Brain plasticity (Amsterdam, Netherlands)最新文献

{"title":"Lifestyle Factors and Alzheimer's Disease.","authors":"Henriette van Praag","doi":"10.3233/BPL-120418","DOIUrl":"10.3233/BPL-120418","url":null,"abstract":"Dedication This Special issue is dedicated to my PhD mentor and friend Prof. Hanan Frenk. I am forever grateful for his guidance, encouragement and support. He taught me how to ask research questions, design experiments, write papers and how to navigate the world of science. His inspiring personal example and integrity are the bedrock of my scientific pursuits. His jokes and unedited advice ring in my ears even thirty years later: If you work only from 9-5 you will never be a scientist. If you don’t know how to write you will never get a faculty job. Life is not fair, just keep your focus. And: ’Wow, we published your paper [1]. Let me invite you over to our house for dinner to celebrate’.","PeriodicalId":72451,"journal":{"name":"Brain plasticity (Amsterdam, Netherlands)","volume":"4 1","pages":"1-2"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.3233/BPL-120418","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"36838552","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Regulation of Adult Neurogenesis by the Fragile X Family of RNA Binding Proteins.","authors":"Natalie E Patzlaff, Minjie Shen, Xinyu Zhao","doi":"10.3233/BPL-170061","DOIUrl":"10.3233/BPL-170061","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The fragile X mental retardation protein (FMRP) has an important role in neural development. Functional loss of FMRP in humans leads to fragile X syndrome, and it is the most common monogenetic contributor to intellectual disability and autism. FMRP is part of a larger family of RNA-binding proteins known as FXRs, which also includes fragile X related protein 1 (FXR1P) and fragile X related protein 2 (FXR2P). Despite the similarities of the family members, the functions of FXR1P and FXR2P in human diseases remain unclear. Although most studies focus on FMRP's role in mature neurons, all three FXRs regulate adult neurogenesis. Extensive studies have demonstrated important roles of adult neurogenesis in neuroplasticity, learning, and cognition. Impaired adult neurogenesis is implicated in neuropsychiatric disorders, neurodegenerative diseases, and neurodevelopmental disorders. Interventions aimed at regulating adult neurogenesis are thus being evaluated as potential therapeutic strategies. Here, we review and discuss the functions of FXRs in adult neurogenesis and their known similarities and differences. Understanding the overlapping regulatory functions of FXRs in adult neurogenesis can give us insights into the adult brain and fragile X syndrome.</p>","PeriodicalId":72451,"journal":{"name":"Brain plasticity (Amsterdam, Netherlands)","volume":" ","pages":"205-223"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-08-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/2d/0c/bpl-3-bpl170061.PMC6091053.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"36435444","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Hippocampal Neuro-Glio-Vascular Network: Metabolic Vulnerability and Potential Neurogenic Regeneration in Disease.","authors":"Gregory W Kirschen,&nbsp;Rachel Kéry,&nbsp;Shaoyu Ge","doi":"10.3233/BPL-170055","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3233/BPL-170055","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Brain metabolism is a fragile balance between nutrient/oxygen supply provided by the blood and neuronal/glial demand. Small perturbations in these parameters are necessary for proper homeostatic functioning and information processing, but can also cause significant damage and cell death if dysregulated. During embryonic and early post-natal development, massive neurogenesis occurs, a process that continues at a limited rate in adulthood in two neurogenic niches, one in the lateral ventricle and the other in the hippocampal dentate gyrus. When metabolic demand does not correspond with supply, which can occur dramatically in the case of hypoxia or ischemia, or more subtly in the case of neuropsychiatric or neurodegenerative disorders, both of these neurogenic niches can respond-either in a beneficial manner, to regenerate damaged or lost tissue, or in a detrimental fashion-creating aberrant synaptic connections. In this review, we focus on the complex relationship that exists between the cerebral vasculature and neurogenesis across development and in disease states including hypoxic-ischemic injury, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, and Alzheimer's disease. Although there is still much to be elucidated, we are beginning to appreciate how neurogenesis may help or harm the metabolically-injured brain, in the hopes that these insights can be used to tailor novel therapeutics to regenerate damaged tissue after injury.</p>","PeriodicalId":72451,"journal":{"name":"Brain plasticity (Amsterdam, Netherlands)","volume":" ","pages":"129-144"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-08-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.3233/BPL-170055","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"36435499","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Klotho, the Key to Healthy Brain Aging?","authors":"Hai T Vo,&nbsp;Ann M Laszczyk,&nbsp;Gwendalyn D King","doi":"10.3233/BPL-170057","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3233/BPL-170057","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Brain expression of klotho was first described with the initial discovery of the klotho gene. The prominent age-regulating effects of klotho are attributed to regulation of ion homeostasis through klotho function in the kidney. However, recent advances identified brain functions and cell populations, including adult hippocampal neural progenitors, which require klotho. As well, both human correlational studies and mouse models of disease show that klotho is protective against multiple neurological and psychological disorders. This review focuses on current knowledge as to how the klotho protein effects the brain.</p>","PeriodicalId":72451,"journal":{"name":"Brain plasticity (Amsterdam, Netherlands)","volume":" ","pages":"183-194"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-08-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.3233/BPL-170057","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"36435439","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"JNK Regulation of Depression and Anxiety.","authors":"Patrik Hollos,&nbsp;Francesca Marchisella,&nbsp;Eleanor T Coffey","doi":"10.3233/BPL-170062","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3233/BPL-170062","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Depression and anxiety are the most common mood disorders affecting 300 million sufferers worldwide. Maladaptive changes in the neuroendocrine stress response is cited as the most common underlying cause, though how the circuits underlying this response are controlled at the molecular level, remains largely unknown. Approximately 40% of patients do not respond to current treatments, indicating that untapped mechanisms exist. Here we review recent evidence implicating JNK in the control of anxiety and depressive-like behavior with a particular focus on its action in immature granule cells of the hippocampal neurogenic niche and the potential for therapeutic targeting for affective disorders.</p>","PeriodicalId":72451,"journal":{"name":"Brain plasticity (Amsterdam, Netherlands)","volume":" ","pages":"145-155"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-08-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.3233/BPL-170062","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"36435500","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Contributions of Adult-Generated Granule Cells to Hippocampal Pathology in Temporal Lobe Epilepsy: A Neuronal Bestiary.","authors":"Steve C Danzer","doi":"10.3233/BPL-170056","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3233/BPL-170056","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Hippocampal neurogenesis continues throughout life in mammals - including humans. During the development of temporal lobe epilepsy, newly-generated hippocampal granule cells integrate abnormally into the brain. Abnormalities include ectopic localization of newborn cells, <i>de novo</i> formation of abnormal basal dendrites, and disruptions of the apical dendritic tree. Changes in granule cell position and dendritic structure fundamentally alter the types of inputs these cells are able to receive, as well as the relative proportions of remaining inputs. Dendritic abnormalities also create new pathways for recurrent excitation in the hippocampus. These abnormalities are hypothesized to contribute to the development of epilepsy, and may underlie cognitive disorders associated with the disease as well. To test this hypothesis, investigators have used pharmacological and genetic strategies in animal models to alter neurogenesis rates, or ablate the newborn cells outright. While findings are mixed and many unanswered questions remain, numerous studies now demonstrate that ablating newborn granule cells can have disease modifying effects in epilepsy. Taken together, findings provide a strong rationale for continued work to elucidate the role of newborn granule cells in epilepsy: both to understand basic mechanisms underlying the disease, and as a potential novel therapy for epilepsy.</p>","PeriodicalId":72451,"journal":{"name":"Brain plasticity (Amsterdam, Netherlands)","volume":" ","pages":"169-181"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-08-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.3233/BPL-170056","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"36435438","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sonic Hedgehog Signaling Rises to the Surface: Emerging Roles in Neocortical Development.","authors":"Odessa R Yabut,&nbsp;Samuel J Pleasure","doi":"10.3233/BPL-180064","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3233/BPL-180064","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The mammalian neocortex is composed of a diverse population of neuronal and glial cells that are crucial for cognition and consciousness. Orchestration of molecular events that lead to the production of distinct cell lineages is now a major research focus. Recent studies in mammalian animal models reveal that Sonic Hedgehog (Shh) signaling plays crucial roles in this process. In this review, we will evaluate these studies and provide insights on how Shh signaling specifically influence cortical development, beyond its established roles in telencephalic patterning, by specifically focusing on its impact on cells derived from the cortical radial glial (RG) cells. We will also assess how these findings further advance our knowledge of neurological diseases and discuss potential roles of targeting Shh signaling in therapies.</p>","PeriodicalId":72451,"journal":{"name":"Brain plasticity (Amsterdam, Netherlands)","volume":" ","pages":"119-128"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-08-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.3233/BPL-180064","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"36435498","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Crosstalk between MicroRNAs and Autophagy in Adult Neurogenesis: Implications for Neurodegenerative Disorders.","authors":"Karolina Pircs,&nbsp;Rebecca Petri,&nbsp;Johan Jakobsson","doi":"10.3233/BPL-180066","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3233/BPL-180066","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Adult neurogenesis in the mammalian brain, including in humans, occurs throughout life in distinct brain regions. Alterations in adult neurogenesis is a common phenomenon in several different neurodegenerative disorders, which is likely to contribute to the pathophysiology of these disorders. This review summarizes novel concepts related to the interplay between autophagy and microRNAs in control of adult neurogenesis, with a specific focus on its relevance to neurodegenerative diseases.</p>","PeriodicalId":72451,"journal":{"name":"Brain plasticity (Amsterdam, Netherlands)","volume":" ","pages":"195-203"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-08-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.3233/BPL-180066","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"36435440","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The role of hippocampal adult neurogenesis in methamphetamine addiction.","authors":"Yoshio Takashima, Chitra D Mandyam","doi":"10.3233/BPL-170058","DOIUrl":"10.3233/BPL-170058","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>One of the consequences of chronic methamphetamine (Meth) abuse and Meth addiction is impaired hippocampal function which plays a critical role in enhanced propensity for relapse. This impairment is predicted by alterations in hippocampal neurogenesis, structural- and functional-plasticity of granule cell neurons (GCNs), and expression of plasticity-related proteins in the dentate gyrus. This review will elaborate on the effects of Meth in animal models during different stages of addiction-like behavior on proliferation, differentiation, maturation, and survival of newly born neural progenitor cells. We will then discuss evidence for the contribution of adult neurogenesis in context-driven Meth-seeking behavior in animal models. These findings from interdisciplinary studies suggest that a subset of newly born GCNs contribute to context-driven Meth-seeking in Meth addicted animals.</p>","PeriodicalId":72451,"journal":{"name":"Brain plasticity (Amsterdam, Netherlands)","volume":"3 2","pages":"157-168"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-08-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/95/44/bpl-3-bpl170058.PMC6091036.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10033594","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Role of Neurogenesis in Brain Disorders","authors":"Bryan W. Luikart","doi":"10.3233/BPL-189001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3233/BPL-189001","url":null,"abstract":"Embryonic and post-natal neurogenesis are necessary for the organization of neuronal connectivity and activity that underly all behaviors. It therefore is not surprising that mutations in genes or environmental insults that alter neurogenesis cause an abundance of neurological and psychiatric disorders. In this special issue of Brain Plasticity we have gathered review articles that focus on, The Role of Neurogenesis in Brain Disorders. In this issue authors discuss the function of neurogenesis in development and post development. Additionally, there is a focus on behavioral impact of post-natal neurogenesis and how insults to this system directly contributed to neuropsychiatric disorders. Finally, some articles highlight disorders where alteration of postnatal neurogenesis is not the sole, or even major, contributing factor to disease pathogenesis, yet can be used as a powerful system to study cellular changes that are generalizable across brain regions. A basic understanding of the molecular mechanisms leading to embryonic cortical development has led to increased understanding of how mutations in genes contributing to this process contribute to diseases ranging from holoprosencephaly, developmental delay, epilepsy, and intellectual disability, to name a few. In the first article of this special issue Yabut and Pleasure review the process of embryonic neurogenesis. Specifically, they focus on the development of cortical projections neurons and the role of Sonic Hedgehog signaling in this process. Not only does this allow for an increased understanding of many neurodevelopmental disorders, it also uncovers pharmacological targets that may be leveraged to develop therapies. The emerging field studying the interrelationship of vascular and neuronal development holds promise for understanding birth-related brain injuries such as neonatal hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy and adult disorders such as diabetes, hypertension, and Alzheimer’s disease. The article from Kirschen et al. reviews aspects of both perinatal and adult neurogenesis. They focus on the basic science of how regulation of vascular development and function impacts neurogenesis. Such work will lead to new strategies to decrease damage and increase regeneration in response to metabolic injury in the brain. For some disorders including depression, anxiety, and addiction alteration of hippocampal neurogenesis may directly contribute to the pathophysiology of disease. Hollos et al, review the well-studied link between adult neurogenesis, depression, and anxiety. Regulation of JNK directly in newborn granule neurons alters anxiety and depression related behaviors. Takashima and Mandyam review the link of neurogenesis to addiction with a focus on methamphetamine. They discuss that neurogenesis may lead to alteration of hippocampal plasticity underlying methamphetamine relapse. Both articles discuss new drugs and drug targets that modulate neurogenesis and produce therapeutic gains in the respe","PeriodicalId":72451,"journal":{"name":"Brain plasticity (Amsterdam, Netherlands)","volume":"6 1","pages":"117 - 118"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-07-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83568065","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}