Imad Zammar, M. Huq, I. Mantegh, A. Yousefpour, M. Ahmadi
{"title":"A three-dimensional transient model for heat transfer in thermoplastic composites during continuous resistance welding","authors":"Imad Zammar, M. Huq, I. Mantegh, A. Yousefpour, M. Ahmadi","doi":"10.1080/20550340.2017.1311094","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/20550340.2017.1311094","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The resistance welding technique for thermoplastic composites (TPCs) entails melting the TPC polymer at the joint interface using heat generated by resistive (Joule) heating of a conductive mesh or heating element placed between the surfaces to be welded. The continuous resistance welding (CRW) is an automated large-scale resistance welding technique that consists of a moving voltage source along the heating element creating a continuous weld along its path. This paper presents a transient model that is developed to predict the heat transfer in TPCs in all three dimensions during the CRW process. The model is finite element in nature and includes both the resistive and thermal conductivity behaviors of the material involved. The significance of this modeling approach is that it captures the movement of the electrical connection, as well as the nonuniform distribution of the current and resistive heating along the length and width of the weld seam. The modeling results are compared with experimental data obtained by thermocouples and an infrared camera, and exhibit solid conformance for predicting the trend of variations in weld temperature.","PeriodicalId":7243,"journal":{"name":"Advanced Manufacturing: Polymer & Composites Science","volume":"47 1","pages":"32 - 41"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90885124","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Analysis of pultrusion process for thick glass/polyester composites: transverse shear stress formations","authors":"I. Baran","doi":"10.1080/20550340.2016.1269037","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/20550340.2016.1269037","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract In the present work process-induced residual stress development is described for a 100 mm pultruded square profile made of glass/polyester. A thermo-chemical model developed in MATLAB is coupled with a mechanical model developed in ABAQUS. The temperature and degree of cure distributions are calculated for three different preheating temperatures. In the mechanical model, a parameter study is examined to investigate the effect of total volumetric shrinkage () and the coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) in rubbery state on the residual stresses. The non-uniform internal constraints in the part yield in an internal shear deformation during the process. The transverse shear stress and compressive normal stress levels decrease significantly as compared with the tensile normal stresses with an increase in preheating temperature. The change in and CTE in rubbery state affects the shear stresses and compressive stresses significantly, whereas the tensile stresses are less affected. Graphical Abstract","PeriodicalId":7243,"journal":{"name":"Advanced Manufacturing: Polymer & Composites Science","volume":"6 1","pages":"124 - 132"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87808188","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Maximizing the out-of-plane-permeability of preforms manufactured by dry fiber placement","authors":"Oliver Rimmel, D. Becker, P. Mitschang","doi":"10.1080/20550340.2016.1260900","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/20550340.2016.1260900","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Dry fiber placement (DFP) is a technology which enables outstandingly high mechanical performance of composite parts as preform structures with load-related fiber orientations can be created with minimum of fiber crimp. Furthermore, DFP has high cost-saving potential due to minimum material wastage during production. Recently, the efficiency has been further improved using an online binder application system, allowing the direct usage of untreated rovings instead of pre-designed rovings with binder applied by the manufacturer. Nevertheless, the poor impregnation behavior of DFP-preforms during liquid composite molding processing methods remains a main challenge. Encouraging an out-of-plane impregnation, e.g. by using a vacuum-assisted or compression resin transfer molding process, reduces the flow length within the preform and is a first step toward reducing cycle times. However, further improvements are required in order to apply DFP-preforming methods in serial production. Within this study influences on the out-of-plane permeability of DFP-preforms were investigated. The considered parameters were related to the material (e.g. binder amount) as well as the layup process and subsequent process steps.","PeriodicalId":7243,"journal":{"name":"Advanced Manufacturing: Polymer & Composites Science","volume":"20 1","pages":"102 - 93"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79115717","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A dry aligning method of discontinuous carbon fibers and improvement of mechanical properties of discontinuous fiber composites","authors":"T. Miyake, Satoshi Imaeda","doi":"10.1080/20550340.2016.1265693","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/20550340.2016.1265693","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract A novel method for dry alignment of discontinuous carbon fibers, such as recycled carbon fibers was developed by the modification of the yarn manufacturing process. In order to achieve high production rate and application for long fibers, fluffy synthetic fibers were used as the suspending and carrying media for discontinuous carbon fibers instead of a fluid medium generally used. Using the mechanical interaction in the dry alignment method, a mixture of 200 mm long discontinuous carbon fibers and fluffy polypropylene fibers was fabricated into an aligned and homogeneously comingled sliver by drafting. Then, the sliver was spun into yarn and an aligned yarn preform was obtained. Composites, with approximately 70% of the fibers aligned within an angle of ±14° with respect to the drafting direction, were successfully produced from the preform of the aligned spun yarn. The tensile modulus of the composite specimen along the aligned direction was about 10 times larger than that along the transverse direction, and about 3.5 times larger than that for the specimens obtained from the same yarn with random orientation.","PeriodicalId":7243,"journal":{"name":"Advanced Manufacturing: Polymer & Composites Science","volume":"107 1","pages":"117 - 123"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77095433","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Frank Senders, M. V. van Beurden, G. Palardy, I. F. Villegas
{"title":"Zero-flow: a novel approach to continuous ultrasonic welding of CF/PPS thermoplastic composite plates","authors":"Frank Senders, M. V. van Beurden, G. Palardy, I. F. Villegas","doi":"10.1080/20550340.2016.1253968","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/20550340.2016.1253968","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Continuous ultrasonic welding of plastic films, fabrics, and even thermoplastic composite prepreg tape is a common industrial practice. However, continuous ultrasonic welding of stiff thermoplastic composite plates is challenging due to squeeze flow of resin at the welding interface, and significant local deformation of the welding stack, that are generally needed to achieve strong welds. This paper presents a novel approach to continuous ultrasonic welding of thermoplastic composite plates based on zero-flow welding. The proposed technique can create strong welds before any squeeze flow takes place at the interface. It is enabled by the use of very thin flat energy directors, owing to simultaneous melting of both energy director and adherends’ matrix. The results prove the feasibility and indicate the potential for high-strength welds between thermoplastic composite plates at very high speed.","PeriodicalId":7243,"journal":{"name":"Advanced Manufacturing: Polymer & Composites Science","volume":"8 1","pages":"83 - 92"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88436017","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Study on the validation of ring filament winding methods for unidirectional preform ply manufacturing","authors":"F. Finkenwerder, M. Geistbeck, P. Middendorf","doi":"10.1080/20550340.2016.1262090","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/20550340.2016.1262090","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Ring filament winding enables processing of continuous fibers for manufacturing unidirectional non-crimp unidirectional preform plies on straight-, curved-, or closed-mandrel geometries. However, unidirectional processing of tows can lead to increased lateral tow slippage. The objective of the present study is thus to validate unidirectional winding methods for ring filament winding, performing geodesic and non-geodesic trajectories analytically and experimentally. Implementation of geodesic paths investigates the influence of the tensile force and take-up velocity on the winding angle reproducibility. Non-geodesic winding paths are conducted here dependent on winding methods, slippage coefficients, and the mandrel’s surface materials, evidencing the occurrence of lateral tow slippage by measurements of nip-point forces. Findings indicate an excellent reproducibility of geodesic paths independent of the process velocity. Non-geodesic paths were partially validated because of the occurrence of lateral tape-slippage and a tape side-inclination effect, correlating an increased stick behavior to higher local normal pressure.","PeriodicalId":7243,"journal":{"name":"Advanced Manufacturing: Polymer & Composites Science","volume":"32 1","pages":"103 - 116"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79361193","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
D. Pollard, D. Pollard, C. Ward, G. Herrmann, J. Etches
{"title":"The manufacture of honeycomb cores using Fused Deposition Modeling","authors":"D. Pollard, D. Pollard, C. Ward, G. Herrmann, J. Etches","doi":"10.1080/20550340.2017.1306337","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/20550340.2017.1306337","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Sandwich panels are used in many industries for the advantageous properties of high stiffness, good strength to weight ratio, and impact resistance. This paper investigates properties of thin-walled cores manufactured through Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM); a process which, through a wider design space, could improve the functionality of sandwich panels. The bond strength between the layers of thin walls manufactured through FDM was evaluated through tensile testing. To measure the effect of modified manufacturing speeds, wall thicknesses were varied through the flow rate and nozzle speed. Honeycomb cores using FDM were produced with different toolpaths, and compared with an example of an industry standard Nomex honeycomb core. During tensile testing, thick-walled FDM components exhibited a more ductile failure with a lower yield point when compared to thinner specimens. The ultimate tensile stress remained constant across samples within each of the tested ABS and PLA polymers used. Honeycomb cores produced using FDM were found to have a higher compressive failure force than Nomex honeycomb, and a lower specific strength. The force–displacement curves of compressive failure show a ductile response for thick specimens, consistent with the previous result. These results, combined with the increased flexibility of additive manufacture technologies, could provide a method of manufacturing high strength cores with complex geometry.","PeriodicalId":7243,"journal":{"name":"Advanced Manufacturing: Polymer & Composites Science","volume":"133 1","pages":"21 - 31"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-06-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75257740","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Evolution of viscoelastic behavior of a curing LY5052 epoxy resin in the glassy state","authors":"S. Saseendran, M. Wysocki, J. Varna","doi":"10.1080/20550340.2016.1236223","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/20550340.2016.1236223","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The aim of this work is to develop a methodology to analyze the influence of the curing history on the viscoelastic storage modulus. Two different experimental approaches are presented exposing the material to various cure temperature and cure time sequences. The evolving viscoelastic properties are characterized using standard Dynamic Mechanical and Thermal Analysis (DMTA) equipment. Therefore, the present study is limited to infinitesimally small strains and linear viscoelasticity only. The methodology is demonstrated using the LY5052 epoxy resin system for its storage modulus E′ in the frequency domain. Results indicate that evolution of thermo-viscoelastic properties could be indeed assumed independent of the cure history for the investigated LY5052. We observe that the shift factor in the reduced time expression for the viscoelastic model examined in this paper is a product of two shift functions, namely the temperature and cure shift functions.","PeriodicalId":7243,"journal":{"name":"Advanced Manufacturing: Polymer & Composites Science","volume":"72 1","pages":"74 - 82"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80548742","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
P. Noorunnisa Khanam, M. AlMaadeed, M. Ouederni, B. Mayoral, A. Hamilton, D. Sun
{"title":"Effect of two types of graphene nanoplatelets on the physico–mechanical properties of linear low–density polyethylene composites","authors":"P. Noorunnisa Khanam, M. AlMaadeed, M. Ouederni, B. Mayoral, A. Hamilton, D. Sun","doi":"10.1080/20550340.2016.1235768","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/20550340.2016.1235768","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The influence of two types of graphene nanoplatelets (GNPs) on the physico-mechanical properties of linear low-density polyethylene (LLDPE) was investigated. The addition of these two types of GNPs – designated as grades C and M – enhanced the thermal conductivity of the LLDPE, with a more pronounced improvement resulting from the M-GNPs compared to C-GNPs. Improvement in electrical conductivity and decomposition temperature was also noticed with the addition of GNPs. In contrast to the thermal conductivity, C-GNPs resulted in greater improvements in the electrical conductivity and thermal decomposition temperature. These differences can be attributed to differences in the surface area and dispersion of the two types of GNPs.","PeriodicalId":7243,"journal":{"name":"Advanced Manufacturing: Polymer & Composites Science","volume":"15 1","pages":"67 - 73"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88845748","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Experimental investigation of delamination and surface roughness in the drilling of GFRP composite material with different drills","authors":"Dhiraj Kumar, K. Singh, R. Zitoune","doi":"10.1080/20550340.2016.1187434","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/20550340.2016.1187434","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This paper describes the experimental investigation in the drilling of glass fiber reinforced polymer (GFRP) composites with three dissimilar tools, having different materials and geometries (i.e. helical flute (HSS) drill, Carbide tipped straight shank (K20) drill, and Solid carbide eight-facet drill). Tool geometry and materials are considered to be major factor, which is responsible for drilling-induced damage. Cutting parameters also influence drilling-induced damage. These damages were measured by two delamination factors. Image processed technique was utilized to determine the damaged area and maximum damaged zone diameter. The results showed that qualities of drill holes significantly improved when solid carbide eight-facet drill was used.","PeriodicalId":7243,"journal":{"name":"Advanced Manufacturing: Polymer & Composites Science","volume":"76 1","pages":"47 - 56"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88677458","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}