Behavior analysis (Washington, D.C.)最新文献_第2页

Empirically Deriving Omission and Commission Errors for Relapse Tests: A Demonstration of Reverse Translation. 经验推导重复测试中的遗漏和委托错误:一个反向翻译的例子。

Behavior analysis (Washington, D.C.) Pub Date : 2021-11-01 Epub Date: 2021-07-01 DOI: 10.1037/bar0000218

Daniel R Mitteer, Brian D Greer, Kayla R Randall, Ryan T Kimball, Sean W Smith

{"title":"Empirically Deriving Omission and Commission Errors for Relapse Tests: A Demonstration of Reverse Translation.","authors":"Daniel R Mitteer, Brian D Greer, Kayla R Randall, Ryan T Kimball, Sean W Smith","doi":"10.1037/bar0000218","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1037/bar0000218","url":null,"abstract":"Most studies examine treatment relapse by programming contextual changes with perfect treatment integrity or with omission errors in the absence of a context change (i.e., all alternative responses placed on extinction). Recently, Mitteer et al. (2018) examined caregiver behavior in response to a confederate playing the role of a child with destructive behavior, providing the opportunity for researchers to empirically derive reinforcement schedules and test caregiver error patterns within future relapse tests with children. The present study represents a pilot demonstration of methods for reverse translating findings from caregivers to relapse preparations with children. We used a human-operant arrangement with three children with autism spectrum disorder in which they (a) emitted a target response (i.e., pad touch) for a preferred item in a home-like context, (b) emitted an alternative response (e.g., card touch) for the item in a clinic context while the target response was extinguished, and (c) experienced a relapse test in which the experimenter programmed the same low-rate omission and commission errors that caregivers made in the prior study within the home-like context. During the relapse test, target responding approximated or exceeded baseline ranges for all cases, and alternative behavior extinguished for two of the three cases. We discuss how researchers might incorporate similar translation processes in future relapse research.","PeriodicalId":72345,"journal":{"name":"Behavior analysis (Washington, D.C.)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8740961/pdf/nihms-1687948.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39802988","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 10

Further Evaluation of Teaching Behavior Technicians to Input Data and Graph Using GraphPad Prism. 技术人员用GraphPad棱镜输入数据和图形教学行为的进一步评价。

Behavior analysis (Washington, D.C.) Pub Date : 2020-05-01 Epub Date: 2019-12-23 DOI: 10.1037/bar0000172

Daniel R Mitteer, Brian D Greer, Kayla R Randall, Adam M Briggs

{"title":"Further Evaluation of Teaching Behavior Technicians to Input Data and Graph Using GraphPad Prism.","authors":"Daniel R Mitteer, Brian D Greer, Kayla R Randall, Adam M Briggs","doi":"10.1037/bar0000172","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1037/bar0000172","url":null,"abstract":"We replicated and extended Mitteer, Greer, Fisher, and Cohrs (2018) by examining the effects of a video model on inputting data into GraphPad Prism, which is a necessary skill for graph construction. We used a concurrent multiple-probe-across-behavior design with two behavior technicians to assess data-input and graphing skills separately prior to and during access to relevant video models. We evaluated the generality of the training procedures by assessing both skills during data-input-plus-graphing sessions without access to the video models. The video models resulted in mastery of data-input and graphing skills when assessed individually. We observed training effects generalize to data-input-plus-graphing sessions once behavior technicians experienced all relevant video models. These results suggest that individuals should view both data-input and graphing video models prior to depicting single-case design data in Prism but that these skills can maintain at high levels of accuracy without continued access to the training materials.","PeriodicalId":72345,"journal":{"name":"Behavior analysis (Washington, D.C.)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7685029/pdf/nihms-1063974.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38646296","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 20

Agreement Between Structured Descriptive Assessments and Functional Analyses Conducted Over a Telehealth System. 通过远程医疗系统进行的结构化描述性评估与功能分析之间的一致性。

Behavior analysis (Washington, D.C.) Pub Date : 2019-11-01 Epub Date: 2019-01-28 DOI: 10.1037/bar0000153

Brian K Martens, Emily L Baxter, Jennifer J McComas, Samantha J Sallade, Johanna S Kester, Miguel Caamano, Adele Dimian, Jessica Simacek, Brittany Pennington

{"title":"Agreement Between Structured Descriptive Assessments and Functional Analyses Conducted Over a Telehealth System.","authors":"Brian K Martens, Emily L Baxter, Jennifer J McComas, Samantha J Sallade, Johanna S Kester, Miguel Caamano, Adele Dimian, Jessica Simacek, Brittany Pennington","doi":"10.1037/bar0000153","DOIUrl":"10.1037/bar0000153","url":null,"abstract":"This study examined whether experimental functional analyses (FAs) conducted by parents at home with coaching via telehealth would produce differentiated results, and compared these results to the functions identified from structured descriptive assessments (SDAs) also conducted by parents at home via telehealth. Four boys between the ages of 4- and 8-years old with intellectual and developmental disabilities and their parents participated. All assessments were conducted in the children's homes with their parents serving as intervention agents and with coaching from remote behavior therapists using videoconferencing technology. Parent-implemented FAs produced differentiated results for all 4 children in the study. Overall, analyzing antecedent-behavior (A-B) and behavior-consequence (B-C) relations from the SDA videos identified only half of the functions identified by the FAs. For children whose SDA results were differentiated, analyzing A-B relations correctly identified 4 of 5 functions. Analyzing B-C relations correctly identified 5 of 6 functions identified by the experimental FA, but overidentified attention for all children. Implications for conducting functional analyses and interpreting structured descriptive assessment via telehealth are discussed.","PeriodicalId":72345,"journal":{"name":"Behavior analysis (Washington, D.C.)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6944308/pdf/nihms-1062053.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"37517907","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Evaluating the Relationship between the Rate and Temporal Distribution of Self-Injurious Behavior. 评价自伤行为发生率与时间分布的关系。

Behavior analysis (Washington, D.C.) Pub Date : 2019-02-01 Epub Date: 2018-11-26 DOI: 10.1037/bar0000151

Andrea B Courtemanche, Drew E Piersma, Maria G Valdovinos

{"title":"Evaluating the Relationship between the Rate and Temporal Distribution of Self-Injurious Behavior.","authors":"Andrea B Courtemanche, Drew E Piersma, Maria G Valdovinos","doi":"10.1037/bar0000151","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1037/bar0000151","url":null,"abstract":"Self-injurious behavior (SIB) presents unique challenges as researchers have identified that some SIB may be resistant to treatment. The unit of analysis in this research is often the frequency of behavior with relatively little attention devoted to the analysis of inter-response time relations. We assessed whether changes in the rate of SIB were also associated with changes in the temporal distribution of this behavior in the presence and absence of systematically manipulated environmental variables. This study included three participants diagnosed with profound intellectual disabilities who engaged in SIB maintained by both negative and automatic reinforcement. For two of the participants, we used a multiple baseline design across participants to assess the effects of noncontingent access to preferred activities on both the rate and temporal distribution of SIB. For the third participant, we used a reversal design to assess the effects of a change in daily schedule (i.e., attending or not attending work) on the rate and temporal distribution of SIB. For all three participants, antecedent manipulations decreased the rate of SIB; however, operant contingency values (a measure of temporal distribution) did not change in a corresponding fashion. These data suggest that although antecedent manipulations may decrease the overall rate of the behavior, once SIB is emitted, additional instances are likely to occur close together in time.","PeriodicalId":72345,"journal":{"name":"Behavior analysis (Washington, D.C.)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6594167/pdf/nihms-1030636.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"37094219","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Impacting Pediatric Primary Care: Opportunities and Challenges for Behavioral Research in a Shifting Healthcare Landscape. 影响儿科初级保健：在不断变化的医疗保健环境中行为研究的机遇和挑战。

Behavior analysis (Washington, D.C.) Pub Date : 2019-02-01 Epub Date: 2018-06-21 DOI: 10.1037/bar0000114

Andrew R Riley, Kurt A Freeman

引用次数: 0

Behavioral Economic Research in Addiction as an Area of Growth for the Experimental Analysis of Behavior. 成瘾行为经济学研究是行为实验分析的一个增长领域。

Behavior analysis (Washington, D.C.) Pub Date : 2018-11-01 Epub Date: 2018-06-18 DOI: 10.1037/bar0000105

Rachel N Cassidy, Allison N Kurti

{"title":"Behavioral Economic Research in Addiction as an Area of Growth for the Experimental Analysis of Behavior.","authors":"Rachel N Cassidy, Allison N Kurti","doi":"10.1037/bar0000105","DOIUrl":"10.1037/bar0000105","url":null,"abstract":"Behavioral economics, a synthesis of the experimental analysis of behavior (EAB) and economics, seeks to determine the relative value of reinforcers as a function of various environmental constraints. Early animal and human studies often focused on drug reinforcement, and this has continued to the present. In particular, behavioral economic analyses of human and animal behavior in relation to nicotine and cigarette smoking have contributed to a greater understanding of this behavior, and to a greater reliance on these methods in the field of smoking cessation treatment, tobacco regulatory science and tobacco control. In this commentary, we briefly describe the history of behavioral economics in the context of EAB methods, the particular contribution of these methods to understanding cigarette smoking and the advance of tobacco regulation, as well as opportunities for growth and remaining challenges in this area. As behavioral economics continues to stimulate research and inform policy, we propose that the underlying elements of a rigorous analytic approach to understanding behavior are key contributors to the fruitfulness of this approach.","PeriodicalId":72345,"journal":{"name":"Behavior analysis (Washington, D.C.)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6296815/pdf/nihms979815.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"36847221","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Resurrecting the individual in behavioral analysis: Using mixed effects models to address nonsystematic discounting data. 复活行为分析中的个体：使用混合效应模型处理非系统贴现数据。

Behavior analysis (Washington, D.C.) Pub Date : 2018-08-01 Epub Date: 2018-06-18 DOI: 10.1037/bar0000103

Kimberly Kirkpatrick, Andrew T Marshall, Catherine C Steele, Jennifer R Peterson

{"title":"Resurrecting the individual in behavioral analysis: Using mixed effects models to address nonsystematic discounting data.","authors":"Kimberly Kirkpatrick, Andrew T Marshall, Catherine C Steele, Jennifer R Peterson","doi":"10.1037/bar0000103","DOIUrl":"10.1037/bar0000103","url":null,"abstract":"Delay and probability discounting functions typically take a monotonic form, but some individuals produce functions that are nonsystematic. Johnson and Bickel (2008) developed an algorithm for classifying nonsystematic functions on the basis of two different criteria. Type 1 functions were identified as nonsystematic due to random choices and Type 2 functions were identified as nonsystematic due to relatively shallow slopes, suggesting poor sensitivity to choice parameters. Since their original publication, the algorithm has become widely used in the human discounting literature for removal of participants, with studies often removing approximately 20% of the original sample (Smith & Lawyer, 2017). Because subject removal may not always be feasible due to loss of power or other factors, the present report applied a mixed effects regression modeling technique (Wileyto, Audrain-Mcgovern, Epstein, & Lerman, 2004; Young, 2017) to account for individual differences in DD and PD functions. Assessment of the model estimates for Type 1 and 2 nonsystematic functions indicated that both types of functions deviated systematically from the rest of the sample in that nonsystematic participants were more likely to show shallower slopes and increased biases for larger amounts. The results indicate that removing these participants would fundamentally alter the properties of the final sample in undesirable ways. Because mixed effects models account for between-participant variation with random effects, we advocate for the use of these models for future analyses of a wide range of functions within the behavioral analysis field, with the benefit of avoiding the negative consequences associated with subject removal.","PeriodicalId":72345,"journal":{"name":"Behavior analysis (Washington, D.C.)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6101656/pdf/nihms920924.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"36419454","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Status and Future Directions of Preclinical Behavioral Pharmacology in Tobacco Regulatory Science. 临床前行为药理学在烟草调控科学中的研究现状与发展方向。

Behavior analysis (Washington, D.C.) Pub Date : 2018-08-01 Epub Date: 2018-07-09 DOI: 10.1037/bar0000113

Mark G LeSage, John R Smethells, Andrew C Harris

引用次数: 9

Assessing Perspective-Taking in Children through Different Formats of Deictic Framing Protocol 通过不同形式的指示语框架协议评估儿童的观点采纳

Behavior analysis (Washington, D.C.) Pub Date : 2018-06-27 DOI: 10.5772/INTECHOPEN.74539

María M. Montoya-Rodríguez, Francisco Javier Molina Cobos

{"title":"Assessing Perspective-Taking in Children through Different Formats of Deictic Framing Protocol","authors":"María M. Montoya-Rodríguez, Francisco Javier Molina Cobos","doi":"10.5772/INTECHOPEN.74539","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5772/INTECHOPEN.74539","url":null,"abstract":"The modern behavioral account of human language and cognition known as Relational Frame Theory (RFT) has argued that deictic relations are key repertoires underlying the development of the ability to take the perspective of another individual. Several studies have employed a deictic framing-based test protocol as an assessment of perspective-taking. In recent years, the format of the protocol has been modified in different studies. However, no empirical investigations have compared the original protocol with the new formats. The present chapter reports two studies that investigated whether a deictic relational protocol based on modification from recent research demonstrated better performance versus tradi-tional deictic relations measured, with typically developing children. Results of Study 1 showed that variability in the scenarios proposed by recent research could be the best option, although a series of modifications should be made for the target population. Results of Study 2 showed that a combination of both original and new protocols of deictic relations gave a better performance on the perspective-taking task in the sample used. This chapter supports the need to adapt perspective-taking protocol to the work with children. experimental procedures individually in two sessions. Sessions could be terminated upon the child ’ s request at any time (although this never occurred). The perspective-taking tasks consisted of different deictic relations protocols (explained in the Procedure) which included the three types of deictic frames (i.e., I-You, Here-There, and Now-Then) and the three levels of relational complexity (i.e., simple, reversed, and double reversed) used in the Barnes-Holmes protocol.","PeriodicalId":72345,"journal":{"name":"Behavior analysis (Washington, D.C.)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-06-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84825537","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Initial Condition and Behavior Patterns in Learning Dynamics: Study of Complexity and Sustainability from Time Series 学习动力学的初始条件和行为模式:从时间序列看复杂性和可持续性

Behavior analysis (Washington, D.C.) Pub Date : 2018-06-27 DOI: 10.5772/INTECHOPEN.74140

Patricio Hernández

{"title":"Initial Condition and Behavior Patterns in Learning Dynamics: Study of Complexity and Sustainability from Time Series","authors":"Patricio Hernández","doi":"10.5772/INTECHOPEN.74140","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5772/INTECHOPEN.74140","url":null,"abstract":"Learning is an essential part of human life. In it, our sensory organs and neural networks participate and integrate emotional behaviors, indagative and persuasive abilities, along with the ability to selectively acquire information, to mention a fraction of the media used in learning, converge to it. This study presents the results of the observational monitoring of behaviors, displayed by teams of students in learning processes, their interactions, representing them as series of time. These time series contain the dynamics of learning: weak, average, and chaotic, differentiated by the control parameter (connectivity) that is increasing respectively. The exponents of Lyapunov, the entropy of Kolmogorov, the complexity, the loss of information for each series, and the projection horizon of the processes are calculated for each series. The results, approximate, show that the chaotic dynamics propitiate the learning, given that there is an increase of connectivity within the teams breaking patterns or behavioral stereotypes. The entropic character of connectivity allows estimating the complexity of this human activity, exposing its sustainability, which brings irreversible conflicts with nature, given that the universe of nonequilibrium is a connected universe. Finally, the analysis model developed is historically contextualized, in first approximation, in some ancient civilizations.","PeriodicalId":72345,"journal":{"name":"Behavior analysis (Washington, D.C.)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-06-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84698890","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0