Factors Responsible for the Success of Anther Culture in Pepper Plant: A Review

Abstract

Following the first successful plant regeneration from pepper in 1973, numerous research projects have been carried out to determine the factors influencing the induction of pepper plant regeneration and for the optimization of an anther culture in pepper. However, a variety of factors, are responsible for successful production of embryos. Critical factors for embryo production and plantlet regeneration are growing condition, donor plants growth conditions, selection of flower buds with microspores at the proper time and stage, and etc. This paper reviewed findings on three important factors responsible for the success of anther culture which is valuable for future research works and to understand factors in the development of haploid plants aimed at accelerating the breeding programs of pepper plants. One of the factors influencing the growth of anther culture is the effects of the growing season. The highest embryogenic yields were recorded with a genotype of growing in the summer season than that of winter season. The genotype of the donor plant is the second most crucial factor affecting androgenic potential, and it is essential to know the developmental time of pollen that can enhance anther culture efficiency. The breeding process for the development of plant varieties with high yield, disease resistance, and better quality attributes can be sped up by using a highly reproducible anther culture technique with optimized culture variables. In addition to the aforementioned variables, other factors would be taken into consideration for the effective development of another culture in pepper.