Cancer diagnosis & prognosis最新文献

{"title":"Lipid Profiles in Breast Cancer: Clinical Associations and Biological Insights.","authors":"Anastasia Nikolakopoulou, Kalliopi Stavrati, Konstantinos Nastos, Dimitrios Papaconstantinou, Vasiliki Michalaki, Georgios Koutroulis, Nikolaos Dafnios, Ioannis Papakonstantinou, Christos Papadimitriou","doi":"10.21873/cdp.10563","DOIUrl":"10.21873/cdp.10563","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Alterations in lipid metabolism are increasingly recognized as important contributors to breast cancer biology. Lipids regulate membrane structure, intracellular signaling, and energy homeostasis, and cancer cells undergo lipid metabolic reprogramming to support tumor growth and progression. This narrative review summarizes current evidence on the relationship between circulating lipid profiles and breast cancer risk, tumor characteristics, and outcomes, with a focus on total cholesterol, triglycerides, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), as well as the effects of endocrine therapies on lipid metabolism. Epidemiological studies show heterogeneous and lipid-specific associations that vary by menopausal status, tumor subtype, and study design. Triglycerides and LDL-C are most consistently linked to aggressive tumor features and disease progression, whereas total cholesterol appears to reflect broader metabolic and hormonal disturbances rather than a direct causal role. HDL-C shows inconsistent associations, likely due to functional heterogeneity not captured by circulating HDL-C levels alone. Mechanistic studies support a role for lipid metabolism in promoting tumor growth, invasion, angiogenesis, and therapy resistance. Endocrine therapies further modify lipid profiles, with tamoxifen generally reducing total cholesterol and LDL-C while increasing triglycerides, and aromatase inhibitors showing largely neutral effects in recent population-based studies. Overall, circulating lipid fractions are not suitable as standalone biomarkers but may provide clinically relevant information when interpreted in the context of tumor biology, metabolic health, and long-term survivorship care.</p>","PeriodicalId":72510,"journal":{"name":"Cancer diagnosis & prognosis","volume":"6 4","pages":"630-638"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13322036/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148370987","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Baseline Neutrophil-to-Lymphocyte Ratio Predicts Overall Survival in PD-L1-positive Advanced Triple-negative Breast Cancer With Immune-checkpoint-inhibitor Treatment.","authors":"Akihiro Fujimoto, Yuki Ichinose, Kazuo Matsuura, Emi Mikami, Wakako Inohana, Taeko Kurosawa, Ayako Nakame, Ayaka Sakakibara, Asami Nukui, Aya Asano, Hiroko Shimada, Hideki Yokogawa, Masahiro Ohara, Hiroshi Ishiguro, Takahiro Hasebe, Akihiko Osaki, Toshiaki Saeki","doi":"10.21873/cdp.10568","DOIUrl":"10.21873/cdp.10568","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background/aim: </strong>Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have improved clinical outcomes in patients with advanced triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC); however, substantial heterogeneity exists in treatment durability and survival. Simple blood-based immune markers may provide prognostic information; however, their clinical relevance in ICI-treated TNBC remain unclear.</p><p><strong>Patients and methods: </strong>We conducted a retrospective single-center study of patients with advanced TNBC treated with ICIs, including atezolizumab or pembrolizumab. Baseline peripheral immune markers - absolute lymphocyte count (ALC) and neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) - were evaluated prior to treatment initiation. Time-to-treatment failure (TTF) and overall survival (OS) were analyzed using the Kaplan-Meier method and Cox proportional hazards model.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 43 patients were included. In the Kaplan-Meier analysis, high baseline NLR was significantly associated with both shorter TTF and OS. Low baseline ALC was significantly associated with shorter TTF but not with OS. In the multivariate Cox proportional hazards analysis of TTF, no baseline clinical or immune parameters were identified as independent prognostic factors. In contrast, multivariate analysis for OS demonstrated that high baseline NLR was the only independent prognostic factor.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>NLR was independently associated with OS, suggesting it functions as a prognostic marker of systemic inflammatory and immune balance. In contrast, ALC was associated with treatment durability but not long-term survival, indicating its relevance to treatment tolerance rather than survival outcomes. These findings highlight the clinical utility of simple blood-based immune markers for risk stratification in ICI-treated TNBC.</p>","PeriodicalId":72510,"journal":{"name":"Cancer diagnosis & prognosis","volume":"6 4","pages":"682-691"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13321945/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148371050","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Clinical Significance of Transjugular Liver Biopsy in Liver Dysfunction During Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor Therapy.","authors":"Toru Ishikawa, Masaya Goto, Ryo Jimbo, Shun Yamazaki, Takahiro Iwasawa, Terasu Honma","doi":"10.21873/cdp.10577","DOIUrl":"10.21873/cdp.10577","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background/aim: </strong>Transjugular liver biopsy (TJLB) is indicated for patients unsuitable for percutaneous liver biopsy owing to coagulation abnormalities or ascites. While immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) are cornerstone therapies for cancers, immune-related adverse events (irAEs) remain a concern. Specifically, concurrent pancytopenia or coagulation abnormalities often preclude percutaneous biopsy in these patients. The aim of this study was to evaluate the outcomes and utility of TJLB in patients with suspected ICI-induced liver injury.</p><p><strong>Patients and methods: </strong>This study involved seven patients who developed liver injury while receiving ICI therapy at our institution and required histological diagnosis <i>via</i> TJLB. All TJLB procedures were performed using the right internal jugular vein approach.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The mean age of patients (six male and one female) was 68.14±9.61 years. Among patients with liver cancer receiving ICIs, two received atezolizumab plus bevacizumab and two received durvalumab plus tremelimumab. Among patients with lung cancer, three received pembrolizumab. Laboratory findings at TJLB were as follows: alanine aminotransferase, 553.28±903.76 U/l; aspartate aminotransferase, 440.57±571.05 U/l; total bilirubin, 4.82±4.77 mg/dl; and gamma-glutamyltransferase, 267.42±320.21 U/l. In one patient with liver cancer, liver dysfunction worsened due to underlying liver disease. Both patients with liver cancer treated with durvalumab plus tremelimumab had confirmed irAEs. One patient with lung cancer had confirmed irAEs, whereas another was diagnosed with drug-induced liver injury. One patient with lung cancer treated with later-line ICIs showed no tumor lesions in the liver on imaging but had elevated wedged hepatic venous pressure, indicating liver dysfunction due to tumor infiltration.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>TJLB is a valuable tool for the early diagnosis of ICI-related liver injury and establishing treatment guidelines based on the underlying etiology.</p>","PeriodicalId":72510,"journal":{"name":"Cancer diagnosis & prognosis","volume":"6 4","pages":"761-768"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13322099/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148371036","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparison of Automated Urinalysis Parameter Atyp.C and Urine Cytology for Detecting Bladder Carcinoma <i>In Situ</i>.","authors":"Ryu Shigehisa, Satoshi Fukata, Keisuke Sugimoto, Shiori Miyazaki, Shinji Tokuhiro, Anantya Pustimbara, Chiaki Kawada, Rie Yoshimura, Keisuke Mizutani, Daigo Takemori, Yuhei Shiba, Shinkuro Yamamoto, Hiroto Osakabe, Tomoya Nao, Tsutomu Shimamoto, Hideo Fukuhara, Nobutaka Shimizu, Shingo Ashida, Keiji Inoue","doi":"10.21873/cdp.10571","DOIUrl":"10.21873/cdp.10571","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background/aim: </strong>Urine cytology is a standard non-invasive test for detecting atypical urothelial cells in bladder cancer, although its sensitivity remains limited. While Atyp.C reflects cytological atypia and may aid in detecting urothelial malignancy, its diagnostic performance in bladder carcinoma <i>in situ</i> (CIS) has not been specifically evaluated.</p><p><strong>Patients and methods: </strong>We retrospectively analyzed patients with pathologically confirmed bladder CIS treated from January 2022 to July 2025. The diagnostic sensitivities of urine cytology and Atyp.C were compared, and the performance of their combination was assessed using exact McNemar tests and paired bootstrap analyses. Additional analyses were performed for pure CIS, primary bladder cancer, and recurrent bladder cancer.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>This study included 61 patients. The overall sensitivity was 77% for urine cytology and 73.8% for Atyp.C, with only a small difference and bootstrap confidence intervals crossing zero. Combined testing showed a higher sensitivity (85.2%), but this increase was not statistically significant. Similar diagnostic performance and no significant incremental benefit were observed across the additional analyses.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Atyp.C demonstrated diagnostic sensitivity comparable to urine cytology for the detection of bladder CIS. As an automated and cost-neutral parameter, Atyp.C may be a useful complementary indicator in routine clinical practice.</p>","PeriodicalId":72510,"journal":{"name":"Cancer diagnosis & prognosis","volume":"6 4","pages":"715-722"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13321950/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148370965","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"HER2 Expression and Nuclear Localization in Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma: Implications for Prognosis and Therapeutic Targeting.","authors":"María Alicia Cortés, Héctor Marcelo Marín, Nadia Barbás, Rosalia Cordo-Ruso, Lucia Rott, Gustavo Emilio Giusiano, Luis Antonio Merino","doi":"10.21873/cdp.10565","DOIUrl":"10.21873/cdp.10565","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background/aim: </strong>The HER2 oncoprotein is a membrane-associated receptor with tyrosine kinase activity that is overexpressed in several solid tumors and is associated with poor prognosis. However, its role in renal cancer remains unclear. This study aimed to evaluate HER2 expression in renal cell carcinoma and its relationship with prognostic factors.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>A total of 110 renal epithelial tumor samples were analyzed. Immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence were performed using antibodies against HER2, hypoxia-inducible factor α (HIF1α), and EPAS1. Associations with clinicopathological parameters were evaluated using the Chi-square test.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Renal cell carcinoma occurred predominantly in males and was associated with larger tumor size. HER2 expression was detected specifically in the clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) subtype. Membranous HER2 expression was positive (3+) in 32% of cases and equivocal (2+) in 47%. Nuclear HER2 localization was observed in 33% of tumors. Membranous HER2 expression was associated with EPAS1/HIF2 expression, whereas nuclear HER2 expression was associated with higher Fuhrman nuclear grades (III-IV). Membranous HER2 was detected in both early (stage I) and advanced clinical stages (III-IV).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>HER2 expression in ccRCC occurs in both membranous and nuclear compartments. Membranous HER2 is associated with EPAS1/HIF2 signaling, whereas nuclear HER2 localization correlates with higher Fuhrman nuclear grades. These findings suggest that HER2 may represent a potential therapeutic target and that its nuclear localization may serve as a marker of poor prognosis.</p>","PeriodicalId":72510,"journal":{"name":"Cancer diagnosis & prognosis","volume":"6 4","pages":"649-659"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13322055/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148371042","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Living-donor Kidney Transplantation After Resection of Mixed Epithelial and Stromal Tumor: A Positive Outcome Despite Not Observing the Recommended Waiting Period.","authors":"Keisuke Nakai, Yuki Kobari, Mayu Hakozaki, Takashi Ikeda, Ayaka Saito, Daigo Okada, Arisa Wada, Hironori Fukuda, Takayuki Nakayama, Kohei Unagami, Kazuhiko Yoshida, Toshihito Hirai, Tomokazu Shimizu, Junpei Iizuka, Hideki Ishida, Yoji Nagashima, Toshio Takagi","doi":"10.21873/cdp.10567","DOIUrl":"10.21873/cdp.10567","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background/aim: </strong>Mixed epithelial and stromal tumor (MEST) is a benign renal neoplasm. For MEST cases requiring kidney transplantation, a waiting period is essential. However, reports on the management of MEST cases awaiting kidney transplantation are limited. We report the case of a patient with end-stage renal disease and bilateral renal pelvic tumors who was pathologically diagnosed with MEST and successfully underwent living-donor kidney transplantation without the recommended waiting period.</p><p><strong>Case report: </strong>A 52-year-old woman had been diagnosed with mesangial proliferative glomerulonephritis 10 years earlier. Her renal function had gradually declined, and maintenance hemodialysis had been initiated 1 year before referral to us. She preferred living-donor kidney transplantation and was referred to our hospital after computed tomography at a previous institution revealed bilateral renal pelvic masses with well-defined margins and contrast enhancement. Voided urine cytology was classified as atypical urothelial cells. At the patient's request, ureteroscopic examination was not performed. For diagnostic and therapeutic purposes, robot-assisted left nephroureterectomy was performed. Histopathological examination revealed MEST, and this was confirmed <i>via</i> the histopathological examination of the right-sided lesion. Based on this diagnosis, right nephroureterectomy, followed by living-donor kidney transplantation up to the right iliac fossa, was performed 6 months after the left nephroureterectomy. The postoperative course was uneventful, and the patient was discharged on postoperative day 9. No evidence of recurrence or metastasis has been observed during 1 year of follow-up.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This case demonstrates that living-donor kidney transplantation without a mandatory waiting period may benefit patients with end-stage renal disease when a definitive diagnosis of MEST is established before transplantation.</p>","PeriodicalId":72510,"journal":{"name":"Cancer diagnosis & prognosis","volume":"6 4","pages":"674-681"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13321925/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148370973","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Diagnostic and Prognostic Applications of PET/CT in Small-cell Lung Cancer.","authors":"Yukinori Okada, Tatsuhiko Zama, Tomohiro Itonaga, Ryuji Mikami, Mitsuru Okubo, Shinji Sugahara, Shiho Wada, Tsubasa Kawamoto, Yui Mabuchi, Masumi Kawaguchi, Masanori Ishida, Motoki Nakai, Koichiro Abe, Mana Yoshimura, Kazuhiro Saito","doi":"10.21873/cdp.10561","DOIUrl":"10.21873/cdp.10561","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background/aim: </strong>In small-cell lung cancer, treatment differs between extensive disease (ED) and limited disease (LD). Chemotherapy plus immune checkpoint inhibitors is used in patients with ED. In patients with LD, chemoradiotherapy or chemoradiotherapy plus immune checkpoint inhibitors is used. Therefore, initial staging is important. Some reports exist on the utility of positron emission tomography-computed tomography (PET/CT); in particular, PET/CT can change the diagnosis between LD and ED. This review aimed to summarize the utility of PET/CT in small-cell lung cancer.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>We identified relevant articles published on PUBMED between 2010 and 2025 using selected keywords. We categorized the contents into disease staging, prognosis prediction, and topics, and then summarized section-by-section.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In addition to cancer staging between ED and LD, PET/CT can be used to evaluate semiquantitative indicators such as the maximum standard uptake value (SUVmax), total lesion glycolysis (TLG), and metabolic tumor volume (MTV). This is important as SUVmax, TLG, and MTV have been shown to predict treatment response.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>PET/CT is useful for staging small-cell lung cancers. However, reports on its usefulness for prognostic prediction are mixed, with some finding it useful and others not. Further research is needed as treatment approaches for small-cell lung cancer are evolving.</p>","PeriodicalId":72510,"journal":{"name":"Cancer diagnosis & prognosis","volume":"6 4","pages":"608-618"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13321951/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148370994","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Possible Sarcopenia and Functional Decline After Colorectal or Gastric Cancer Surgery.","authors":"Naohiro Furuya, Junichi Ando, Hinata Murakami, Aoi Hashimoto, Yuki Takano, Daisuke Soma","doi":"10.21873/cdp.10575","DOIUrl":"10.21873/cdp.10575","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background/aim: </strong>While possible sarcopenia may influence short-term outcomes following gastrointestinal cancer surgery, its relationship with physical function at discharge remains poorly characterized. This study investigated the association between preoperative possible sarcopenia and functional decline at discharge.</p><p><strong>Patients and methods: </strong>This single-center retrospective cohort study included 200 consecutive patients who underwent elective colorectal or gastric cancer resection at Saitama Sekishinkai Hospital between January 2024 and August 2025. Possible sarcopenia was defined according to the Asian Working Group for Sarcopenia 2025 (AWGS 2025) criteria. Functional decline at discharge was defined as a decrease of ≥1 point in the Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB) total score from the preoperative assessment to discharge. Modified Poisson regression was used to estimate relative risks (RRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Of the 200 patients, 54 (27.0%) had possible sarcopenia and 37 (18.5%) showed functional decline at discharge. Functional decline occurred in 19 of 54 patients (35.2%) with possible sarcopenia and in 18 of 146 patients (12.3%) without possible sarcopenia. Possible sarcopenia was associated with functional decline in the crude model (RR=2.85, 95%CI=1.59-5.15; <i>p</i><0.001), after adjustment for age and sex (RR=2.43, 95%CI=1.30-4.57; <i>p</i>=0.006), and after further adjustment for body mass index, Charlson Comorbidity Index, cancer location, surgical method, and preoperative SPPB scores (RR=2.15, 95%CI=1.09-4.25; <i>p</i>=0.027). Similar results were observed in patients aged ≥65 years.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Preoperative possible sarcopenia was independently associated with functional decline at discharge after colorectal or gastric cancer resection. Handgrip strength assessment may be a practical preoperative screening tool for identifying patients at risk and for planning perioperative rehabilitation or prehabilitation.</p>","PeriodicalId":72510,"journal":{"name":"Cancer diagnosis & prognosis","volume":"6 4","pages":"745-754"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13321994/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148371014","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Early Initiation of Adjuvant Nivolumab After Esophagectomy Is Associated With Immune-related Liver Injury.","authors":"Natsuru Sudo, Yoh Kajiyama, Kohei Sato, Jun Yamamoto, Masanori Nobuhiro, Kazuaki Kobayashi, Shirou Kuwabara","doi":"10.21873/cdp.10579","DOIUrl":"10.21873/cdp.10579","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background/aim: </strong>Adjuvant nivolumab after esophagectomy is increasingly being adopted for patients with esophageal cancer. However, its safety and efficacy following neoadjuvant docetaxel, cisplatin, and 5-fluorouracil (DCF) remain unclear. At our institution, we observed a high incidence of immunerelated liver injury (irLI). In this study, we evaluated the short-term outcomes of adjuvant nivolumab therapy and investigated the risk factors associated with irLI development.</p><p><strong>Patients and methods: </strong>This single-center study included 34 patients with thoracic esophageal squamous cell carcinoma who received neoadjuvant DCF, underwent esophagectomy, and were administered adjuvant nivolumab between 2022 and 2024. Patient demographics, details of adverse events, including irLI, and short-term survival data were retrospectively collected from medical records. Clinicopathological features associated with irLI were evaluated using univariate and multivariate analyses.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Adverse events related to adjuvant nivolumab occurred in 22 of 34 patients (64.7%), and irLI developed in 14 of 34 patients (41.2%); all irLI cases were Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events Grade ≥3. The median interval from surgery to nivolumab initiation was 28 days in the patients who developed irLI. IrLI occurred in 13 of 22 patients (59.1%) who initiated nivolumab <8 weeks postoperatively <i>versus</i> 1 of 12 patients (8.3%) who initiated at ≥8 weeks after surgery. In multivariate analysis, early initiation of nivolumab (<8 weeks) was the only independent predictor of irLI.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Early initiation of adjuvant nivolumab therapy after neoadjuvant DCF and esophagectomy is associated with a higher incidence of irLI.</p>","PeriodicalId":72510,"journal":{"name":"Cancer diagnosis & prognosis","volume":"6 4","pages":"780-794"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13322118/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148370958","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Orbital Metastasis of Pancreatic Cancer Not Detected on MRI at the Time of Clinical Presentation.","authors":"Takashi Ogura, Y U Sunakawa","doi":"10.21873/cdp.10583","DOIUrl":"10.21873/cdp.10583","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background/aim: </strong>The orbit is a rare site for metastasis from pancreatic cancer, and diagnosis can be challenging when early imaging findings are subtle. We report a case of orbital metastasis initially undetectable by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) but subsequently managed with radiotherapy.</p><p><strong>Case report: </strong>A man in his 60s with metastatic pancreatic adenocarcinoma developed right-sided periorbital pain and hypoesthesia during chemotherapy. Initial brain and orbital MRI showed no evidence of metastasis, and symptoms were managed as suspected trigeminal neuralgia. Five months later, the patient developed diplopia; follow-up MRI revealed a soft tissue lesion at the right orbital apex with high signal intensity on fat-suppressed T1-weighted imaging, leading to a diagnosis of orbital metastasis. The patient underwent palliative radiotherapy, resulting in significant alleviation of pain and diplopia.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Orbital metastasis from pancreatic cancer may present with morphological changes undetectable on initial MRI, highlighting the importance of a high index of clinical suspicion and serial imaging follow-up for unexplained neurological symptoms. Palliative radiotherapy is an effective modality for achieving symptomatic relief and improving quality of life in this rare manifestation. Clinicians should consider orbital metastasis when new-onset periorbital symptoms occur in patients with advanced pancreatic cancer.</p>","PeriodicalId":72510,"journal":{"name":"Cancer diagnosis & prognosis","volume":"6 4","pages":"820-824"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13322081/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148371040","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}