Annals of Ibadan postgraduate medicine最新文献

{"title":"LEVEL OF MONOCYTE CHEMOATTRACTANT PROTEIN-1 (MCP-1) AND PATTERN OF INJURIES IN POLYTRAUMA PATIENTS.","authors":"M Balogun","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Trauma and trauma-related injuries are rife worldwide and constitutes part of the most common cause of hospital admission. Monocyte Chemoattractant Protein-1 is produced by several array of cells in acute traumatic injury and tissue repair.</p><p><strong>Materials and method: </strong>This research is a prospective hospital-based study carried out at a tertiary hospital in south western Nigeria. Patients admitted through the Emergency department were categorized based on the inclusion criteria. Those eligible for inclusion were recruited and had their blood samples taken into an endotoxin free test tube at 48 +/- 2 hours after trauma. MCP-1 levels in the serum was estimated though the Human MCP-1 ELISA kit. This process was carried out using the ELISA technique based on the manufacturer's guide.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The samples of 110 patients were analyzed, patient with the highest combination of injury had injuries to the Head and Neck, Face, chest, Abdomen, Extremity fractures and skin with MCP-1 value of 463pg/ml. The test of relationship using the F-test (0.299), and P-value (1.000) does not demonstrate any correlation between patterns of injury to MCP-1 values in polytrauma patients.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The study showed no significant relationship between the patterns of injury in polytrauma patients with serum MCP-1 levels. Therefore, injury pattern cannot be used to predict MCP-1 levels.</p>","PeriodicalId":72221,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Ibadan postgraduate medicine","volume":"22 2","pages":"42-46"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11848364/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143506500","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"OBESITY & HYPERTENSION - 'TWO PEAS IN A POD'.","authors":"A O Akanji","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>There is a global epidemic of obesity and hypertension. These two relatively common disorders derive from a basic underlying pathophysiologic abnormality, like 'two peas in a pod' There is a consensus that obesity predicts the future development of hypertension and that the relationship between blood pressure and body weight is linear independent of gender, age, and socioeconomic status. This brief commentary outlines the pathogenetic mechanisms for the obesity-hypertension association. These mechanisms are likely complex, multifactorial, and polygenic with possible roots in early ontogeny. A unifying hypothesis should integrate food intake and excess (resulting in weight gain) with increased sympathetic nervous activity (resulting in increased blood pressure). The adipokine, leptin, appears well suited to fill that role - its hypothalamic signaling pathways and neurovascular outcomes are therefore explored in some detail. An understanding of these relationships from the perspectives of both epidemiology and pathophysiology is crucial to the management of both disorders - obesity with hypertension - and particularly more so in developing countries that lack the resources to deal with the looming epidemic of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease.</p>","PeriodicalId":72221,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Ibadan postgraduate medicine","volume":"22 2","pages":"141-147"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11848363/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143506503","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"PROFILE AND PATTERN OF PEOPLE DIAGNOSED WITH EARLY ONSET DEMENTIA ATTENDING A PSYCHOGERIATRIC CLINIC IN SOUTHWESTERN NIGERIA: A RETROSPECTIVE CASE SERIES.","authors":"O O Elugbadebo, T Olojugba, C Okwudiri, L Adebusoye, O Baiyewu","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Accessing data on the profile and pattern of people diagnosed with early onset dementia (EOD) can be challenging, especially in Low-and-Middle-Income Countries. Research focused on the epidemiology of EOD will improve early detection and diagnosis, and the understanding of its impact on individuals and society.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>The study seeks to describe the sociodemographic and clinical characteristics of people diagnosed with EOD in an outpatient memory clinic.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>A retrospective quantitative case series to investigate the pattern and characteristics of people diagnosed with EOD attending a Psychogeriatric Clinic in Southwestern Nigeria. Data were collected manually from the medical case records of people with dementia who attended the psychogeriatric clinic.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The subjects' mean ± SD age was 60.2 ± 4.2 years and 50% were females. The most common medical comorbidity was hypertension (50.0%). Depression (15.8%) was the most common behavioral symptom. Alzheimer's dementia (50.0%) was the predominant dementia type. There was a significant difference in the age (p=0.001), Boston naming test (p=0.011), based on the educational status of the participants. The neuropsychological profile of the participants showed low scores in some specific domains like memory and language.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Depression and hypertension are major comorbid conditions affecting persons with EOD. Such persons are impaired in some specific domains such as memory and language skills. Early detection and management of both conditions could have a positive impact on the overall management of Early-Onset Dementia.</p>","PeriodicalId":72221,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Ibadan postgraduate medicine","volume":"22 2","pages":"148-155"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11848371/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143506507","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Erratum: RE: BURDEN OF CYTOPAENIAS AMONG HIV POSITIVE PREGNANT WOMEN AT THE UNIVERSITY COLLEGE HOSPITAL, IBADAN.","authors":"","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>[This corrects the article on p. 99 in vol. 16 PMChttps://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6580407.].</p>","PeriodicalId":72221,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Ibadan postgraduate medicine","volume":"22 2","pages":"162"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11848361/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143506496","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"BASELINE CLINICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF CONTEMPORARY ADULT CHRONIC RHEUMATIC HEART DISEASE IN IBADAN, NIGERIA.","authors":"O S Ogah, A T Adeyanju, E P Iyawe, K F Okwunze, M Okeke, A C Ugah, C A Nwamadiegesi, F E Obiekwe, T K Afolabi, O V Adeyeye, C H Ezeh, A Aje, A Adebiyi","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Introduction: Rheumatic heart disease (RHD) is a major public health issue, especially in developing countries. Globally, the largest increase in RHD incidence over 30 years was seen in sub-Saharan Africa, further contributing to the burden of cardiovascular disease in a region with high rates of hypertensive heart disease and cardiomyopathies. There are few reports describing the contemporary clinical profile of RHD in Nigeria.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>The objective of the study is to describe the profile of RHD at the University College Hospital Ibadan.</p><p><strong>Methodology: </strong>This is an analysis of data collected on adult patients aged 18 years and above attending the cardiology service of the University College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria between September 1, 2016, and August 31, 2021. We collected information on the bio-data, clinical features, and echocardiographic diagnoses.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>During this period, 92 cases of RHD were diagnosed and 24 (26.1%) were male. The mean age of the study population was 49.67 ± 17.54 years, with ages ranging from 16 to 86 years. Most participants (45.7%) were within the age group of 30-49 years. Most (70.8%) of the participants presented in NYHA Class II heart failure. The most common presentation mode was dyspnea on exertion and nocturnal cough (64.1%). Mitral regurgitation was the commonest lesion (65.4%).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Rheumatic heart disease is still a common cause of adult heart disease in Ibadan. There is a need for concerted efforts to tackle the burden of this disease by increasing screening among high-risk groups, improving access to healthcare, and increasing the uptake of secondary prophylaxis in those with a previous history of rheumatic fever.</p>","PeriodicalId":72221,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Ibadan postgraduate medicine","volume":"22 2","pages":"9-17"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11848369/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143506495","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"PERCEPTION AND ACCEPTABILITY OF INTEGRATION OF CERVICAL CANCER SCREENING INTO ANTENATAL AND POSTNATAL SERVICES IN A TERTIARY HOSPITAL IN NIGERIA.","authors":"A A Abdus-Salam, R A Abdus-Salam, R O Balogun","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Cervical cancer is preventable, but women in developing countries present in advanced stages of the disease, thus resulting in limited treatment options and high mortality rates. Routine maternal healthcare during pregnancy or puerperium presents a unique opportunity for its prevention, counselling and screening.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>To assess the acceptability and perception of integration of cervical cancer screening into routine antenatal (ANC) and postnatal care (PNC) services among pregnant and postpartum women.</p><p><strong>Methodology: </strong>This was a questionnaire-based cross-sectional study conducted among 220 consenting women among the ANC and PNC attendees at the University College Hospital, Ibadan. Information on socio-demographic characteristics, perception of routine screening in maternal health, acceptability; and the willingness to undergo screening test were obtained. Data was analyzed using SPSS version 26 and level of significance was p<0.05.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Majority were in the age range of 30-34 years. Only 11.4% and 4.5% of the participants had ever done a pap smear and HPV test respectively. About half (50.9%) of the women reported that they would not be willing to undergo screening during pregnancy with the commonest reason being fear of harm to the pregnancy. Over half (64.1%) of the participants were willing to have screening during the post-natal visit, while 58.6% of the participants wanted the screening to be part of the routine services offered at the ANC or PNC. Majority (69.5%) were willing to continue screening outside of pregnancy.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The practice of routine cervical cancer screening is low among women in developing countries. The ANC or PNC provides an opportunity for screening, early detection and prevention of cervical cancer.</p>","PeriodicalId":72221,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Ibadan postgraduate medicine","volume":"22 2","pages":"47-53"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11848362/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143506504","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A RARE PRESENTATION OF TWO COLORECTAL ANOMALIES: ANORECTALMALFORMATION CO-EXISTING WITH HIRSCHSPRUNG'S DISEASE IN IBADAN.","authors":"K I Egbuchulem, T A Lawal, O O Ogundoyin, D I Olulana, A O Takure, O T Ojediran, H D Ogundipe","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The association of Hirschsprung's disease with anorectal malformation (ARM) is both diagnostically and surgically challenging, in addition to it being a rarity. Symptoms attributable to post-repair of ARM may mask the underlying Hirschsprung's disease (HD) and become worse after closure of stoma. We aim to highlight this rare finding, the challenges associated with the management and the consequent multiple surgeries the patient underwent.</p><p><strong>Case presentation: </strong>We report the case of a seven-year-old boy who had a diverting Devine descending colostomy for high ARM and was followed up until he had a posterior sagittal anorectoplasty (PSARP). He thereafter re-presented with complaints of intermittent constipation which was not responsive to rectal washout necessitating a levelling colostomy and subsequently an abdominal Swenson's pull-through procedure. Postoperative period was complicated with a colo-urethral fistula (Urethroscopy findings https://youtu.be/lxzyp1uHFpE?feature=shared) necessitating multiple staged surgeries. He has been followed up in clinic for over one-year post-surgery with complaints relating to frequent bowel motion, passes well-formed stool about three times daily. We report a rare case of HD associated with ARM, highlighting the delay in diagnosis, the associated morbidities requiring multiple surgeries and the challenges encountered in the management of the patient.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Hirschsprung's disease in a patient with anorectal malformation is a very rare occurrence, which can be fraught with delayed diagnosis and consequences as a result of the previous anorectoplasty. There is need to have a high index of suspicion and we hope this report will help raise the awareness of this association.</p>","PeriodicalId":72221,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Ibadan postgraduate medicine","volume":"22 2","pages":"125-129"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11848358/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143506015","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"ACUTE KIDNEY INJURY PRECIPITATED BY HAFF DISEASE IN A 28-YEAR-OLD NIGERIAN MALE \"CASE REPORT\".","authors":"V Ogala-Akogwu, P Uduagbamen, H Galadanci, E Anteyi","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Haff disease is defined as unexplained rhabdomyolysis following ingestion of some sea fish and crayfish. First reported in 1926 from the Baltic region, its pathophysiologic mechanism is largely unknown, but toxins release have been implicated. Common features include generalized myalgia, brown/ dark urine, elevated serum creatine kinase and creatinine, kidney dysfunction can be severe enough to cause acute kidney injury (AKI). We present the case of a 28-year-old man who ate cooked freshwater fish and initially presented with diffuse myalgia, headache and brown-colored urine, and later fever and diarrhea. He had severely elevated serum creatine kinase and creatinine, and was managed as a case of Haff disease related AKI (HDRAKI) complicated by sepsis. He had haemodialysis and antibiotics, and recovered kidney function. A detailed history of recent diet and occupational exposure is essential in the diagnosis and management of HDR-AKI. Dialysis could be life-saving.</p>","PeriodicalId":72221,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Ibadan postgraduate medicine","volume":"22 2","pages":"137-140"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11848376/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143506458","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"NON-ALCOHOLIC FATTY LIVER DISEASE AND RELATIONSHIP WITH ADIPOSITY IN NIGERIAN PATIENTS WITH TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS: THE IBADAN EXPERIENCE.","authors":"C O Aransiola, W O Balogun","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD) is the commonest cause of chronic liver disease and is frequently found in patients with Type 2 diabetes (T2D). NAFLD is associated with excess adiposity and prevalence could vary by BMI sub-groups. There remain conflicting reports about the prevalence of NAFLD in T2D in Africa, particularly Nigeria. We studied the prevalence of NAFLD and its relationship to adiposity in a cohort of persons living with T2D.</p><p><strong>Methodology: </strong>A cross-sectional study of 147 consecutive T2D patients, attending the Diabetes Clinic, at the University College Hospital, Ibadan, was conducted over a period of two months. Clinical history and anthropometric indices were obtained; in addition, blood samples were taken and analyzed for FBS, HbA1c, Fasting Lipids Profile, HBsAg, Anti HCV, ALT, AST, ALP, GGT and albumin. Hepatic ultrasound was conducted by an experienced sonologist. Data were collected with the aid of a pre-tested semi-quantitative questionnaire and were analysed using the SPSS software 15.0 version.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Prevalence of NAFLD in persons living with T2D in 139 participants with complete data was 46% with a mean (SD) BMI of 27.4 (5.6). The participants with NAFLD had significantly excess adiposity, particularly the obese subgroup compared to those without [32 (50.0%) and 5 (6.7%), p = 0.001], respectively. Factors associated with NAFLD include female sex, older age, increased BMI, increased waist circumference, raised serum triglycerides, higher HbA1c levels, and raised alkaline phosphate levels. Sex, BMI, waist circumference and serum ALP were independently associated with NAFLD. Of notable interest is the raised serum ALP levels in subjects with NAFLD compared to those without NAFLD: mean (SD) = 30.6 (16.5) and 23.7 (15.3), respectively (p = 0.020).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>NAFLD is relatively common in patients living with type 2 diabetes and is associated with excess adiposity and increased alkaline phosphatase. Dietary and lifestyle changes can play a pivotal role in reducing prevalence of these diseases. Further, ALP could be a useful marker to assess the progression of NAFLD.</p>","PeriodicalId":72221,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Ibadan postgraduate medicine","volume":"22 2","pages":"74-80"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11848379/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143506502","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"SPECIALTY PREFERENCES AMONG UNDERGRADUATE DENTAL STUDENTS IN LAGOS STATE NIGERIA.","authors":"A O Awotile, L L Enone, C O Amadasun, F O Oburo, T O Adenuga-Taiwo, W Alakija","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>In choosing Dentistry as a field of study and specialization, adequate information as well as the passion for the provision of oral health services should be taken into consideration.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>To determine the recent trend in career choices, aspirations and the reasons for choice of area of specialization among dental students in Lagos State, Nigeria.</p><p><strong>Methodology: </strong>This was a cross sectional descriptive study that utilized a structured questionnaire to collect the demographic data, reasons for career choice, career aspirations, reasons for specialization, reasons for nonspecialization and practice preferences from dental students aged 18 to 32 years. The data was collected and analysed using SPSS version 23. Associations between categorical variables were assessed using Chi square and Fisher exact tests. P-value <0.05 was assumed to be significant at 95% CI.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 139 students (males 38.8%, females 61.2%) with a mean (SD) age of 23.04±2.6 years were involved in this study. Interest in Dentistry was the major reason (74.8%) for choosing the profession by the students and 2.2% of them chose Dentistry due to peer pressure influence. Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery was the specialty of choice (34.1%) followed by Orthodontics (18.7%) and Conservative Dentistry (12.1%) respectively. Dental Radiology (1.1%) was the least popular specialty. Slightly more than half of the students, 46(50.5%) intend to practice outside Nigeria.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Most of the students chose Dentistry based on their interest in the profession and about half of them intend to practice outside the country. The most sought after dental specialties were Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Orthodontics and Conservative Dentistry respectively.</p>","PeriodicalId":72221,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Ibadan postgraduate medicine","volume":"22 2","pages":"81-87"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11848366/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143506509","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}