Dietetics (Basel, Switzerland)最新文献

{"title":"Branched-Chain Amino Acids Combined with Exercise Improves Physical Function and Quality of Life in Older Adults: Results from a Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial.","authors":"Ronna Robbins, Jason C O'Connor, Tiffany M Cortes, Monica C Serra","doi":"10.3390/dietetics4030032","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/dietetics4030032","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This pilot, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial investigated the effects of branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs)-provided in a 2:1:1 ratio of leucine:isoleucine: valine-combined with exercise on fatigue, physical performance, and quality of life in older adults. Twenty participants (63% female; BMI: 35 ± 2 kg/m²; age: 70.5 ± 1.2 years) were randomized to 8 weeks of either exercise + BCAAs (100 mg/kg body weight/d) or exercise + placebo. The program included moderate aerobic and resistance training three times weekly. Physical function was assessed using handgrip strength, chair stands, gait speed, VO₂ max, and a 400 m walk. Psychological health was evaluated using the CES-D, Fatigue Assessment Scale (FAS), Insomnia Severity Index (ISI), and global pain, fatigue, and quality of life using a visual analog scale (VAS). Significant group x time interactions were found for handgrip strength (<i>p</i> = 0.03), chair stands (<i>p</i> < 0.01), and 400 m walk time (<i>p</i> < 0.01). Compared to exercise + placebo, exercise + BCAAs showed greater improvements in strength, mobility, and endurance, along with reductions in fatigue (-45% vs. +92%) and depressive symptoms (-29% vs. +5%). Time effects were also observed for ISI (-30%), FAS (-21%), and VAS quality of life (16%) following exercise + BCAA supplementation. These preliminary results suggest that BCAAs combined with exercise may be an effective way to improve physical performance and reduce fatigue and depressive symptoms in older adults.</p>","PeriodicalId":72810,"journal":{"name":"Dietetics (Basel, Switzerland)","volume":"4 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12377484/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144980915","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Infant Feeding Practices and Their Association with Early-Life Nutrient Intake: Baseline Findings from the Baby-Act Trial.","authors":"Cristina Palacios, Elvira Alvarez, Maria Gabriela Kallis, Yari Valle, Jeremy Pomeroy, Maribel Campos","doi":"10.3390/dietetics4020015","DOIUrl":"10.3390/dietetics4020015","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>This is a secondary cross-sectional analysis of participants' baseline data from the Baby-Act Trial to compare energy and macronutrients intake by feeding type. This was a cluster-randomized clinical trial among pregnant women and their infants participating in the Puerto Rico WIC program to test the clinical effectiveness of an intervention that addressed various infant obesity risk factors during the first year of life.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Participants completed at baseline a sociodemographic questionnaire and a validated infant food frequency questionnaire (FFQ). The FFQ was analyzed for type of feeding (exclusively fed breastmilk, fed breastmilk and formula, or exclusively fed infant formula) and for energy and macronutrient intake (protein, carbohydrate, and fat). Analysis of covariance was used to compare intake type of feeding, adjusting for maternal age. race, education, number of previous children, gestational length, and pre-pregnancy BMI.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The present analysis included 368 mother-infant pairs. Mean age of mothers was 26.7 years and of infants 0.7 months. Ten infants fed complementary foods were removed from the analyses. A total of 39.9% of infants were exclusively breastmilk-fed, 47.2% were fed breastmilk and infant formula, and 12.8% were exclusively formula-fed (n = 358). Intake of energy, protein, fat, and carbohydrates was significantly lower in infants fed only breastmilk compared to infants fed a combination of breastmilk and infant formula, and intake of protein and carbohydrates were lower in infants fed a combination of breastmilk and infant formula compared to infants fed only infant formula, after adjusting for important confounders.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Very early infant feeding practices are associated with differences in dietary intake. The long-term health implications of this findings need to be further studied.</p>","PeriodicalId":72810,"journal":{"name":"Dietetics (Basel, Switzerland)","volume":"4 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12392266/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144980891","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparing Self-Reported Dietary Intake to Provided Diet during a Randomized Controlled Feeding Intervention: A Pilot Study.","authors":"James L Casey, Jennifer L Meijer, Heidi B IglayReger, Sarah C Ball, Theresa L Han-Markey, Thomas M Braun, Charles F Burant, Karen E Peterson","doi":"10.3390/dietetics2040024","DOIUrl":"10.3390/dietetics2040024","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Systematic and random errors based on self-reported diet may bias estimates of dietary intake. The objective of this pilot study was to describe errors in self-reported dietary intake by comparing 24 h dietary recalls to provided menu items in a controlled feeding study. This feeding study was a parallel randomized block design consisting of a standard diet (STD; 15% protein, 50% carbohydrate, 35% fat) followed by either a high-fat (HF; 15% protein, 25% carbohydrate, 60% fat) or a high-carbohydrate (HC; 15% protein, 75% carbohydrate, 10% fat) diet. During the intervention, participants reported dietary intake in 24 h recalls. Participants included 12 males (seven HC, five HF) and 12 females (six HC, six HF). The Nutrition Data System for Research was utilized to quantify energy, macronutrients, and serving size of food groups. Statistical analyses assessed differences in 24 h dietary recalls vs. provided menu items, considering intervention type (STD vs. HF vs. HC) (Student's <i>t</i>-test). Caloric intake was consistent between self-reported intake and provided meals. Participants in the HF diet underreported energy-adjusted dietary fat and participants in the HC diet underreported energy-adjusted dietary carbohydrates. Energy-adjusted protein intake was overreported in each dietary intervention, specifically overreporting beef and poultry. Classifying misreported dietary components can lead to strategies to mitigate self-report errors for accurate dietary assessment.</p>","PeriodicalId":72810,"journal":{"name":"Dietetics (Basel, Switzerland)","volume":"2 4","pages":"334-343"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10722558/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138813686","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Historical Perspective and Current State Review: Advancing Lifelong Learning and Continuing Professional Education in Nutrition and Dietetics to Expand Opportunities, Equity, Access, and Future Transformations","authors":"Andie Lee Gonzalez, Patricia A. Lynch, Becky Dorner, Mary Beth Arensberg","doi":"10.3390/dietetics2040023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/dietetics2040023","url":null,"abstract":"Lifelong learning has been integral to advancement of the nutrition and dietetics profession and its practitioners. Both the United States (US) Commission on Dietetic Registration (CDR) and the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics (Academy) advocate for continuous skill development and professional growth. Responding to evolving environmental trends and diverse practice perspectives, the CDR joined the Joint Accreditation for Interprofessional Continuing Education organization in 2020, and the CDR is transforming its own continuing professional education (CPE) requirements and prior-approval program. This paper presents a historical perspective and a current state narrative review, chronicling past and recent developments in nutrition and dietetics CPE in the US, including opportunities for reflective learning and interprofessional continuing education (IPCE). Also explored are the establishment and expansion of the Joint Accreditation organization and its standards, as well as applicable case examples. Additionally, this paper outlines the CDR and the Academy’s strategies for advancing inclusion, diversity, equity, and access (IDEA) within the profession and identifies how CPE advancements may facilitate accessible and equitable CPE for an increasingly diverse membership of practitioners. Nutrition and dietetics professionals stand to benefit from a more comprehensive understanding of changes in CPE and the opportunities they may bring to the future of the profession.","PeriodicalId":72810,"journal":{"name":"Dietetics (Basel, Switzerland)","volume":"345 3","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135392466","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Narrative Review of the Tale of the Dysbiotic Microbiome in the Preterm Neonate","authors":"Marwyn Sowden, Evette van Niekerk, Andre Nyandwe Hamama Bulabula, Mirjam Maria van Weissenbruch","doi":"10.3390/dietetics2040022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/dietetics2040022","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Researchers have established that the preterm neonate is born with an immature gastrointestinal tract. The preterm neonate is thus susceptible to various complications often seen in the neonatal intensive care unit, e.g., feeding intolerances, necrotizing enterocolitis, and hospital-acquired bloodstream infections. These complications can be life-threatening, and if survived, can have an unfavorable effect on the neonate’s growth and development. Aim: The aims of this narrative review article were to provide an in-depth understanding of the various factors contributing to the development of the preterm neonatal microbiome. Further, we reviewed gastrointestinal microbiome dysbiosis and its potential role in the development of feeding intolerances, necrotizing enterocolitis, and hospital-acquired bloodstream infections. Lastly, we described the potential role of probiotics in this vulnerable population. Methods: A PubMed database search was conducted identifying articles that describe the development and function of the neonatal microbiome, the role of gastrointestinal dysbiosis, and the development of neonatal complications as well as the role of probiotics in gastrointestinal dysbiosis. Results: Various maternal, neonatal, and environmental factors play a role in the development of gastrointestinal dysbiosis in the preterm neonate. This can lead to feeding intolerances, necrotizing enterocolitis, and hospital-acquired bloodstream infections. Discussion: The pathogenesis of the development of short-term complications in the preterm neonate can be linked to the immaturity of the host immune system as well as alterations seen in the intestinal microbiome. There is a growing body of evidence that probiotics can play a role in preventing dysbiosis and thus complications observed in the preterm neonate. However, the optimal combination of probiotic strains and dosage still needs to be identified.","PeriodicalId":72810,"journal":{"name":"Dietetics (Basel, Switzerland)","volume":"43 3-4","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135265890","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exercise-Induced Gastrointestinal Symptoms in Endurance Sports: A Review of Pathophysiology, Symptoms, and Nutritional Management","authors":"Emanuela Ribichini, Giulia Scalese, Alessandra Cesarini, Chiara Mocci, Nadia Pallotta, Carola Severi, Enrico Stefano Corazziari","doi":"10.3390/dietetics2030021","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/dietetics2030021","url":null,"abstract":"Strenuous exercise can be associated with “Exercise Induced Gastrointestinal Syndrome” (Ex-GIS), a clinical condition characterized by a series of gastrointestinal (GI) disturbances that may impact the physical and psychological performance of athletes. The pathophysiology comprises multi-factorial interactions between the GI tract and the circulatory, immune, enteric, and central nervous systems. There is considerable evidence for increases in the indices of intestinal damage, permeability, and endotoxemia associated with impaired gastric emptying, slowing of small intestinal transit, and malabsorption of nutrients. Heat stress and racing mode seem to exacerbate these GI disturbances. GI symptomatology that derives from strenuous exercise is similar to that of IBS and other GI functional disorders defined in the Rome IV Criteria. To manage Ex-GIS, the exercise modality, state of dehydration, environmental temperature, concomitant therapies, and self-managed diet should be evaluated, and if risk elements are present, an attempt should be made to modify them. Multiple strategies can be successively adopted to manage Ex-GIS. Nutritional and behavioral interventions appear to be the principal ones to avoid symptoms during the exercise. The aim of this review will be to explore the pathophysiology, clinical aspect, and current literature on behavioral and nutritional strategies to manage Ex-GIS, regarding a gluten-free diet and low-fermentable oligo-, di-, and mono-saccharides and polyols (FODMAP) diet.","PeriodicalId":72810,"journal":{"name":"Dietetics (Basel, Switzerland)","volume":"139 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135015596","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Lower the Better? Discussion on Non-Alcoholic Wine and Its Marketing","authors":"Frederik Nikolai Schulz, H. Farid, J. Hanf","doi":"10.3390/dietetics2030020","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/dietetics2030020","url":null,"abstract":"In the German beverage market, a shift in consumption has become apparent in recent decades: away from alcoholic beverages and towards non-alcoholic alternatives. This indicates a tradeoff between two important and nutritionally relevant substances: alcohol and sugar. This review, therefore, addresses the question of the significance of these developments to the German wine industry, where non-alcoholic wines and sparkling wines are becoming increasingly important. The production of these products is accompanied by a reduction in alcohol content with a simultaneous increase in sugar. Furthermore, these products could also become the focus of health policy efforts when it comes to accusations of possible “alibi marketing”. Here, parallels with the handling of tobacco products become clear, while the tradeoff between alcohol and sugar recedes into the background.","PeriodicalId":72810,"journal":{"name":"Dietetics (Basel, Switzerland)","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41542348","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Lessons Learnt from Rapid Implementation of Telehealth in a Paediatric Dietetics’ Outpatient Service: Is There a Silver Lining beyond the Coronavirus Pandemic to Support Patient-Centred Care?","authors":"Araceli Llanos Jeri, K. Lambert, M. Mak, M. Diamantes","doi":"10.3390/dietetics2030019","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/dietetics2030019","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of this paper is to report on the differences in clinical and service engagement outcomes of patients attending the paediatric dietetic outpatient service at a major metropolitan hospital before the outbreak of the coronavirus (using face-to-face care) and during the pandemic (using telehealth). This paper also reports on learning lessons from the rapid implementation of telehealth in this service. This study collected pre- and post-coronavirus pandemic data from 44 paediatric patients. Data on outcomes pre- and post-implementation were analysed. There were no statistically significant differences between pre- and post-coronavirus data for growth (p = 0.92), adherence to dietetic recommendations (p = 0.08) or attendance rate (p = 1.00). This study also found a low uptake of virtual telehealth, technical issues and suboptimal anthropometric data collection associated with this modality of care. Telehealth was not associated with a change in clinical and service engagement outcomes. Thus, telehealth service delivery is not inferior to usual face–face dietetic care and has the potential to be a useful adjunct to usual nutrition care for paediatric health service users after the coronavirus pandemic.","PeriodicalId":72810,"journal":{"name":"Dietetics (Basel, Switzerland)","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41371669","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Relationship of Fruits and Fruit-Products Consumption with Glucose Homeostasis and Diabetes: A Comprehensive Update on the Current Clinical Literature","authors":"I. Ellouze, Neda S. Akhavan, Saiful Singar, Kallie Dawkins, R. Nagpal, B. Arjmandi","doi":"10.3390/dietetics2030018","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/dietetics2030018","url":null,"abstract":"Type 2 diabetes mellitus is a major contributor to morbidity and mortality worldwide. This disease often leads to poor health outcomes, such as neuropathy and diabetic foot ulcers, and increased risk for comorbidities such as cardiovascular complications and renal disease. Lifestyle modifications including diet and physical activity interventions are often explored as prevention and management strategies for T2DM. It is well established that fruits are a rich source of fiber and a variety of phytochemicals, vitamins, minerals, and bioactive compounds that can help optimize human health. Unfortunately, many experts associate the consumption of fruit with a moderate to high glycemic index (GI), which leads to a spike in blood glucose and eventually elevated hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c). The purpose of this comprehensive review is to outline the current clinical literature on the relationship between fruit consumption and various indices of glucose metabolism. A variety of fruits have been clinically studied to determine this relationship, namely in the fresh form (e.g., berries, apples, watermelon, cherries, mangoes), dried fruits (raisins and dates), and juices (derived from cranberry, orange, grape, cherry, and pomegranate). Overall, intake of fruits and fruit-derived products is beneficial for healthy subjects and subjects with T2DM regarding their impact on glucose metabolism and other cardiometabolic markers (e.g., inflammatory responses, lipid profiles). Nonetheless, it is more advisable for diabetic patients to consume fresh or dried fruits rather than fruit-derived products. A special consideration needs to be attributed to both the amount of fruit intake with regards to their respective GI and glycemic load (GL), and when these fruits are consumed. Trials with more a comprehensive design and specific outcomes are required to reveal the mechanisms underlying the beneficial effects of fruit consumption on the T2DM population particularly.","PeriodicalId":72810,"journal":{"name":"Dietetics (Basel, Switzerland)","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42004671","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of Cocoa Beverage and Dark Chocolate Intake on Lipid Profile in People Living with Normal and Elevated LDL Cholesterol: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis","authors":"I. Amoah, Jia Jiet Lim, Emmanuel Ofori Osei, M. Arthur, Jesse Charles Cobbinah, Phyllis Tawiah","doi":"10.3390/dietetics2030017","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/dietetics2030017","url":null,"abstract":"Cocoa beverage and dark chocolate are important dietary sources of polyphenol and have been hypothesised to improve the lipid profile. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to investigate the effect of cocoa beverage and dark chocolate intake on lipid profile in individuals living with normal and elevated LDL cholesterol. The question on whether cocoa beverage and chocolate differentially modify the lipid profile was also explored. A systematic literature search was conducted on PubMed and Cochrane Library on 26 February 2022 following the PRISMA guideline. Cocoa beverage and chocolate consumption had no significant effect on circulating concentrations of total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, and triglycerides (p > 0.05, all), but favourably and significantly increased circulating concentration of HDL cholesterol by 0.05 (95% CI [0.02, 0.09]) mmol/L (p = 0.002). Changes in lipid profile were similar when comparing populations with normal vs. elevated LDL cholesterol (p > 0.05, all). When considering the food matrix, cocoa beverage intake significantly increased HDL cholesterol by 0.11 (95% CI [0.06, 0.17]) mmol/L (p < 0.001), but the improvement in HDL cholesterol was not significant when chocolate (p = 0.10) or a combination of cocoa beverage and chocolate (p = 0.19) (subgroup differences, p = 0.03) was administered. Cocoa consumption could be recommended as part of a healthy diet in the general population with normal and elevated LDL cholesterol.","PeriodicalId":72810,"journal":{"name":"Dietetics (Basel, Switzerland)","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48609443","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}