Archives of microbiology & immunology最新文献

{"title":"Clinical Analysis of 14 Pediatric Cases of Listeria Monocytogenes Meningitis in Southwest China","authors":"Cai Xiaotang, Zhou Wei, Y. Dan, Xie Yongmei, Wang Zhiing, Z. Hui","doi":"10.26502/ami.93650026","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26502/ami.93650026","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Pediatric meningitis caused by Listeria monocytogenes is rare and is associated with high mortality and morbidity. Because L. monocytogenes meningitis in children from Southwest China has rarely been reported, we aimed to summarize the clinical data of pediatric L. monocytogenes meningitis cases encountered at our hospital to improve disease diagnosis and treatment.Methods: Predisposing factors, clinical manifestations, laboratory tests, and cranial images of 14 pediatric patients were retrospectively analyzed.Results: Among the patients, 57% were neonates (87.5%, preterm infants; 50%, maternofetal infection cases). In non-neonatal cases, 50% had predisposing factors, including cancer-associated chemotherapy and congenital heart disease with rickets. All neonatal cases had positive blood cultures, with poor response, frequent apnea or tachypnea, birth asphyxia, and seizure being the predominant manifestations. All non-neonates had positive cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) cultures, with fever, vomiting, headache, and neck stiffness being the predominant symptoms. Pediatric patient mortality was 21.4% (two neonates with maternofetal infection; one non-neonate). Excluding three deaths and one self-discharge, three patients had hydrocephalus (two neonates; one non-neonate); four patients had developmental retardation (three neonates; one non-neonate).Conclusions: L. monocytogenes meningitis had numerous predisposing factors, commonly including mother-tochild transmission in neonates (particularly preterm infants) and hypoimmunity in non-neonates. Differently aged patients showed different clinical manifestations. Neonatal and non-neonatal cases, mostly occurred secondary to bloodstream infections and CSF infections, respectively. Mortality rate was high, and hydrocephalus was the predominant neurological complication. Mortality and disability rates were higher for neonates than for nonneonates.","PeriodicalId":72285,"journal":{"name":"Archives of microbiology & immunology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69344611","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Rare Case of Asymptomatic Cryptococcal Meningitis with Cryptococcal Pneumonia Case Report","authors":"Cristabel Robles Hidalgo, K. Thakore, A. Pillai","doi":"10.26502/ami.93650028","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26502/ami.93650028","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction The pathogenic encapsulated yeasts in the genus Cryptococcus remains one of the most important opportunistic fungal pathogens in Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS), more than 80% of the total cases worldwide [1]. Cryptococcal infections are caused by encapsulated fungi Cryptococcus gattii and C. neoformans [2]. C. neoformans usually infects the central nervous system (CNS) and/or lungs with typical clinical manifestation [3]. Asymptomatic Cryptococcal meningitis in the setting of Cryptococcal pneumonia is a rare finding in patients with Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV). We report a case of a young woman with AIDS who presented with symptoms of pneumonia and was subsequently found to have subacute cryptococcal meningitis.","PeriodicalId":72285,"journal":{"name":"Archives of microbiology & immunology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69344646","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ultrasound and Serology For Diagnosis of Human Cystic Echinococcosis in An Endemic Zone in China","authors":"Jian Liu, Q. Gao, Dan Li, Yu Feng, Wenhua Ning, Yanqing Dong, Jingyi Li, Wenjun Xu, Deli Xin","doi":"10.26502/ami.93650027","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26502/ami.93650027","url":null,"abstract":"Cystic echinococcosis (CE) is a public health concern in China. However, the incidence and prevalence of CE in the Chinese province of Gansu is not well known. CE diagnosis is often limited to ultrasonography (US) and serological tests. We have assessed the use of these two approaches for diagnosis of CE in the Xiahe county (Gannan prefecture, Gansu province), an endemic area in the northwest of China. This was a community-based cross-sectional study involving 972 people selected by multi-stage cluster random sampling. CE was investigated by US and serology, using a commercially available ELISA test. Eighty-four individuals tested positive for serology, out of whom 74 (88.10%) were 21-60 years old. Twelve individuals were diagnosed by US. Overall, seroprevalence was 8.63%, and the rate of individuals diagnosed by US was 1.23%. Seroprevalence was higher among females than males (10.16% vs. 6.5%), while the rate of individuals diagnosed by US was slightly higher among males (1.22% vs. 0.89%). Our  results demonstrate that CE remains prevalent in the Gansu province. Serological monitoring can be a valuable tool for detection of infected individuals.","PeriodicalId":72285,"journal":{"name":"Archives of microbiology & immunology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69344644","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Case of an Immunocompetent Patient with Disseminated Histoplasmosis Presenting with an Oral Lesion","authors":"Ramsha Saleem and Pillai Anjana","doi":"10.26502/AMI.93650029","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26502/AMI.93650029","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: Presentation of a case of disseminated histoplasmosis in an immunocompetent individual from a non endemic region, in which a mucocutaneous lesion was the presenting sign of infection.Case: A 38 year old male from Bangladesh who presented with dysphagia and odynophagia for one month. On physical examination, he was noted to have an ulcerative lesion of the left tongue and epiglottis. Biopsy revealed Histoplasma organisms. The patient was successfully treated with amphotericin for ten days as an inpatient and itraconazole as an outpatient.Conclusion: This case highlights that a diagnosis of infection with fungal organisms, such as Histoplasmosis, must be kept in the differential of mucocutaneous lesions.","PeriodicalId":72285,"journal":{"name":"Archives of microbiology & immunology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69344650","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Isolation Reddish Pigment Producer Metschnikowia Species as Skin Residents: A Case Report and Short Review of the Literature","authors":"Z. Rafat, S. Hashemi, Seyed Farshad Hashemi, R. D. Ghazvini, B. Roohi, K. Ahmadikia, H. Bakhshi","doi":"10.26502/ami.93650032","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26502/ami.93650032","url":null,"abstract":"In our investigation on skin fungal flora associated with 9 different skin sites of 238 healthy people, including 119 males and 119 females, 3 Metschnikowia species were isolated. 2 of them were detected from the fingernail and the exile of an 87-year-old man and 1 of them was detected from the groin of a 76-years-old man. Collected samples were examined by culture on Sabouraud Chloramphenicol Agar and then 3 yeast-like organisms with reddish pigment, were detected. For precise identification, the D1/D2 domain of the large subunit (26S) ribosomal DNA region was sequenced. To our knowledge, this is the first report of isolation reddish pigment producer Metschnikowia spp. as human cutaneous residents in Iran. According to the fact that the intensity of pigmentation is correlated with the antimicrobial activity, this rare yeast is a human colonizer that specially can turn into a human pathogen in immunocompromised patients.","PeriodicalId":72285,"journal":{"name":"Archives of microbiology & immunology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69344665","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Variations in T-Cell Response Among Cow’s Milk Allergy Children With Or Without Sensitization to Casein Protein","authors":"Miao Qing, Li Zhen, Li Yongge, Wang Yan, Reng Yi-xin, Guan Hui, Xu Wei, Jiang Nannan, Huang Huijie, Hou Xiao-ling, Xiang Li","doi":"10.26502/ami.93650030","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26502/ami.93650030","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: To explore the potential differences in allergen-specific T immunological responses among cow’s milk allergic(CMA) patients with or without casein sensitization.Methods: A total of 25 children with IgE-dependent CMA were recruited from outpatient clinic in Beijing Children’s Hospital from January to August of 2017, including 14 CMA patient with a positive sensitization to casein component, 11 CMA patient being sensitized to cow’s milk, but a negative sIgE for casein component, and another 10 atopic control subjects without CMA were also included as negative control group in this study. The expression level of T cell related transcription factor in PBMCs or total CD4+ cells were detected by quantitative PCR, and the release of T cell related cytokines in donor’s serum was determined by Luminex xMAP 200 System. Upon in-vitro stimulation with casein protein, the proliferation rates of PBMCs-derived T cells were assessed by flow cytometry, and T related cytokines production in culture supernatant was evaluated as well.Results: A significantly higher level of GATA3 expression transcripts in PBMCs or total CD4+ cells were detected in casein-sensitized CMA patients than those without casein sensitization. An increase in IL-4 (74.1±16.5pg/ml vs 64.9±12.8 pg/ml, P<0.05) and a decrease in IL-10 (3.1±2.4 pg/ml vs 4.9±2.8 pg/ml, P<0.05) production were found in casein-sensitized CMA patient’s plasma than patients without casein sensitization. Upon in-vitro stimulation with cow’s milk protein mixture, a significantly higher proliferation rate of casein-specific CD4+T cells (30.0±5.8% vs 20.7±5.5%, P<0.05) as well as increased productions of IL-4(4.1±13.6 vs 64.7±12.3pg/ml, P<0.05) and IL- 13(48.7±10.3 vs 38.7±9.4pg/ml, P<0.05) were found in casein-sensitized CMA patients compared those without casein sensitization.Conclusions: Our findings preliminarily revealed that a distinctive T cell mediated immune response among CMA patient with the different sensitized component.","PeriodicalId":72285,"journal":{"name":"Archives of microbiology & immunology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69344654","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Carriage Profile of Transient Oral Bacteria among Dar es Salaam Hypertensive Patients and its Association to Hypertension","authors":"Boaz Cairo, G. Bwire, K. Mwambete","doi":"10.26502/ami.93650033","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26502/ami.93650033","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The causes of hypertension can be either reversible and/or irreversible. Oral infections caused by transient normal flora, Porphyromonas gingivalis in particular is among the reversible factors which can directly or indirectly influence hypertension. Therefore, the study was conducted to determine the oral bacterial profile and establish an association between P. gingivalis carriage and hypertension.Methods: A hospital based cross sectional study was conducted between January and July 2018 at Muhimbili National Hospital, Dar es Salaam. Oral swabs were collected and cultured in the appropriate media for isolation of bacteria. Bacterial identification was done using cultural properties and series of biochemical tests. Cramer’s V test analyzed categorical variables while Pearson correlation analyzed continous variables. Logistic regression was used in determination of Odds Ratio (OR). P value less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant.Results: In 120 hypertensive patients (HTP) the most isolated bacterial species were Streptococcus pyogenes, Streptococcus agalactiae and Staphylococcus aureus by 20.6%, 18.8%and 7.1% respectively while for 50 nonhypertensive patients (NHTP) were 9.4%, 8.2% and 2.9% for S. pyogenes, S. agalactiae and S. aureus respectively. The prevalence of P. gingivalis was 10.6% in HTP and 1.2% in NHTP (p < 0.05). There was no significant association between harbouring P. gingivalis and hypertension (OR = 4.2; 95%CI = 0.944 -18.993; p = 0.130).Conclusions: Hypertensive patients exhibit high oral carriage of transient bacteria especially P. gingivalis as compared to non-hypertensive individuals. However, there was no association between P. gingivalis carriage and hypertension.","PeriodicalId":72285,"journal":{"name":"Archives of microbiology & immunology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69344699","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Methodical Review on Poxvirus Replication, Genes Responsible for the Development of Infection and Host Immune Response Against the Disease","authors":"Takele Tesgera Hurisa, H. Jia, Guo-hua Chen, Fangzhi Xiang, Xiaobing He, X. Wang, Z. Jing","doi":"10.26502/AMI.93650024","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26502/AMI.93650024","url":null,"abstract":"Poxviruses are among the best known and most feared viruses in the world and their emergence was estimated to be around thousands of years ago. Poxviruses use the majority of their genes for intonation of their host antiviral reaction and, assumed as virulence genes. This review aims to cite information about the replication of poxvirus, genes responsible for causing the disease and host defense mechanism against the virus. Glycosaminoglycan’s (GAGs) is supposed to be the receptors of poxvirus during entrance to cells for replication. More than one enzyme is encoded by several poxviruses for production of DNA, which probably increases genome replication in inactive cells. Based on fluorescent dye visualization, the DNA synthesis of Poxvirus is detected within two hours after infection takes place in a separate juxtanuclear location known as factories. The Acquired immune response is a complex interaction of a number of cell types and the consequently lead to the generation of specific antiviral antibody of B lymphocytes and in virus-specific DTH and cytotoxic responses by T lymphocytes. In poxvirus infection, immunodeficiency syndrome reflects both a primary and secondary immunosuppression. Poxviruses infections have a varied effect on host macromolecular Syntheses and act against interferon activities.","PeriodicalId":72285,"journal":{"name":"Archives of microbiology & immunology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69344598","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Streptococcus bovis as a Cause of Spontaneous Bacterial Peritonitis (SBP) and the Role of Colonoscopy","authors":"K. Esquenazi, Vincent Campion, A. Pillai","doi":"10.26502/ami.93650031","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26502/ami.93650031","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction Spontaneous bacterial peritonitis (SBP) is an infection of ascitic fluid in the absence of any intra‐abdominal, surgically treatable source of infection with a reported incidence in ascetic patients of up to 30%. Bacterial translocation is believed to be the mode of infection with the most common pathogens being enteric pathogens, including Escherichia coli (∼70%), Klebsiella species (∼10%), Proteus species, Enterococcus faecalis (∼4% each), Pseudomonas species (∼2%) and others (∼6%) [1]. Streptococcus bovis as an isolate of ascetic fluid is uncommon and less than 20 cases have been reported in the literature [2]. We describe a case of streptococcus bovis SBP and consider the role of colonoscopy in these patients.","PeriodicalId":72285,"journal":{"name":"Archives of microbiology & immunology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69344658","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}