Annals of the Child Neurology Society最新文献

{"title":"Fenfluramine: An Uncommon Cause of False Positive Urine Drug Testing: A Case Report","authors":"Maria Ghawji,&nbsp;Meagan Hainlen,&nbsp;Charuta Joshi","doi":"10.1002/cns3.70012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/cns3.70012","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Fenfluramine is an antiseizure medication approved by the Food and Drug Administration for the treatment of Dravet syndrome in patients older than 2 years. Fenfluramine is an amphetamine derivative. It cross-reacts with amphetamines in urine drug screen immunoassays.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Patient Presentation</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A 2-year-old patient with Dravet syndrome had a cardiorespiratory arrest and tested positive for amphetamines in a urine drug screen, raising concerns of child abuse. Liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry confirmed the presence of fenfluramine but did not detect amphetamines.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Fenfluramine can result in a false-positive amphetamine urine drug screen at the recommended dose for Dravet syndrome. Awareness of this potential cross-reactivity can prevent undue child protective services reports, especially in patients at high risk for sudden death.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":72232,"journal":{"name":"Annals of the Child Neurology Society","volume":"3 2","pages":"121-124"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/cns3.70012","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144299653","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Advancing FIRES Treatment: The Potential of Intrathecal Dexamethasone","authors":"Carol Park,&nbsp;Douglas R. Nordli III,&nbsp;Mohamed Taha,&nbsp;Henry David,&nbsp;Shawn Kacker,&nbsp;Tareq Kass-Hout,&nbsp;Sonam Thind,&nbsp;Aurelie Hanin,&nbsp;Sana Said,&nbsp;Hiba A. Haider,&nbsp;Douglas R. Nordli Jr.","doi":"10.1002/cns3.70008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/cns3.70008","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Febrile infection-related epilepsy syndrome (FIRES) is a rare, devastating epilepsy syndrome characterized by refractory status epilepticus following a febrile illness.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Patient Description</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We describe a 12-year-old girl with FIRES who exhibited a remarkable clinical and electrographic response to intrathecal dexamethasone (IT-DEX) after failing multiple antiseizure and immunomodulatory therapies. Despite persistent neuroinflammation, IT-DEX led to rapid seizure control and significant neurological recovery.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This report supports IT-DEX as a promising intervention in FIRES and underscores the need for further research into its mechanisms and long-term efficacy.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":72232,"journal":{"name":"Annals of the Child Neurology Society","volume":"3 2","pages":"115-120"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/cns3.70008","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144299750","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Correction to “Rett Syndrome: The Natural History Study Journey”","authors":"","doi":"10.1002/cns3.70004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/cns3.70004","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Percy AK, Benke TA, Marsh ED, Neul JL. Rett syndrome: The Natural History Study Journey. <i>Ann Child Neurol Soc</i>. 2024;2(3):189–205. doi: 10.1002/cns3.20086.</p><p>We apologize for this error.</p>","PeriodicalId":72232,"journal":{"name":"Annals of the Child Neurology Society","volume":"3 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/cns3.70004","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144300297","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"“Ears of the Lynx” Sign on Brain MRI in Siblings With Spastic Paraplegia: A Case Report","authors":"Qingqing Wang,&nbsp;Manikum Moodley","doi":"10.1002/cns3.20105","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/cns3.20105","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Hereditary spastic paraplegia (HSP) is a rare, clinically and genetically heterogenous condition that selectively affects the terminal segment of the descending corticospinal tract of the lumbar spine area, causing lower extremity spastic weakness with or without associated complex neurological symptoms. HSP type 11 is the most common form of autosomal recessive HSP and has unique clinical and neuroimaging features.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We describe the clinical manifestations and imaging features of siblings with childhood-onset autosomal recessive HSP. Genetic testing confirmed compound heterozygous spastic paraplegia gene (SPG) 11 mutations.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The older brother developed poor balance and progressive difficulty with walking starting in childhood. He also experienced poor memory and urinary incontinence. He was born preterm at 30 weeks and was developmentally delayed and cognitivly impaired. His examination revealed length-dependent corticospinal tract signs. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed thinning of the corpus callosum and periventricular signal changes. His earlier cerebral palsy (CP) diagnosis was based on the history and imaging findings, but rcognition of the “ears of the lynx” MRI sign led to the correct diagnosis of HSP 11 with the Invitae HSP gene panel. The younger sister has similar but milder manifestations and, has the same mutation as her brother.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Interpretation</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Although the manifestations of HSP in children often mimic those of CP, the management and progression of HSP differ substantially.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":72232,"journal":{"name":"Annals of the Child Neurology Society","volume":"3 2","pages":"105-109"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/cns3.20105","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144300221","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Synergy in Child Neurology: Science, Collaboration, and Leadership – The 2024 Hower Award Lecture","authors":"Renée A. Shellhaas","doi":"10.1002/cns3.70005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/cns3.70005","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;This is an exciting era in child neurology! The scientific state of the art is accelerating rapidly. New diagnostics and treatments are here – or are coming quickly. And our community of researchers, clinicians, and educators is becoming more diverse and increasingly representative of the children and families we serve.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Of course, we have our challenges. What does it take to be a successful researcher in the current climate? How do we best take care of the many patients who need us? How do we recruit new colleagues and retain them in the field? Who will be the next wave of child neurology leaders? None of these questions have easy answers, but the solutions come down to three fundamental values: great science, effective and consistent collaboration, and excellent leadership.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Since the state of the art is advancing so quickly, this is a crucial time to mindfully evaluate how the new data can be incorporated into clinical practice. Apart from our need for rigorous training in implementation science and quality improvement methodology, one of our field's main challenges is the limited number of clinicians available to care for children with neurologic disease.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;In 2024, 177 medical students matched into US child neurology residency programs [&lt;span&gt;47&lt;/span&gt;]. We do not currently have a systematic approach to quantifying the number of nurse practitioners or physician assistants in child neurology (personal communication, Mona Jacobson, president, ACNN), but such advanced practice providers are clearly a key element of expanded access to clinical care. To enable continued advances in the state of the art, it is crucial that every single one of these individuals succeeds and is retained in child neurology. And we need to recruit far more.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Early exposure to child neurology is an essential long-term strategy. From effective pipeline programs for school-aged children, to exposure to neurosciences in the undergraduate years, and learning from outstanding and inspirational clinicians in the early months of medical and nursing school, educators matter.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;It is clear that we need to develop excellent leaders in child neurology. There are countless open positions for division chiefs, section heads, and program leaders – not to mention department chairs in Pediatrics and Neurology. The &lt;i&gt;CNS&lt;/i&gt; now has a committee on Leadership, Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion. This team is working to develop appropriate programming, but it is clear that support for emerging leaders must come from a range of sources – from national organizations to medical school offices of faculty development, to individuals who are willing to advise, mentor, and sponsor.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;For senior child neurologists, this is a critical time to actively identify and develop emerging leaders. Challenging high-performers so they are constantly learning and performing at their highest potential is key for retention and career satisfaction – with benefit to the entire field ","PeriodicalId":72232,"journal":{"name":"Annals of the Child Neurology Society","volume":"3 2","pages":"71-77"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/cns3.70005","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144300410","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Deep Phenotyping of the Broader Autism Phenotype in Epilepsy: A Transdiagnostic Marker of Epilepsy and Autism Spectrum Disorder","authors":"Annie E. Richard,&nbsp;Ingrid E. Scheffer,&nbsp;Sarah J. Wilson","doi":"10.1002/cns3.20104","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/cns3.20104","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objective</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We conducted deep and minimal phenotyping of the broader autism phenotype (BAP) in people with epilepsy (PWE) and compared its expression with published rates in the general population and relatives of individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD-relatives). We then examined the association of clinical epilepsy variables with BAP expression to explore its underpinnings in PWE.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>103 adults with seizures (<i>M</i>_age = 37.37, SD = 12.50; 47% males; 51 temporal lobe epilepsy, 40 genetic generalized epilepsy, 12 other) and 58 community members (<i>M</i>_age = 39.59, SD = 14.56; 35% males) underwent deep phenotyping using the observer-rated Autism Endophenotype Interview and minimal phenotyping with the Broader Autism Phenotype Questionnaire (BAPQ). Published rates of the BAP were ascertained from large randomly selected samples (<i>n</i> &gt; 100) of the general population and ASD-relatives based on BAPQ data.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>There was a higher rate of BAP in PWE (15% males, 27% females) compared with the general population (5% males, 7% females) and a similar rate to ASD-relatives (9% males, 20% females). Deep phenotyping identified an additional 22 males and 10 females, with the combined measures indicating elevated rates of the BAP in PWE (44% males, 36% females). Only a shorter duration of epilepsy was weakly correlated with BAP trait expression in males (<i>r</i> = − 0.21, <i>p</i> = 0.05).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Interpretation</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>PWE have a high rate of BAP, largely unrelated to secondary clinical epilepsy effects. The BAP may provide a trans-diagnostic marker of shared etiological mechanisms of epilepsy and ASD and partly account for psychosocial difficulties faced by PWE with childhood or adult onset of seizures.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":72232,"journal":{"name":"Annals of the Child Neurology Society","volume":"3 2","pages":"78-90"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/cns3.20104","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144300198","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Salvage Trans-Sylvian Peri-Insular Hemispherotomy After Embolic Hemispherectomy","authors":"Michael E. Baumgartner,&nbsp;Sudha Kessler,&nbsp;Kathleen Galligan,&nbsp;James E. Baumgartner,&nbsp;Benjamin C. Kennedy","doi":"10.1002/cns3.70003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/cns3.70003","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Hemispherectomy and hemispherotomy represent well-established treatments for drug-resistant hemispheric epilepsy. An alternative endovascular procedure has been explored for cases with challenging surgical anatomy, which seeks to achieve the clinical effect of hemispherectomy via embolization of the major cerebral arteries and subsequent hemispheric infarction. Neither the safety nor effectiveness of this procedure has been established.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Patient Description</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A 4-month-old girl with a history of drug-resistant focal epilepsy due to left-sided hemimegalecephaly previously treated with endovascular hemispherectomy at another institution presented for surgical evaluation due to ongoing electroclinical seizures despite multiple antiseizure medications. Pre-operative magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) revealed viable tissue, including mesial temporal structures, and a salvage hemispherotomy was performed. The embolized cortex was surprisingly well-perfused intra-operatively. Postoperatively, she has had no further seizures at 1-year follow-up.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Embolization of the three large hemispheric arteries achieved neither complete hemispheric destruction nor complete disconnection in this case and did not resolve the patient's seizures, necessitating salvage hemispherotomy. While it is difficult to draw definitive conclusions from a single patient's course, our experience suggests that endovascular hemispheric destruction may not be an effective substitute for surgical hemispherectomy or hemispherotomy.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":72232,"journal":{"name":"Annals of the Child Neurology Society","volume":"3 2","pages":"110-114"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/cns3.70003","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144300199","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Coordinate Network Mapping of Focal Brain Volume Differences in ADHD Reveals Common Patterns That Lack Specificity: A Systematic Review","authors":"Juliana Wall,&nbsp;Gillian N. Miller,&nbsp;Joseph J. Taylor,&nbsp;Jacob L. Stubbs,&nbsp;Simon K. Warfield,&nbsp;Alexander L. Cohen","doi":"10.1002/cns3.20108","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/cns3.20108","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objective</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) has been associated with decreased regional brain volume, yet no consistent localization has emerged across studies. This discrepancy has been attributed to ADHD's diagnostic heterogeneity; however, one alternative is that ADHD is associated with alterations of brain networks, not individual regions. To test this hypothesis, we compared a traditional anatomic likelihood estimate (ALE) with a “coordinate network mapping” (CNM) approach using data from 38 studies comparing regional brain volumes in ADHD versus healthy controls.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We performed an ALE analysis, determining above-chance convergence between experiments. Next, we calculated the overlap with the putamen and default mode network, defined a priori. We then applied CNM, generating connectivity maps for each study and statistically comparing these maps to identify common areas of connectivity across studies. Finally, we compared the network map of ADHD with several control groups of neuropsychiatric disorders and with randomly generated coordinates.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>ALE identified no significant spatial convergence between experiments. We also found only limited spatial overlap with the default mode network and weak functional connectivity with the putamen. Conversely, CNM revealed that the heterogenous coordinates fell within a consistent brain network characterized by connectivity with the reward and cingulo-opercular “action mode” networks. However, we could not differentiate this network from the CNM-derived networks in control groups.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Interpretation</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Although this network is biologically plausible and consistent with ADHD symptoms, the findings suggest that this network is not specific to ADHD and may reflect large-scale brain networks. Although this meta-analysis adds to the literature on the neurobiology of ADHD, the nonspecific findings convey the importance of studying ADHD at the symptom level.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":72232,"journal":{"name":"Annals of the Child Neurology Society","volume":"3 2","pages":"91-104"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/cns3.20108","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144299748","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Tacrolimus-Related Neurotoxicity of the Pons in Children: Review of the Literature and a Case Report","authors":"Amy Hill,&nbsp;Mohamed Bilal Haradwala,&nbsp;Jean-Baptiste Le Pichon","doi":"10.1002/cns3.70000","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/cns3.70000","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Introduction</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Tacrolimus is a potent immunosuppressive agent effective in preventing solid organ transplant rejection. It is widely used following allogeneic liver, kidney, heart, and bone marrow transplantation. Tacrolimus-related neurotoxicity, which can present in up to one-third of patients, manifests with a broad clinical spectrum. Neuroradiological features are classically reported as bilateral and symmetrical lesions involving the parietal and occipital lobes, similar to posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome. Tacrolimus-related toxicity can also affect other parts of the brain, including the brainstem, although isolated brainstem involvement is rare.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This report describes a patient who had tacrolimus-related neurotoxicity with an isolated brainstem lesion in which symptoms resolved with only a brief hold of the tacrolimus. A literature review identified four other pediatric patients who had tacrolimus-associated neurotoxicity with isolated brainstem involvement.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Discussion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Tacrolimus-associated neurotoxicity with pontine lesions in children is rare. In previously reported patients, tacrolimus was discontinued and neurological symptoms resolved. Our patient developed tacrolimus-associated clinical changes and pontine lesions that improved following a brief hold of the tacrolimus treatment. This girl highlights tacrolimus-associated neurotoxicity isolated to the brainstem in pediatric patients and demonstrates that tacrolimus may be safely restarted with careful monitoring and follow-up.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":72232,"journal":{"name":"Annals of the Child Neurology Society","volume":"3 1","pages":"41-45"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/cns3.70000","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143688783","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Quantifying age-related changes in mirror overflow in children and adolescents with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder","authors":"Beatrice Ojuri,&nbsp;Deana Crocetti,&nbsp;Evan Bucklin,&nbsp;Stewart H. Mostofsky,&nbsp;Joshua B. Ewen","doi":"10.1002/cns3.20100","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/cns3.20100","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objective</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) show excessive mirror overflow (particularly in the nondominant hand); however, patterns of age-related decrease of overflow remain unclear. This study aimed to quantify age-related changes in mirror overflow in youth with and without ADHD.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Average mirror overflow was examined during left-hand finger tapping (LHFT; nondominant finger tapping) and right-hand finger tapping (RHFT; dominant finger tapping) using electronic finger twitch transducers in a cross-sectional sample of youth with ADHD (<i>n</i> = 77) and typically developing (TD) youth (<i>n</i> = 75) ages 8–18 years. Effects of age and ADHD diagnosis on LHFT, RHFT, and a summed “total” overflow (TOF) across hands were examined across the sample age range and within childhood (8–12 years) and adolescence (13–18 years).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>ADHD youth showed a decrease in overflow with age, including a large effect for TOF, with a very large age effect for LHFT but a more moderate age effect for RHFT. TD youth showed a moderate decrease in overflow with age for TOF, with a large decrease for LHFT but no significant decrease for RHFT. Additionally, we found that large effects of ADHD-related excessive overflow in childhood diminished in adolescence.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Interpretation</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Findings suggest that mirror overflow in ADHD youth diminishes into adolescence but does not resolve completely, suggesting ADHD-associated increased mirror overflow may reflect both a developmentally resolving effect and a somewhat persistent atypicality. Future studies with larger and longitudinal samples would provide additional insight into mechanisms contributing to excessive mirror overflow and its relationship to both clinical and neurobiological aspects of ADHD-associated disinhibition.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":72232,"journal":{"name":"Annals of the Child Neurology Society","volume":"3 1","pages":"16-25"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/cns3.20100","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143688821","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}