activity and elevated levels of inflammation were significantly improved by rolipram and vinpocetine administration. Additionally, rolipram and vinpocetine significantly increased the CREB and P-CREB expression in the hippocampi of rat brains.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>PDE4 and PDE1 inhibition in arsenic-induced neurotoxicity could be a novel approach and a new drug therapy for arsenic-induced neurotoxicity.</p>","PeriodicalId":72844,"journal":{"name":"Drug metabolism and bioanalysis letters","volume":"17 2","pages":"67-75"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144047483","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Interaction Risk: Green Tea Consumption in Patients Taking Alprazolam. 相互作用风险:服用阿普唑仑患者的绿茶摄入量。
Drug metabolism and bioanalysis letters Pub Date : 2024-01-01 DOI: 10.2174/0118723128366248250206081121
Darshan Gowda Bharathi Srinivasa, Sunil Kumar Kadiri
{"title":"Interaction Risk: Green Tea Consumption in Patients Taking Alprazolam.","authors":"Darshan Gowda Bharathi Srinivasa, Sunil Kumar Kadiri","doi":"10.2174/0118723128366248250206081121","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0118723128366248250206081121","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>developing area of clinical interest is the potential interactions between drugs and herbal products. The potential risk of an interaction between green tea <i>(Camellia sinensis)</i> and alprazolam, a benzodiazepine that is commonly recommended for anxiety disorders, is discussed in this review. Numerous bioactive components included in green tea, such as caffeine and catechins, may alter the pharmacokinetics of alprazolam by altering its metabolism, excretion, or absorption. It has been shown that green tea affects the activity of cytochrome P450 enzymes, particularly CYP3A4, which is involved in alprazolam metabolism. Green tea may increase alprazolam plasma levels and increase the likelihood of adverse effects, such as drowsiness or motor incoordination due to CYP3A4 inhibition, which will be studied from the existing literature and pharmacological evidence. While definitive clinical trials are limited, the aim of the review is to emphasize the necessity for increased awareness among healthcare practitioners and patients regarding potential drug-herb interactions, especially in individuals utilizing anxiolytic drugs along with green tea consumption. Additional clinical investigations are necessary to formulate solid guidelines for the safe consumption of green tea by those using alprazolam.</p>","PeriodicalId":72844,"journal":{"name":"Drug metabolism and bioanalysis letters","volume":"17 3","pages":"104-113"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144047507","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Bioactive Formulation and Bulk Allopurinol and Lycopene Estimation by UV Spectroscopy. 紫外光谱法测定别嘌呤醇和番茄红素的生物活性配方和体积。
Drug metabolism and bioanalysis letters Pub Date : 2024-01-01 DOI: 10.2174/0118723128322443240919025352
Soumya Mishra, Ranjit K Harwansh, Rupa Mazumder
{"title":"Bioactive Formulation and Bulk Allopurinol and Lycopene Estimation by UV Spectroscopy.","authors":"Soumya Mishra, Ranjit K Harwansh, Rupa Mazumder","doi":"10.2174/0118723128322443240919025352","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0118723128322443240919025352","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>This study developed a UV spectrophotometric method for quantifying allopurinol and lycopene in both bulk and dosage forms, aiming for simplicity and practicality.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>The method was developed and validated using methanol and lycopene in phosphate buffer saline at various pH levels (7.4, 6.8, 1.2, 5.5). Validation parameters included linearity, accuracy, precision, limit of quantification (LOQ), and limit of detection (LOD) according to ICH standards.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The method demonstrated high sensitivity and linearity over a concentration range of 4-20 μg/ml, adhering to Beer's law. The LOQ and LOD were 2-18 μg/ml and 2-6 μg/ml, respectively. Optimal absorbance wavelengths were 251 nm for lycopene and 471 nm for allopurinol. Calibration curves showed a high correlation coefficient (0.9994), indicating a strong linear relationship.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The developed UV spectrophotometric method is effective, interference-free, and suitable for routine quality control, providing reliable measurements for allopurinol and lycopene.</p>","PeriodicalId":72844,"journal":{"name":"Drug metabolism and bioanalysis letters","volume":"17 2","pages":"56-66"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144013803","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The Role of Serotonin Modulators in Nicotine Reward and Reinforcement: A Conditioned Place Preference Investigation. 5 -羟色胺调节剂在尼古丁奖励和强化中的作用:一项条件位置偏好调查。
Drug metabolism and bioanalysis letters Pub Date : 2024-01-01 DOI: 10.2174/0118723128348621250207070255
Rajkumar Tiwari, Bhawna Sharma, Rohit Pandey, Gaurav Kumar, Khushboo Bhardwaj
{"title":"The Role of Serotonin Modulators in Nicotine Reward and Reinforcement: A Conditioned Place Preference Investigation.","authors":"Rajkumar Tiwari, Bhawna Sharma, Rohit Pandey, Gaurav Kumar, Khushboo Bhardwaj","doi":"10.2174/0118723128348621250207070255","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0118723128348621250207070255","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Nicotine addiction remains a significant public health challenge, driving the need for effective treatment strategies. While various pharmacological approaches have been explored, targeting neurotransmitter and neuromodulator systems offers a promising avenue. These systems, particularly those involving dopamine, play a pivotal part in interceding the rewarding effects of nicotine and the development of dependence. Serotonin, a pivotal neuromodulator, exerts a profound influence on dopamine pathways. By interacting with these pathways, serotonin can significantly impact the substantiating effects of nicotine. Understanding the intricate interplay between serotonin and dopamine systems is pivotal for developing new remedial interventions that effectively address the intricacies of nicotine dependence.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>The purpose of this research study was to examine the potential roles played by serotonin and its receptors in nicotine addiction by examining the involvement of serotonin modulators in the development of conditioned location preference in mice after exposure to nicotine.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Mice were subjected to conditioned place preference (CPP) training with nicotine. After induction of CPP, the extinction session was given for the disappearance of CPP. There were a total of five groups, each having six animals that participated in the experiments, including group 1 (controls; normal saline), group 2 (nicotine A; 0.25 mg/kg), group 3 (nicotine B; 0.5 mg/kg), group 4 (nicotine C; 0.75 mg/kg), and group 5 (standard drug; fluoxetine). All drugs were given through the subcutaneous route. The treatment of serotonin modulators, i.e., fluoxetine (100 mg/kg), a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI), was given before the priming dose of nicotine, and the effect of the serotonin modulator was observed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>On day 17th, the CPP values were 390.16 s, 235.66 s, and 219.16 s, respectively, for nicotine A, nicotine B, and nicotine C in the black compartment groups; however, in the white compartment groups, the CPP values were 347.16 s, 588 s, and 549.66 s, respectively, for nicotine A, nicotine B, and nicotine C.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Using the conditioned place preference (CPP) paradigm, we administered both drugs in a context in which their rewarding properties could be measured. Fluoxetine produced a significant but less robust CPP than nicotine. A single injection of fluoxetine was found to reduce nicotine-induced CPP. Moreover, the rewarding properties of nicotine were completely abolished in response to repeated fluoxetine injections. Long-term fluoxetine users may benefit more from the drug than those who have only used it occasionally or in small doses, according to the study.</p>","PeriodicalId":72844,"journal":{"name":"Drug metabolism and bioanalysis letters","volume":"17 3","pages":"114-120"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144051243","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Precision Formulation of Ocular Films for Eye Infections using Innovative Quality by Design Optimization. 通过设计优化创新质量的眼部感染眼膜的精确配方。
Drug metabolism and bioanalysis letters Pub Date : 2024-01-01 DOI: 10.2174/0118723128364823250130094219
Repollu Maddileti, Haranath Chinthaginjala
{"title":"Precision Formulation of Ocular Films for Eye Infections using Innovative Quality by Design Optimization.","authors":"Repollu Maddileti, Haranath Chinthaginjala","doi":"10.2174/0118723128364823250130094219","DOIUrl":"10.2174/0118723128364823250130094219","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aim: </strong>The current study focused on formulating ocular films embedded with levofloxacin for the treatment of conjunctivitis by employing the solvent-casting technique.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>These films were formulated with gelatin, Aloe barbadensis leaves mucilage (ABLM), and HPMC K4M to enhance the therapeutic effectiveness of levofloxacin. Various evaluations were carried out to confirm the quality and stability of the films, including assessments of thickness, weight uniformity, uniformity in LFX, % loss of moisture, and permeation. In vitro drug release studies were conducted to simulate ocular environments and analyze the precise release of LFX.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The films exhibited uniform thickness (0.15-0.19 mm) and weight (61.85-65.54 mg) with a consistent film area (0.502 cm²). LFX content ranged from 85.66% to 97.03%, with T-6 being the most uniform. Moisture loss was found to be 7.98-9.55%, and absorption (highest in T-6, i.e., 18.05%) increased with gelatin. LFX permeation peaked at 97.03% (T-6) in 24-h diffusion studies. T-8 demonstrated exceptional mucoadhesion (>10 h), and ANOVA confirmed the important influence of gelatin, ABLM, and HPMC K4M on LFX content (F-value: 129.91, p=0.0010).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The study concluded that combining ABLM with HPMC K4M enabled consistent, diffusion-controlled release of LFX, offering an effective and sustained formulation for treating conjunctivitis.</p>","PeriodicalId":72844,"journal":{"name":"Drug metabolism and bioanalysis letters","volume":" ","pages":"88-98"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143400463","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Simultaneous Determination of 16-Hydroxystrychnine and Demethylbrucine by LC-MS/MS in Rat Urine and Its Application to Pharmacokinetic Study. LC-MS/MS同时测定大鼠尿液中16-羟基士的宁和去甲基马钱子碱及其药动学研究
Drug metabolism and bioanalysis letters Pub Date : 2023-05-15 DOI: 10.2174/1872312815666230427122212
Rui Yan, Bin Xia, Shan Zhang
{"title":"Simultaneous Determination of 16-Hydroxystrychnine and Demethylbrucine by LC-MS/MS in Rat Urine and Its Application to Pharmacokinetic Study.","authors":"Rui Yan,&nbsp;Bin Xia,&nbsp;Shan Zhang","doi":"10.2174/1872312815666230427122212","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1872312815666230427122212","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>This paper aimed to establish a method to help investigate the combination mechanism of traditional Chinese medicine from the metabolic perspective.</p><p><strong>Background: </strong>Semen Strychni has been a frequently used herb in clinics for a long time. In traditional Chinese medical science, Semen Strychni always combinate with other herbs to modulate its nature of severe toxicity. However, the mechanism of the combination is still unclear. Previous research mostly focused on the components of the herbs. The metabolic processes of the main components of the Semen Strychni are also very important and have rarely been reported.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study tended to develop a rapid and sensitive high-performance liquid chromatographic- tandem mass spectrometric (HPLC-MS/MS) method for the determination of two major metabolites of Semen Strychni in rat urine.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Chromatographic separation was carried out on a C18 column. Detection was performed by a selective reaction monitoring (SRM) mode via an electrospray ionization (ESI) source operating in the positive ionization mode. Analysis of analytes from rat plasma was carried out by protein precipitation using acetonitrile.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The assay was validated in terms of specificity, precision, recovery, etc. The intra- and inter-day precision values were less than 13.1%. The recoveries at three levels were more than 69.1%. The method was then used to study the kinetic profiles of the metabolites of Semen Strychni in rat urine for the first time.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The results demonstrate that the established LC/MS method in this study is accurate and sensitive for the simultaneous determination of the two metabolites of Semen Strychni in rats&#039; urine samples. This method could be a supplement to the plasma pharmacokinetics of Semen Strychni.</p>","PeriodicalId":72844,"journal":{"name":"Drug metabolism and bioanalysis letters","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9574555","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Bigels; A Charismatic Drug Delivery Formulation. Bigels;一个有魅力的给药配方。
Drug metabolism and bioanalysis letters Pub Date : 2023-05-01 DOI: 10.2174/2949681016666230501172824
Manu Singhai, Sankha Bhattacharya
{"title":"Bigels; A Charismatic Drug Delivery Formulation.","authors":"Manu Singhai,&nbsp;Sankha Bhattacharya","doi":"10.2174/2949681016666230501172824","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/2949681016666230501172824","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Bigels are a novel concept in contrast to previous gel formulations. To look like one gel, bigels are made by merging two gel phases at high shear rates. Colloidal gels can be the same (as in water-in-water bigels, which are phase-separated systems), the same but different, or a combination of a hydrogel and an oleogel. These colloidal gels are utilized to construct bigels (oleogel-in-hydrogel bigels or hydrogel-in-oleogel bigels). Bigels have appealing qualities like hydrophilic and hydrophobic properties, improved spreadability, improved drug penetration, higher stratum corneum hydration, and the capacity to control the drug release rate. Bigels' mechanical, structural, thermal, physical, rheological, and electrical properties are crucial to their practical and successful use in a variety of commercial applications. In this compilation, we have talked about the convenience and interest of bigels as a formulation for novel applications in the pharmaceutical, cosmetic, and food industries. The use of several notable bigels is also discussed in the paper. The Bigels are widely utilized in the food and pharmaceutical industries as well. The Bigels are now being researched as possible drug delivery matrices.</p>","PeriodicalId":72844,"journal":{"name":"Drug metabolism and bioanalysis letters","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9375244","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 4
Determination of Olmesartan in Bulk and Pharmaceutical Dosage Forms through the Development and Validation of Stability-indicating RP-HPLC Method. 通过开发和验证稳定指示型 RP-HPLC 方法测定散装和药物剂型中的奥美沙坦。
Drug metabolism and bioanalysis letters Pub Date : 2023-02-24 DOI: 10.2174/2949681016666230224153822
Akshita A Agrawal, Jagdish K Sahu, Shilpa Dawre, Abhishek Kanugo
{"title":"Determination of Olmesartan in Bulk and Pharmaceutical Dosage Forms through the Development and Validation of Stability-indicating RP-HPLC Method.","authors":"Akshita A Agrawal, Jagdish K Sahu, Shilpa Dawre, Abhishek Kanugo","doi":"10.2174/2949681016666230224153822","DOIUrl":"10.2174/2949681016666230224153822","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Angiotensin II type 1 (AT 1) receptor antagonist (angiotensin receptor blocker [ARB]) called Olmesartan medoxomil (OLM) prevents angiotensin II from acting on the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone pathway, which is a crucial factor in the development of hypertension. OLM is reported to rapidly hydrolyze into its active metabolite, Olmesartan, in plasma after oral treatment.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>The objective of the ongoing study was to develop an easy-to-use, precise, and reliable RP-HPLC method for the determination of Olmesartan in bulk as well as pharmaceutical dosage forms.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The stability indicating HPLC method for assay includes the use of Kromasil 100-5-C8 (100 mm × 4.6 mm) column, UV detector 265 nm, and mobile phase composition was a mixture of Acetonitrile: water (70:30) and flow rate of 1.0 mL/min. ICH guidelines were followed in the method's validation. To assess the method's specificity and stability in showing characteristics, stress degradation studies were carried out. The working standard solution of Olmesartan was exposed to 0.1 N HCl at room temperature, 0.1 N NaOH at room temperature, 30 percent hydrogen peroxide by volume, and UV radiation in order to conduct a degradation study.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The retention periods of the drug were found to be 1.36 and 1.47 min for standard and sample solutions, respectively. The degradation behaviour of drug under different conditions was studied. The drug was found susceptible to acidic, alkaline and oxidative conditions while it was found stable in photolytic condition. The developed stability-indicating RP-HPLC method for assay was validated as per ICH Q2 guidelines and the validation parameters such as accuracy, precision and specificity were obtained within the accepted criteria.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>It may be concluded that this method is stability-indicating and specific and can successfully be applied to analyze tablet dosage form containing Olmesartan.</p>","PeriodicalId":72844,"journal":{"name":"Drug metabolism and bioanalysis letters","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9342960","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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