Biomedical research and clinical reviews最新文献

{"title":"COVID-19 Pneumonia: A Review of Typical Ct Findings and Differential Diagnosis","authors":"A. Venyo","doi":"10.31579/2692-9406/019","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31579/2692-9406/019","url":null,"abstract":"Pneumonia that is caused by the 2019 novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2, which is also referred to as 2019-nCoV recently did break out in Wuhan China has been coined the terminology of COVID-19. With the spread of the disease, similar cases of COVID-19 had been confirmed in various regions of the world. Because COVID-19 is a relatively new global disease, clinicians, and patients across the globe would initially not be conversant with the clinical features and radiology imaging characteristics of SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia. The causes of pneumonia are protein, many secondary to an underlying cardiorespiratory abnormality while some are related systemic disease. Various imaging techniques generally diagnose cases of Pneumonia. In the current climate, COVID-19 Pneumonia has taken center stage; confirmation relies upon microbiological studies such as real-time polymerase chain reaction or sequencing. These investigations are not usually available in an emergency setting. Computed Tomography (CT) can be used as an essential complement for the diagnosis of COVID-19 Pneumonia in the current epidemic context. But the later may be misleading as other cases of Pneumonia, and interstitial lung disease can easily be confused with COVID-19 Pneumonia. Also, Covid19 Pneumonia may be missed if not considered. The attention of clinicians should be alerted to the possibility of COVID-19 to conduct the appropriate tests to confirm or negate the diagnosis of COVID-19. In asymptomatic as well as in symptomatic patients that have COVID1-9 pneumonia, the initial COVID-19 nuclei acid test results could be normal, which upon subsequent repeat testing would become normal. Still, radiology imaging using a CT scan of thorax would tend to demonstrate various non-specific features that affect a variable number of lobes of the lungs, and these features quickly increase in size when a repeat CT scan of the thorax is undertaken. These findings tend to predate positive COVID-19 test results in some cases of COVID-19. The non-specific changes tend to resolve when the patient resolves from COVID-19 pneumonia. A catalog of radiology images that demonstrate various types of cardio-pulmonary lesions which when encountered by clinicians should alert them to exclude the possibility of COVID-19 Pneumonia has been included in the paper as an aid to alerting clinicians to have a high index of suspicion of radiology images of the thorax which should help them to quickly undertake appropriate tests to confirm or negate the diagnosis of COVID-19 pulmonary infection.","PeriodicalId":72392,"journal":{"name":"Biomedical research and clinical reviews","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70018322","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Evolving Demand for Negative Pressure Isolation Facilities during COVID 19: Trial of the Negative Pressure Isolation Tent","authors":"F. Lateef, Sunny Chia S H, Alan Teo H B, Tan Teck Choon","doi":"10.31579/2692-9406/011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31579/2692-9406/011","url":null,"abstract":"With COVID 19, more than ever before, healthcare institutions are realizing the need to develop, implement, assess, review and revise their infection control policies and guidelines of practice. In many facilities, patients who are known to be or suspected to be infectious are physically isolated from other patients and people. This is the rightful and ethical thing to do. These patients are usually identified through surveillance or using clinical and/ or microbiological criteria. Whilst practices such as personal and hand hygiene, safe infection control practices, distancing and others are useful, the use of formal isolation in hospitals represent an important step. This is also essential to reduce spread to healthcare workers. In this paper, we describe a Negative Pressure Full Isolation Tent (NPFIT) which we tried out via simulation and the conduct of a simple smoke test to understand more on the concept of negative pressure and what it entails. It is our hope that readers will get a better understanding of this concept, through our simplified demonstration and trial.","PeriodicalId":72392,"journal":{"name":"Biomedical research and clinical reviews","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47298467","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Zinc (?)-immune pediatric virucidal activities for 2019-nCoV prevention and therapeutic effects of COVID-19 bronchitis and pneumonia","authors":"Sci. Tsuneo Ishida","doi":"10.31579/2692-9406/012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31579/2692-9406/012","url":null,"abstract":"Zinc (Ⅱ)-immune pediatric virucidal activities for children with 2019-nCoV prevention and COVID-19 bronchitis and pneumonia are discussed, and these Zn2+-immune pediatric virucidal effects result in the following. Zinc intakes by zinc induced immunity are required 3 mg/day for 7 month to 3 years, 5 mg/day for 4～ 8 years, and 8 mg/day for 9 ～13 years in children. Zinc supplementation have been assessed, from 15 mg to 140 mg/week, with the upper range exceeding the recommended daily infection (RDI) for children of 2 mg/day for children less than one year of age and up to 7 mg/day for children between 1 to 3 years. Zinc induced pediatric preventing respiratory 2019-nCoV is required that supplementation with zinc gluconate 20 mg in Zn deficient children resulted in a nearly twofold reduction of acute lower respiratory infections as well as the time to recovery. Zinc supplementation in children is associated with a reduction in the incidence and prevalence of pneumonia. Preventing 2019-nCoV pneumonia is required that zinc supplementation alone (10 to 20 mg) for more than 3 months significantly reduces in the rate of pneumonia. Prophylactic zinc supplementation for two weeks may reduce the morbidity due to acute lower respiratory infections. Zinc gluconate supplement may result in significant reduction in respiratory morbidity among children with acute lower respiratory infections. In addition. as serum zinc level of Acute Respiratory Infection (ARI)-children was very low, higher zinc concentration treatments as low sociodemographic factors, poor nutritional status and male children were prevalently associated with higher incidence of acute respiratory infections. Adjuvant treatment with 20 mg zinc/day accelerates recovery from severe pneumonia in children. Primary outcome was recovery from pneumonia and 30 mg/day of zinc supplementation reduces pneumonia in children with chronic kidney disease (CKD). Zinc supplementation + Chloroquine (CQ)/hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) may be more effective in reducing COVID-19 morbidity and mortality than CQ or HCQ in monotherapy. The serum zinc level returned to a normal level (median, 53.20 μmol/L) on day 12±2 in the treatment. There was no statistical difference in the pediatric critic illness score, lung injury score, length of hospital stay, and duration of mechanical ventilation between the zinc treatments. The oxidative stress in pediatric diseases causes an oxidative burst that results in a respiratory burst and rapid ROS production. Thus, zinc pediatric intake may be required to be effective range 10～20 mg/d for 2019-CoV prevention, 10～30 mg/d for reduction of COVID-19 bronchitis, and 20～30 mg/d for recovery from COVID-19 pneumonia, in which Zn2+ could bind with viral surface proteins by Zn2+ions-centered tetrahedrally coordination pattern.","PeriodicalId":72392,"journal":{"name":"Biomedical research and clinical reviews","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46267658","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Poor COVID 19 Pandemic Waste Management Outcome in Nigeria: A Possible Potential Public Health Threat and Promoter of Community Transmission","authors":"A. Obioma, A. Christian, Egba Promise Chijioke","doi":"10.31579/2692-9406/013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31579/2692-9406/013","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction The COVID-19 pandemic outcome which is an emerging infectious disease that potentially originated from Wuhan in China has seen an upsurge of cases and deaths globally over time. One of the consequences found in the course of the management of these viral pandemic involves the massive production and usage of different myriad of medical supplies to meet up the increasing demands by health workers, patients and the public. This trend has resulted in the proliferation of medical wastes against a backdrop of poor waste management outcome especially in Nigeria. Aim The aim of this article borders on bringing to light the effects of improperly managed medical wastes, and the risks it poses to human health and the environment at large. Furthermore also, to outline various types of medical wastes and the guidelines associated with their disposal, especially those associated with management of COVID-19 pandemic saga. Method/Methodology The study approach follows the systematic review of peer-reviewed published articles as well as online publications and articles derived from various databases with search keywords relevant to the topic of discourse. Findings and Results Findings from this study show that the coronavirus disease of 2019 has spread widely globally with massive socio-economic and socio-cultural consequences. Over time there has been a progressive increase in cases and deaths due to Covid-19 in Nigeria and most other countries. The management of COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in the proliferation of medical wastes. Medical wastes are those generated from the use of medical supplies in the course of healthcare delivery and disease prevention such as hand gloves, facemasks, and hazmat suits etc. Medical wastes legislations that support the proper disposal of medical wastes in Nigeria and most other developing nations have been very weak and have failed to achieve the desired results, with high incidences of infectious diseases such as HIV and Hepatitis still being transmitted through improperly disposed of wastes. Therefore improperly waste disposal may probably serve as a very potent means of community transmission of COVID-19 transmission, if not handled in good time especially the freshly disposed materials Conclusion and Recommendation While the generation of massive wastes is being seen in this COVID-19 pandemic period, it may be unavoidable that there could be re-infection of subjects from improper medical waste disposal strategies. Thus, it is pertinent that relevant regulations are put in place, enforced and monitored to ensure that improperly managed wastes do not form another avenue for widespread of the virus in our communities. It is also very necessary to organize massive campaigns aimed at creating enough public awareness of the risks associated with medical wastes and on the need for proper disposal especially COVID 19 associated waste materials.","PeriodicalId":72392,"journal":{"name":"Biomedical research and clinical reviews","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49510351","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"On the Enterprise Dynamic Management in the COVID-19 Pandemic","authors":"Bin Zhao","doi":"10.31579/2692-9406/010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31579/2692-9406/010","url":null,"abstract":"Background: With the worldwide spread of the novel coronavirus (COVID-19), the global economy has entered a cold winter, and the International Monetary Fund predicts that the global economy will shrink by about 3% in 2020. The outbreak of the epidemic has also caused heavy losses to the Chinese economy. In the first quarter of 2020, actual GDP fell sharply for the first time by 6.8% year-on-year for the first time. This is the first decline since record. Then, according to the data from the business survey in March, China's economy has improved compared with February, which shows that the economy has rebounded under the influence of policies. Judging from the current situation, although China has passed the peak period of the epidemic, affected by the high cases abroad, it can only be carried out slowly for the resumption of production. Enterprises, as micro-individuals under the macro economy, need to pass through analyzing the dynamic management of the enterprise to deepen the reform of the commercial system and stimulate the vitality of the enterprise. This will also provide data support for the government formulating relevant policies, which is conducive to the synergy of various policies and enhance the momentum of economic recovery. On the other hand, we choose tourism as our specific research object. Thus, we need to set different scenarios according to the development situation of the epidemic, evaluate the impact of the novel coronavirus epidemic on China's tourism industry, and discuss tourism development and opportunities in the post-epidemic era from the aspects of tourism's response to the epidemic and the development trend of the tourism after the epidemic4. Methods: This dissertation first discusses the issue of enterprise dynamic management in the post covid-19 epidemic era, establishes the Difference-in-Difference model (DID model), and improves the model reasonably. It puts forward the dynamic management plan of different regions, and judges the effect of the policy on the implementation of the epidemic. At the same time, it also aims at the impact of the epidemic on the tourism industry at the important time points. The elasticity method and linear regression are used to evaluate and forecast.Using transportation data as a leading indicator, the elasticity of the total number of tourists Et1 and the elasticity of total tourism revenue Ei1 during the Spring Festival and Spring Festival are calculated to be 1.39 and 1.60 respectively. The impact of COVID-19 on the Spring Festival tourism market is evaluated through the Spring Festival elasticity; During the period, the elasticity of the International Workers’ Day tourism market relative to the Spring Festival tourism market Et2 、Ei2 is calculated to be 1.14 and 0.9024 respectively through data over the years. Combining the forecast results of the Spring Festival tourism market and the data calibration of different forecast scenarios, the International Workers’ Day is predicted. T","PeriodicalId":72392,"journal":{"name":"Biomedical research and clinical reviews","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45956213","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Spatiotemporal Thermal Contours mapping of ex-vivo Bovine Liver Radiofrequency Thermal Ablation utilizing Hyperspectral Image and its Associated K-Mean Clustering Algorithm","authors":"Mohamed Hisham Aref, Ibrahim H. Aboughaleb, M. Rabie, Y. El-Sharkawy","doi":"10.31579/2692-9406/005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31579/2692-9406/005","url":null,"abstract":"Significance: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is considered as worldwide health problem with a poor diagnosis due to limited detection techniques. Thermal ablation is the dominant modality to treat liver tumors for discriminating patients who are not allowed to have surgical intervention. Knowing that, observing or foreseeing the size of the subsequent tissue putrefaction during the Thermal Ablation techniques is a difficult undertaking. Aim: To examine the impacts of ablation zone volume following Radiofrequency ablation (RFA) of an ex-vivo bovine liver to correlate the impacts of thermal ablation with target organ perfusion; by exploiting the unique properties of Hyperspectral Imaging (HSI).where, Vessels may source cooling in the adjacent tumor target (heat‑sink‑effect) with risk of cancer recurrence and the infiltration profundity estimations consider the lessening of the tissue. Materials and Methods: Radiofrequency ablation was perfused on ex-vivo bovine livers at peripheral and central‑vessel‑adjacent locations, and monitored by HSI with a spectral range from 400 to 1000 nm. The system contains k-means clustering (K=8) algorithms combining spectral and spatial information. Labeled spectral signatures datasets were used as training data. Statistical analysis (10 samples) was computed to calculate the highest variance between six spectral images for determining the optimum wavelength for discrimination between the affected regions after thermal ablation (normal, thermal, and ablated liver tissue regions). Results: The change of the optical properties of ex-vivo liver tissues provides different responses to light transmission, scattering, absorption and particularly the reflection over the spectrum range. The spectral reflectance signatures were measured and evaluated using designed K-mean clustering algorithm after image reconstructed. Trials showed that spectral region 650~650 nm was proposed as optimum spectral range. Where, these results successfully distinguishes the Surface Thermal ablation region (x,y-axis),as well as the Thermal penetration Depth (z-axis) for Tissue characterization and Contour mapping for the unwanted thermal damage. Conclusions: Hyperspectral imaging is a powerful tool in real-time monitoring the thermal ablation and more accurate compared to the conventional imaging modality.","PeriodicalId":72392,"journal":{"name":"Biomedical research and clinical reviews","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48621432","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nosocomial Infections at Three Regional Tertiary Hospitals in Trinidad and Tobago","authors":"C. Elliott, A. Justiz-Vaillant","doi":"10.31579/2692-9406/001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31579/2692-9406/001","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: The main objectives of this research were to conduct and provide accurate and original findings related to the epidemiological study of nosocomial infections at three regional tertiary hospitals in Trinidad and Tobago. Specifically, the researcher determined; the frequency of nosocomial infections (NI), the frequency of multiple drug resistance among bacterial organisms associated with NI, infection control measures practiced at the research hospitals and the cost of such NI in terms of morbidity and mortality Synopsis: This study estimated the rate of nosocomial infections (NI) among patients at three major regional hospitals in Trinidad and Tobago and evaluated the frequency of pathogens associated with nosocomial infections. Approximately 450 of 126, 668 patients had nosocomial infections and the most frequent type of nosocomial pathogens were: Staphylococcus sp. (22.5%), Pseudomonas aeruginosa sp. (12.7%), Acinetobacter (11.8%) and Klebsiella sp. (11.6%). Methods: A one-year prospective cross-sectional study was carried out. The nosocomial pathogens were retrieved from the microbiology laboratory. Antimicrobial susceptibility test by the disk diffusion method were done on all bacterial isolates. Data was analysed using SPSS version 20.0. Results: This research revealed that 450 inpatients suffered nosocomial infections, with thirty (30) mortalities during the twelve (12) months that the study lasted (June 2013 to May 2014) at three regional hospitals of Trinidad and Tobago. The incidence of nosocomial infections was 5.8% and the nosocomial infection rate was 3.6 per 1000 (450/126,668). The highest rate (30.1%) was observed in the Intensive Care Unit (82/272 admissions). The most frequent type of nosocomial infection was Skin and Soft Tissue Infections 168 (37.3%). Staphylococcus sp. (22.5%), Pseudomonas aeruginosa sp. (12.7%), Acinetobacter (11.8%) and Klebsiella sp. (11.6%) were the most frequently occurring nosocomial pathogens. Conclusion: Consistency in performing good hygiene practices is vital for reducing the high nosocomial rate found at the research sites. Prediction of these infections is very important as a part of clinical surveillance programs to take preventive measures in advance. The antimicrobial susceptibility pattern rate (ASPR) showed that only 8.3 % (5/60) of the isolates were antibiotic-susceptible strains.","PeriodicalId":72392,"journal":{"name":"Biomedical research and clinical reviews","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48372461","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"How the artificial intelligence tool iSuc-PseOpt is working for predicting lysine succinylation sites in proteins","authors":"K. Chou","doi":"10.31579/2692-9406/003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31579/2692-9406/003","url":null,"abstract":"In 2016 a very powerful AI (artificial intelligence) tool has been established for predicting lysine succinylation sites in proteins, one of the most important post modifications in proteins.","PeriodicalId":72392,"journal":{"name":"Biomedical research and clinical reviews","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43594258","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Modelling for prediction of the spread and severity of COVID-19 and its association with socioeconomic factors and virus types","authors":"Shreshth Tuli, Shikhar Tuli, R. Verma, Rakesh Tuli","doi":"10.1101/2020.06.18.20134874","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.06.18.20134874","url":null,"abstract":"We report the development of a Weibull based Long-Short-Term-Memory approach (W-LSTM) for the prediction of COVID-19 disease. The W-LSTM model developed in this study, performs better in terms of MSE, R2 and MAPE, as compared to the previously published models, including ARIMA, LSTM and their variations. Using W-LSTM model, we have predicted the beginning and end of the current cycle of COVID-19 in several countries. Performance of the model was validated as satisfactory in 82% of the 50 test countries, while asking for prediction for 10 days beyond the period of training. Accuracy of the above prediction with days beyond training was assessed in comparison with the MAPE that the model gave with cumulative global data. The model was applied to study correlation between the growth of infection and deaths, and a number of effectors that may influence the epidemic. The model identified age groups, trade with China, air traffic, country temperature and CoV-2 virus types as the likely effectors of infection and virulence leading to deaths. The predictors likely to promote or suppress the epidemic were identified. Some of the predictors had significant effect on the shape parameters of Weibull distribution. The model can function on cloud, take inputs in real time and handle large data country wise, at low costs to make predictions dynamically. Such predictions are highly valuable in guiding policy makers, administration and health. Interactive curves generated from the W-LSTM model can be seen at http://collaboration.coraltele.com/covid2/.","PeriodicalId":72392,"journal":{"name":"Biomedical research and clinical reviews","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41468832","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}