Advances in Bioscience and Bioengineering最新文献

{"title":"Genetic Variability, Heritability and Expected Genetic Advance of Yield and Yield Related Traits in Desi Type Chickpea (<i>Cicer Arietinum </i>L.) at Bule Hora, Southern Ethiopia","authors":"Taera Itana, Wassu Mohammed, Seltene Abady","doi":"10.11648/j.abb.20241202.12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/j.abb.20241202.12","url":null,"abstract":"Chickpea is one of most important pulse crops in Ethiopia. Despite its significance, the national average chickpea yield is low due to many constraints of which the unavailability of improved varieties for each growing and potential area. This research was conducted to evaluate genetic variability, heritability, and expected genetic advance of yield and yield related traits in chickpea genotypes. It was conducted at Bule Hora during 2022/23 cropping season that 36 Desi type of chickpea genotypes were evaluated using a 6 x 6 simple lattice design. The results of the analysis of variance showed the presence of significant variations among genotypes for nine characteristics. In this study, the phenotypic variance was higher than the genotypic variance for all the traits studied. However, the difference between phenotypic and genotypic variances was low, ranging from 0.05 to 5.46 for four traits, and the difference between phenotypic and genotypic coefficients of variation was <5% (1.89 to 4.32%) for six of nine traits. Furthermore, Phenotypic (PCV) and genotypic (GCV) coefficient of variations ranged from 5.32 to 41.77% and 3.43 to 37.45%, respectively. Heritability (H²) in broad sense and genetic advance as percent of mean (GAM) ranged from 23.91 to 80.40 and 5.89 to 69.18%, respectively. The estimates of GCV and PCV, H² and GAM were high for number of pods per plant, seeds per plant in gram, and grain yield.\u0000","PeriodicalId":7276,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Bioscience and Bioengineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141388421","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Correlation and Path Analysis for Agronomic and Processing Quality Traits of Potato (<i>Solanum tuberosum</i> L.) at Holetta, Central Ethiopia","authors":"Ebrahim Seid, T. Abebe","doi":"10.11648/j.abb.20241201.13","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/j.abb.20241201.13","url":null,"abstract":"Potato is the third most important food crop in terms of consumption in the world after rice and wheat. It is a nutrient-rich vegetable with just a small amount of fat and contains 16% carbohydrates, 2% proteins, 1% minerals, and 0.6% dietary fiber. The literature on path and correlation analysis and its application as a potato breeding tool is limited in comparison to its significance for processing purpose and the knowledge it adds for upcoming breeding work. The objective of this study was to determine the relation among tuber yield and processing quality traits of potato using correlation and path coefficient analysis. This experiment was conducted at Holetta Agricultural research Centre, Ethiopia during the main crop season of 2017. The experiment was laid out in randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications using 24 potato genotypes. Strong positive and significant correlation were found between total tuber yield and marketable tuber yield (r=0.98) at both genotypic and phenotypic levels. Stronger positive correlations were found between dry matter content and starch content (r= 1) and specific gravity (r=1). Path coefficient analysis of tuber yield and its components shows that dry matter content and marketable tuber yield exerted positive highest direct influence on total tuber yield. Specific gravity of tuber had high positive direct effect on dry matter content. So, to increase the performance of these traits for tuber yield and processing quality traits path analysis can be used. As a conclusion, most of the traits had positive correlations and direct effects with total tuber yield and dry matter content at phenotypic and genotypic levels. Therefore, those traits had practical importance in selection of potato genotypes for high total tuber yield and processing purpose.","PeriodicalId":7276,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Bioscience and Bioengineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140444849","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"CO₂ Control Strategy for Large-Scale Cell Culture Bioreactor Operation","authors":"Naveenganesh Muralidharan, Thatsinee Johnson, Emma Bolduc, Mark Davis","doi":"10.11648/abb.20241201.11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/abb.20241201.11","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":7276,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Bioscience and Bioengineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139885321","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"CO₂ Control Strategy for Large-Scale Cell Culture Bioreactor Operation","authors":"Naveenganesh Muralidharan, Thatsinee Johnson, Emma Bolduc, Mark Davis","doi":"10.11648/abb.20241201.11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/abb.20241201.11","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":7276,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Bioscience and Bioengineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139825735","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of Hydro-Priming on Early Vigour, Yield, and Yield Components of Maize (<i>Zea mays </i>L<i>.) </i>at Mechara, Eastern Ethiopia","authors":"Ababa Chimdi","doi":"10.11648/j.abb.20231104.11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/j.abb.20231104.11","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":7276,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Bioscience and Bioengineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139279770","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Economic Efficiency and Its Determinants of Smallholder Sorghum Producers: The Case of Hidabu Abote District, Ethiopia","authors":"Gadisa Girma, Badassa Wolteji Chala, Diriba Idea","doi":"10.11648/j.abb.20231103.18","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/j.abb.20231103.18","url":null,"abstract":"In Ethiopia, increasing productivity and efficiency in crop production could be taken as an important step towards attaining food security. This study was aimed to measure economic efficiency and its determinants of smallholder sorghum producers in Hidabu Abote District, Ethiopia. Two stage sampling technique was used to select 153 sample farmers to collect primary data pertaining to the 2020/21 production year. Cobb-Douglas stochastic frontier and a two- limit Tobit model were used for the analysis. The result of the stochastic frontier model revealed a statistically significant positive elasticity of labour and oxen power. The estimated mean values of technical, allocative, and economic efficiency were 65.2%, 79.8%, and 51.9%, respectively. On average, there was a yield gap of 8.58 quintals/hectare due to inefficiency. A two-limit Tobit model indicates that education, soil fertility, frequency of extension contacts, sex, farm experience, and livestock owned contributed significantly and positively to efficiency, while striga weeds and distance from home to farmland had a significant and negative effect on efficiency. Therefore, due attention should be given to improve soil fertility, livestock raring, supply, striga resistance varieties, increasing the frequency of extension contact, and expanding of roads to improve the efficiency of sorghum farmers.","PeriodicalId":7276,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Bioscience and Bioengineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135485216","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Arrowroot (&amp;lt;i&amp;gt;Maranta arundinacea&amp;lt;/i&amp;gt;): Variation in Morphological and Yield Traits Across Sri Lanka&amp;apos;s Agro-Climatic Zones and Genetic Diversity Assessment","authors":"Susanga Malki, Sivashoby Sivalingam, Amani Wijesinghe, Kamani Ratnayake, Radhika Gimhani","doi":"10.11648/j.abb.20231103.17","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/j.abb.20231103.17","url":null,"abstract":"Arrowroot (<i>Maranta arundinacea</i>) is an underutilized tuber crop in Sri Lanka. Morphological characterization of arrowroot is necessary for its selection, improvement, and utilization. This study evaluated thirteen quantitative and four qualitative plant morphological traits across the arrowroot populations in Sri Lanka's seven agro-climatic zones. Principal component analysis was done to identify the lead plant morphological traits for arrowroot plant and cluster analysis was performed to evaluate the similarity level among collected plant populations. Twenty <i>M. arundinacea</i> genotypes from different agro ecological regions of Sri Lanka were screened for genetic diversity using ISSR markers. Nine of the thirteen quantitative morphological traits were found to be significantly distinct from one another. Most plant populations had high similarities, indicating that planting materials can be collected from all of the country’s agro-climatic zones and used for breeding programmes. Seven out of thirteen quantitative plant morphological traits were identified as lead plant morphological traits for production of quality rhizomes for crop selection, improvement, and application in Sri Lanka. Outcome of this first study on morphological characterization of arrowroot in Sri Lanka suggests that, for effective utilization of arrowroot, plant populations can be used from all seven agro-climatic zones for selection and crop improvement. Five ISSR markers produced 53 bands in total across 20 samples, with an average frequency of 10.6 bands per primer. The ISSR-PCR analysis revealed a high level of polymorphism (94.34%). Primer UBC 811 has the highest PIC value (0.428), indicating that it is the most informative marker for assessing genetic diversity in M. <i>arundinacea</i>. The genotypes from the wet zone and dry zone were categorized individually based on the dendrogram created using UPGMA cluster analysis. The study found genetic variety in M. <i>arundinacea</i> based on their varied agro ecological zones, and the current findings will be useful in future crop improvement efforts in M. <i>arundinacea</i>.","PeriodicalId":7276,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Bioscience and Bioengineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134970358","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Factors Responsible for the Success of Anther Culture in Pepper Plant: A Review","authors":"Ousman Yimer, Mohammed Abu","doi":"10.11648/j.abb.20231103.16","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/j.abb.20231103.16","url":null,"abstract":"Following the first successful plant regeneration from pepper in 1973, numerous research projects have been carried out to determine the factors influencing the induction of pepper plant regeneration and for the optimization of an anther culture in pepper. However, a variety of factors, are responsible for successful production of embryos. Critical factors for embryo production and plantlet regeneration are growing condition, donor plants growth conditions, selection of flower buds with microspores at the proper time and stage, and etc. This paper reviewed findings on three important factors responsible for the success of anther culture which is valuable for future research works and to understand factors in the development of haploid plants aimed at accelerating the breeding programs of pepper plants. One of the factors influencing the growth of anther culture is the effects of the growing season. The highest embryogenic yields were recorded with a genotype of growing in the summer season than that of winter season. The genotype of the donor plant is the second most crucial factor affecting androgenic potential, and it is essential to know the developmental time of pollen that can enhance anther culture efficiency. The breeding process for the development of plant varieties with high yield, disease resistance, and better quality attributes can be sped up by using a highly reproducible anther culture technique with optimized culture variables. In addition to the aforementioned variables, other factors would be taken into consideration for the effective development of another culture in pepper.","PeriodicalId":7276,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Bioscience and Bioengineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134971452","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Relationships and Path Coefficient Analysis of Yield and Yield-Related Traits of Finger Millet [&amp;lt;i&amp;gt;Eleusine coracana&amp;lt;/i&amp;gt; (L.) Gaertn.] Genotypes at Mechara, Eastern Ethiopia","authors":"Ababa Chimdi, Bulti Tesso, Chemeda Daba, Melkamu Asfawu","doi":"10.11648/j.abb.20231103.15","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/j.abb.20231103.15","url":null,"abstract":"Finger millet is a major grain crop in Ethiopia, but due to a lack of high-yielding cultivars and a lack of genetic information, production is not at its genetic potential. The purpose of the current study is to ascertain the direct and indirect effects of yield-related traits on grain yield in finger millet genotypes as well as the relationship between yield and yield-related variables. The current study was carried out at the Mechara Agricultural Research Center during the 2021 cropping season. Sixty-four finger millet accessions, including three checks: Ikhulule, Meba, and Kumsa, were examined for 17 characteristics using an 8 × 8 simple lattice design. The findings indicated that, both at the genotypic and phenotypic levels, grain yield had a highly significant positive connection with the number of productive tillers (0.59), thousand grain weight (0.43), biomass yield (0.47), harvest index (0.41), leaf numbers (0.32), ear weight (0.41), and number of ears (0.32). At both the genotypic and phenotypic levels, the biomass yield (0.812) and harvest index (0.803) showed a strong positive direct influence on grain yield. Therefore, to develop a high-yielding finger millet genotype, the traits of number of productive tillers, thousand grain weight, biomass yield, harvest index, leaf numbers, ear weight, and number of ears should be carefully considered in developing an effective selection strategy.","PeriodicalId":7276,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Bioscience and Bioengineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136362887","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Genetic Variability, Correlation and Path Analysis of Yield and Yield Related Traits of Bread Wheat (&amp;lt;i&amp;gt;Triticum aestivum&amp;lt;/i&amp;gt; L.) Genotypes for Moisture Stress Areas of Borana","authors":"Natol Bakala","doi":"10.11648/j.abb.20231103.13","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/j.abb.20231103.13","url":null,"abstract":"Thirty-six bread wheat genotypes were evaluated in 6*6 simple lattice design at Yabello on station. The experiment was objected to estimate the genotypic and phenotypic variance, heritability, genetic advance and coefficient of variation analysis of yield and yield contributing traits and to identify the trait and breeding procedure for bread wheat yield and yield contributing traits improvement. The result revealed difference among genotypes for all measured traits except harvest index. The estimates of genetic phenotypic variance were greater than genetic variance for all traits. The highest genetic variability was recorded for days to maturity 46.09 while the lowest was recorded for harvest index (0.0002). Among all traits, higher GCV and PCV values (>20%) were observed for grain yield and spike length while the lowest GCV and PCV values (<10%) were recorded for days to maturity, thousand seed weight, plant height and harvest index. The result revealed, all traits showed, in the range of high heritability above 60%. The knowledge on heritability of traits is helpful to decide the selection procedure to be followed to improve the trait in a situation. Generally, direct selection may be effective based on days to maturity, grain yield, and total biomass yield to develop a high yielding bread wheat variety with better quality. For the traits like plant height, thousand seed weight and harvest index Heterosis breeding is suitable to develop a variety. Therefore, it was suggested that breeders should consider the yield related traits to get the desired genetic constitute for future breeding strategy.","PeriodicalId":7276,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Bioscience and Bioengineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136363011","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}