Current drug abuse reviews最新文献_第9页

Ibogaine in the treatment of substance dependence. 伊博格因在药物依赖治疗中的应用。

Current drug abuse reviews Pub Date : 2013-03-01 DOI: 10.2174/15672050113109990001

Thomas Kingsley Brown

引用次数: 88

Studying the effects of classic hallucinogens in the treatment of alcoholism: rationale, methodology, and current research with psilocybin. 研究经典致幻剂治疗酒精中毒的效果:原理、方法和目前的裸盖菇素研究。

Current drug abuse reviews Pub Date : 2013-03-01 DOI: 10.2174/15733998113099990002

Michael P Bogenschutz

引用次数: 42

Cognitive function in ecstasy naive abstinent drug dependants and MDMA users. 摇头丸初次戒断药物依赖者和MDMA使用者的认知功能。

Current drug abuse reviews Pub Date : 2013-03-01 DOI: 10.2174/1874473711306010008

Adam Potter, Luke Downey, Con Stough

{"title":"Cognitive function in ecstasy naive abstinent drug dependants and MDMA users.","authors":"Adam Potter, Luke Downey, Con Stough","doi":"10.2174/1874473711306010008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1874473711306010008","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction/aims: 'Hidden' symptoms, or subtle cognitive deficits and long-term changes in mood, have been linked to the recreational use of 3, 4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine/MDMA, and are notionally present in non-heavy polydrug users. This study assessed the cognitive functioning and mood profiles of clinically diagnosed drug dependents who had never consumed MDMA, recreational drug users that had previously consumed MDMA, with both groups having not consumed illicit drugs for 6-months, and a control group with limited illicit drug use and no MDMA usage in their past.Methods: Cognitive functioning was assessed using the Cognitive Drug Research computerised cognitive assessment system and participants completed the Profile of Mood States and Beck Depression Inventory to assess their current mood and depression.Results: Participants in the clinically diagnosed drug dependent group scored significantly worse on the 'Quality of Working Memory' cognitive factor score than both the MDMA and control group (F (2, 33) = 5.75, p = 0.007). The control and clinical groups also differed on depression scores (U [16] = 13.00, p = 0.016) and Tension/Anxiety scores (U [16] = 16.00, p = 0.034), with the clinical group scoring significantly higher in both cases. The MDMA group did not differ from the control group on the measures of cognition or mood.Discussion/conclusions: These results suggest that despite a 6-month prolonged abstinence the cognitive deficits ostensibly caused by 'heavy' usage or the dependence on or abuse of illicit drugs are not reversed by abstinence.","PeriodicalId":72730,"journal":{"name":"Current drug abuse reviews","volume":"6 1","pages":"71-6"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2174/1874473711306010008","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"31140724","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 9

Salvia divinorum: a psychopharmacological riddle and a mind-body prospect. 鼠尾草:一个心理药理学之谜和身心前景。

Current drug abuse reviews Pub Date : 2013-03-01 DOI: 10.2174/18744737112059990004

Jose-Luis Diaz

{"title":"Salvia divinorum: a psychopharmacological riddle and a mind-body prospect.","authors":"Jose-Luis Diaz","doi":"10.2174/18744737112059990004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/18744737112059990004","url":null,"abstract":"The multidisciplinary research on Salvia divinorum and its chemical principles is analyzed concerning whether the ethnobotany, phytochemistry, mental effects, and neuropharmacology of this sacred psychoactive plant and main principle clarify its experienced effects and divinatory uses. The scientific pursuit spans from the traditional practices, continues with the botanical identification, isolation of active molecules, characterization of mental and neural effects, possible therapeutic applications, and impinges upon the mind-body problem. The departure point is ethnopharmacology and therefore the traditional beliefs, ritual uses, and mental effects of this Mazatec sacred mint recorded during a 1973- 1983 field research project are described. A water potion of crushed leaves produced short-lasting light-headedness, dysphoria, tactile and proprioceptive sensations, a sense of depersonalization, amplified sound perception, and an increase visual and auditory imagery, but not actual hallucinations. Similar effects were described using questionnaires and are attributable to salvinorin A, but cannot be explained solely by its specific and potent brain kappa-opioid receptor agonist activity. Some requirements for a feasible classification and mechanism of action of consciousness-altering products are proposed and include the activation of neural networks comprising several neurochemical systems. Top-down analyses should be undertaken in order to characterize such neural networks and eventually allowing to explore the differential ethnic effects. As is the case for other consciousness-altering preparations, a careful and encompassing research on this plant and principle can be consequential to endeavors ranging from the mind-body problem, a better understanding of shamanic ecstasy, to the potential generation of analgesic, antidepressant, and drug-abuse attenuating products. ","PeriodicalId":72730,"journal":{"name":"Current drug abuse reviews","volume":"6 1","pages":"43-53"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2174/18744737112059990004","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"31393050","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 18

Buprenorphine and buprenorphine/naloxone intoxication in children - how strong is the risk? 儿童丁丙诺啡和丁丙诺啡/纳洛酮中毒的风险有多大?

Current drug abuse reviews Pub Date : 2013-03-01 DOI: 10.2174/18744737112059990010

Michael Soyka

{"title":"Buprenorphine and buprenorphine/naloxone intoxication in children - how strong is the risk?","authors":"Michael Soyka","doi":"10.2174/18744737112059990010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/18744737112059990010","url":null,"abstract":"Opioid maintenance therapy with methadone or buprenorphine is an established and first-line treatment for opioid dependence. Risk of diversion and toxicity of opioid prescription drugs, including buprenorphine, causes significant concerns. This is particularly the case in the United States, where the number of related emergency visits is increasing, especially in children. A systematic literature research (Medline, Pubmed) was performed to assess the risk associated with buprenorphine. The search, which was not limited to particular publication years, was performed with the key words buprenorphine AND toxicity (114 counts ) AND children (4 counts) and buprenorphine AND mortality AND children (5 counts). In addition, the author obtained information from relevant websites (NIDA, SAMSHA) and pharmacovigilance data from the manufacturer of buprenorphine. Clinical and toxicological data suggest a low risk for fatal intoxications associated with bupreorphine in adults. Data from emergency units indicate a dramatic, 20-fold increase in buprenorphine exposure in children over the past decade, mostly in those under 6. The US 'Researched Abuse, Diversion and Addiction-Related Surveillance' (RADARS) system indicates a lower risk of severe opioid intoxications with buprenorphine than with other opioids, with no fatal outcomes recorded. Correspondingly, data from spontaneous reports to the surveillance programme of the manufacturer of buprenorphine (13,600 buprenorphine exposures, 4879 of these in children under six) show a serious medical outcome in 34% of children under the age of six but only one fatal outcome. Although exposure to buprenorphine and other opioids remains a significant concern in children, the drug seems rather to be safe with respect to severe outcomes, in particular death. ","PeriodicalId":72730,"journal":{"name":"Current drug abuse reviews","volume":"6 1","pages":"63-70"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2174/18744737112059990010","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"31397585","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 8

Cigarette smoking in methadone maintained patients: an up-to-date review. 美沙酮维持患者吸烟:最新综述。

Current drug abuse reviews Pub Date : 2013-03-01 DOI: 10.2174/1874473711306010009

Ali Zirakzadeh, Charles Shuman, Erinn Stauter, J Taylor Hays, Jon O Ebbert

引用次数: 44

Ayahuasca-assisted therapy for addiction: results from a preliminary observational study in Canada. 死藤水辅助成瘾治疗:来自加拿大初步观察研究的结果。

Current drug abuse reviews Pub Date : 2013-03-01 DOI: 10.2174/15733998113099990003

Gerald Thomas, Philippe Lucas, N Rielle Capler, Kenneth W Tupper, Gina Martin

{"title":"Ayahuasca-assisted therapy for addiction: results from a preliminary observational study in Canada.","authors":"Gerald Thomas, Philippe Lucas, N Rielle Capler, Kenneth W Tupper, Gina Martin","doi":"10.2174/15733998113099990003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/15733998113099990003","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: This paper reports results from a preliminary observational study of ayahuasca-assisted treatment for problematic substance use and stress delivered in a rural First Nations community in British Columbia, Canada.Methods: The \"Working with Addiction and Stress\" retreats combined four days of group counselling with two expert-led ayahuasca ceremonies. This study collected pre-treatment and six months follow-up data from 12 participants on several psychological and behavioral factors related to problematic substance use, and qualitative data assessing the personal experiences of the participants six months after the retreat.Findings: Statistically significant (p < 0.05) improvements were demonstrated for scales assessing hopefulness, empowerment, mindfulness, and quality of life meaning and outlook subscales. Self-reported alcohol, tobacco and cocaine use declined, although cannabis and opiate use did not; reported reductions in problematic cocaine use were statistically significant. All study participants reported positive and lasting changes from participating in the retreats.Conclusions: This form of ayahuasca-assisted therapy appears to be associated with statistically significant improvements in several factors related to problematic substance use among a rural aboriginal population. These findings suggest participants may have experienced positive psychological and behavioral changes in response to this therapeutic approach, and that more rigorous research of ayahuasca-assisted therapy for problematic substance use is warranted.","PeriodicalId":72730,"journal":{"name":"Current drug abuse reviews","volume":"6 1","pages":"30-42"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2174/15733998113099990003","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"31393049","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 247

Editorial: Second International Conference on Novel Psychoactive Substances (NPSs): keynote addresses and conference abstracts. 社论:第二届新型精神活性物质国际会议:主题演讲和会议摘要。

Current drug abuse reviews Pub Date : 2013-01-01 DOI: 10.2174/187447370604140616121012

A C Parrott, O Corazza, F Schifano, P Griffiths, R Sedefov, A Gallegos, R M Murray, Z Demetrovics, V Curran, G Bersani, L T Singer

引用次数: 1

Editorial: Can hangover immunity be really claimed? 社论:宿醉免疫真的可以宣称吗?

Current drug abuse reviews Pub Date : 2013-01-01 DOI: 10.2174/187447370604140616120736

Joris C Verster, Suzanne de Klerk, Adriana C Bervoets, L Darren Kruisselbrink

引用次数: 27

Editorial: Cognitive enhancement: are we barking up the wrong tree? 社论:认知增强:我们找错对象了吗?

Current drug abuse reviews Pub Date : 2012-12-01 DOI: 10.2174/1874473711205040001

Andrew Scholey, Con Stough, Joris C Verster

{"title":"Editorial: Cognitive enhancement: are we barking up the wrong tree?","authors":"Andrew Scholey, Con Stough, Joris C Verster","doi":"10.2174/1874473711205040001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1874473711205040001","url":null,"abstract":"There are surprisingly few studies directly comparing the effects of nutraceutical and pharmaceuticals. However, a recent comparison of effects sizes (Cohen's d) from studies on modafinil and ginseng (and the long term benefits of Bacopa) was conducted [16]. In non sleep deprived individuals modafinil was associated with effect sizes ranging from d = 0.083 to d = 0.774. The latter was for accuracy of Visual Spatial Memory. For Ginseng there was larger variation in the effect sizes across mood and cognitive domains, ranging from d = -.340 (from a high dose of Ginseng) to d = 1.396. The latter related to reversal of self-rated mental fatigue during intense cognitive processing. In the context of cognitive processing the largest effect size (d = 0.860) was for simple reaction time. Thus it appears that herbal extracts may be at least as promising as pharmaceuticals as cognitive enhancers. Perhaps this is not so surprising when one considers that most pharmaceutical approaches to cognitive enhancement rely on the \"magic bullet\" approach to brain function. That is, they tend to target one neurotransmitter (or neurotransmitter family). It does seem unlikely that a phenomenon as complex as human cognitive function will benefit greatly from such an approach. Herbal extracts on the other hand, may contain multiple active components. These may exert multiple subtle effects which individually either have positive or negative effects on behaviour, but together may affect multiple neuronal, metabolic and hormonal systems which underpin behavioural processes. This polypharmacological approach may offer more promise in the context of cognitive enhancement.","PeriodicalId":72730,"journal":{"name":"Current drug abuse reviews","volume":"5 4","pages":"255-6"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2174/1874473711205040001","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"31133751","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 2