Delaware journal of public health最新文献

{"title":"Machine Learning Methods for Systematic Reviews:: A Rapid Scoping Review.","authors":"Stephanie Roth, Alex Wermer-Colan","doi":"10.32481/djph.2023.11.008","DOIUrl":"10.32481/djph.2023.11.008","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>At the forefront of machine learning research since its inception has been natural language processing, also known as text mining, referring to a wide range of statistical processes for analyzing textual data and retrieving information. In medical fields, text mining has made valuable contributions in unexpected ways, not least by synthesizing data from disparate biomedical studies. This rapid scoping review examines how machine learning methods for text mining can be implemented at the intersection of these disparate fields to improve the workflow and process of conducting systematic reviews in medical research and related academic disciplines.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The primary research question that this investigation asked, \"what impact does the use of machine learning have on the methods used by systematic review teams to carry out the systematic review process, such as the precision of search strategies, unbiased article selection or data abstraction and/or analysis for systematic reviews and other comprehensive review types of similar methodology?\" A literature search was conducted by a medical librarian utilizing multiple databases, a grey literature search and handsearching of the literature. The search was completed on December 4, 2020. Handsearching was done on an ongoing basis with an end date of April 14, 2023.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The search yielded 23,190 studies after duplicates were removed. As a result, 117 studies (1.70%) met eligibility criteria for inclusion in this rapid scoping review.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>There are several techniques and/or types of machine learning methods in development or that have already been fully developed to assist with the systematic review stages. Combined with human intelligence, these machine learning methods and tools provide promise for making the systematic review process more efficient, saving valuable time for systematic review authors, and increasing the speed in which evidence can be created and placed in the hands of decision makers and the public.</p>","PeriodicalId":72774,"journal":{"name":"Delaware journal of public health","volume":"9 4","pages":"40-47"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10759980/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139089571","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"CAR T Cells for Treating Severe Atopic Allergic Diseases.","authors":"Ronald P Dudek, Zhengyu Ma","doi":"10.32481/djph.2023.11.004","DOIUrl":"10.32481/djph.2023.11.004","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The prevalence of allergic diseases is rising rapdly in the US and the world. While antibody drugs and corticosteroids can provide symptom relief, they cannot cure allergic diseases. Described herein is a novel approach to treating severe atopic allergic diseases - chimeric antigen receptor-engineered T cells - that target and eliminate the cells that produce the causative agent of all atopic allergic diseases, immunoglubulin E (IgE).</p>","PeriodicalId":72774,"journal":{"name":"Delaware journal of public health","volume":"9 4","pages":"12-15"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10759977/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139089566","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Was the 2020 Presidential Election Nerve-Wracking?: Changes in Mental Health Among College Dreamers.","authors":"Sharron Xuanren Wang, Jarid Goodman, J-P Laurenceau","doi":"10.32481/djph.2023.11.011","DOIUrl":"10.32481/djph.2023.11.011","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>U.S. presidential elections can be stressful for many Americans; however, there is little research as to how elections might influence mental health of undocumented immigrants specifically. The 2020 U.S. Presidential Election had the potential to dramatically influence immigration policies with the Democratic candidate promising a pathway toward citizenship for undocumented immigrants who arrived in the U.S. as minors (i.e., dreamers), and the incumbent Republican candidate threatening to terminate the DACA program. Using an online survey method, this exploratory longitudinal study examined whether dreamers' mental health changed following the U.S. presidential election, while also examining risk factors associated with their mental health. We employed GAD-7 and PHQ-9 questionnaires as preclinical screens for anxiety and depression. We found that the mean anxiety and depression scores decreased significantly following the election, i.e., when the democratic candidate was declared the winner. Risk factors for mental health problems also differed before and after the election. Risk factors for depression before the election included being female, Hispanic white, having a low self-reported status on the subjective social ladder, and having high perceived discrimination; risk factors for depression after the election included coming to the U.S. at an older age and high perceived discrimination. Risk factors for anxiety before the election included being female, having more siblings, both parents working, and high perceived discrimination. Risk factors for anxiety after the election included low self-reported status on the subjective social ladder, being a freshman, and high perceived discrimination. Preliminary results suggest that mental health of dreamers improved after the election. In addition, while risk factors differed before and after the election, perceived everyday discrimination remained a consistent risk factor for mental health issues.</p>","PeriodicalId":72774,"journal":{"name":"Delaware journal of public health","volume":"9 4","pages":"68-76"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10759975/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139089572","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Social Worker in The Care of The Stroke Patient.","authors":"Annamarie McDermott","doi":"10.32481/djph.2023.08.009","DOIUrl":"10.32481/djph.2023.08.009","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>As a leading cause of death and long-term disability, stroke care is a complex endeavor, requiring a coalition of healthcare professionals. As part of a multi-disciplinary team, social workers help the patient to reach individual goals and facilitate their return to and stability in their community at their highest possible functional, social, and economic level.</p>","PeriodicalId":72774,"journal":{"name":"Delaware journal of public health","volume":"9 3","pages":"38-41"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/94/67/djph-93-009.PMC10494799.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10239207","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cognitive Rehabilitation Interventions for Post-Stroke Populations.","authors":"Meghan Mulhern","doi":"10.32481/djph.2023.08.012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32481/djph.2023.08.012","url":null,"abstract":"As of 2023, stroke continues to be one of leading causes of significant long-term disability in the United States.1 Cognitive deficits are a common component of post-stroke sequala, limiting or impacting participation in functional activities of daily living. In addition to having substantial impacts on the individual diagnosed with stroke, family members, caregivers, and society also absorb the impacts of post stroke cognitive impairment in acute and chronic phases of recovery. It is estimated that approximately 60% of individuals have cognitive impairments as a result of stroke in the acute stages of recovery (within one year of their stroke) and those who experience mild severity deficits have the highest occurrence of recovery.2,3","PeriodicalId":72774,"journal":{"name":"Delaware journal of public health","volume":"9 3","pages":"70-74"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/8c/1f/djph-93-012.PMC10494803.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10239209","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Effects of Stroke and Stroke Gait Rehabilitation on Behavioral and Neurophysiological Outcomes:: Challenges and Opportunities for Future Research.","authors":"Trisha Kesar","doi":"10.32481/djph.2023.08.013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32481/djph.2023.08.013","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Stroke continues to be a leading cause of adult disability, contributing to immense healthcare costs. Even after discharge from rehabilitation, post-stroke individuals continue to have persistent gait impairments, which in turn adversely affect functional mobility and quality of life. Multiple factors, including biomechanics, energy cost, psychosocial variables, as well as the physiological function of corticospinal neural pathways influence stroke gait function and training-induced gait improvements. As a step toward addressing this challenge, the objective of the current perspective paper is to outline knowledge gaps pertinent to the measurement and retraining of stroke gait dysfunction. The paper also has recommendations for future research directions to address important knowledge gaps, especially related to the measurement and rehabilitation-induced modulation of biomechanical and neural processes underlying stroke gait dysfunction. We posit that there is a need for leveraging emerging technologies to develop innovative, comprehensive, methods to measure gait patterns quantitatively, to provide clinicians with objective measure of gait quality that can supplement conventional clinical outcomes of walking function. Additionally, we posit that there is a need for more research on how the stroke lesion affects multiple parts of the nervous system, and to understand the neuroplasticity correlates of gait training and gait recovery. Multi-modal clinical research studies that can combine clinical, biomechanical, neural, and computational modeling data provide promise for gaining new information about stroke gait dysfunction as well as the multitude of factors affecting recovery and treatment response in people with post-stroke hemiparesis.</p>","PeriodicalId":72774,"journal":{"name":"Delaware journal of public health","volume":"9 3","pages":"76-81"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/82/28/djph-93-013.PMC10494801.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10232601","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Medical Management of Acute Cerebral Ischemia.","authors":"Usman Shehzad","doi":"10.32481/djph.2023.08.006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32481/djph.2023.08.006","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This review article discusses medical management of acute cerebral ischemia including recent advances. Expansion of the thrombolysis eligibility criteria are discussed. Tenecteplase as a promising new thrombolytic is explored and the evidence supporting the use of Mobile Stroke Units is presented.</p>","PeriodicalId":72774,"journal":{"name":"Delaware journal of public health","volume":"9 3","pages":"20-26"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/83/62/djph-93-006.PMC10494791.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10241097","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Artificial Intelligence and the Evaluation and Treatment of Stroke.","authors":"Lee P Dresser,&nbsp;Michael Anders Kohn","doi":"10.32481/djph.2023.08.014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32481/djph.2023.08.014","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Stroke affects close to 800,000 Americans every year and is a major cause of disability and mortality. Prompt, accurate diagnosis and treatment of stroke is of critical importance in minimizing these deleterious effects. Recent advances in computer technology have allowed the development artificial intelligence technology that can be applied to the diagnosis, treatment and rehabilitation of victims of stroke.</p>","PeriodicalId":72774,"journal":{"name":"Delaware journal of public health","volume":"9 3","pages":"82-84"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/e9/64/djph-93-014.PMC10494798.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10239206","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Stroke Prevention.","authors":"Bruce Dopler","doi":"10.32481/djph.2023.08.003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32481/djph.2023.08.003","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Stroke has three main subtypes - ischemic stroke, intracerebral hemorrhage, and subarachnoid hemorrhage. The most common stroke subtype is ischemic stroke, making up about 88% of strokes. Many of these strokes may be prevented by lifestyle modifications. These lifestyle modifications include engaging in physical activity, dietary changes such as the Mediterranean diet, smoking cessation, and avoiding substance abuse. Addressing medical conditions such as diabetes, hypertension, lipid management, sleep apnea, and atrial fibrillation will also have a major impact on stroke prevention. In addition to stroke prevention, these strategies help with overall brain health, which may also have an impact on neurological degenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease.</p>","PeriodicalId":72774,"journal":{"name":"Delaware journal of public health","volume":"9 3","pages":"6-10"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/a1/78/djph-93-003.PMC10494800.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10239210","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nursing Care of Delaware's Stroke Patients.","authors":"Reina W McAndrew,&nbsp;Mary Ciechanowski","doi":"10.32481/djph.2023.08.008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32481/djph.2023.08.008","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This article will highlight essential nursing care in each aspect of the continuum of stroke care. Nursing interventions will be covered from primary stroke prevention through the transitions needed for healthy return to the community and secondary stroke prevention.</p>","PeriodicalId":72774,"journal":{"name":"Delaware journal of public health","volume":"9 3","pages":"34-37"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/1e/cd/djph-93-008.PMC10494796.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10239213","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}