Annals of Ibadan postgraduate medicine最新文献

{"title":"REFINED CARBOHYDRATE INTAKE AND KNOWLEDGE OF ORAL HEALTH AMONG STUDENTS IN PRIVATE AND PUBLIC SECONDARY SCHOOLS IN IBADAN, NIGERIA.","authors":"D Chukwuma, M Adetukasi, O Opeodu","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The knowledge of an individual about oral health and the practice of good oral hygiene will go a long way in determining the oral health status of such an individual. Frequent intake of refined carbohydrates, without optimum oral hygiene procedure, has been implicated in the aetiology of oral diseases such as dental caries and periodontitis. The aim of the study was to assess the oral health knowledge of some secondary school students in two LGAs in Ibadan, Oyo State.</p><p><strong>Methodology: </strong>This descriptive cross-sectional study was done using multistage sampling techniques and conducted across the classes in the selected senior secondary school. A pretested, self-administered, structured questionnaire with 12 items, adopted from Sternberg et al, was used for the data collection. A total of 248 participants consisting of 97 (39.1%) males and 151 (60.9) females completed and submitted the questionnaires. Data analysis was done using the statistical product and service solutions (SPSS 26.0).Statistical significance was set at p < 0.05.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Knowledge assessment of oral health education; 94.4% of the participants had good knowledge, while 5.6% of the participants had poor knowledge. More females (60.3%) than males (39.7%) had good knowledge of oral health. The age range of participants was from 11 to 19 years, with a mean (SD) -14.68 (±1.45). On the knowledge of oral health, 234(94.4%) of participants perceived excessive consumption of sweet food can cause dental caries; 9(3.6%) did not; and; 5(2.0%) undecided. On teeth brushing at least twice daily 238 (96.0%) participants agreed, and 6(2.4%) did not, and 4(1.6%) were undecided. Participants from public schools had a higher frequency of refined carbohydrate intake, with a low pattern of 9.2%, a moderate pattern of 52.7%, and a high pattern of 38.1%. The socio-demographic characteristics of the participants were not statistically significant against the pattern of intake of refined carbohydrates following bivariate analysis.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The supposedly good knowledge of oral health education of respondents in this study was not matched equally with a good pattern of refined carbohydrate intake. This calls for a concerted effort towards improving oral health campaigns among secondary school students.</p>","PeriodicalId":72221,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Ibadan postgraduate medicine","volume":"22 3","pages":"90-98"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12082676/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144096038","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"FULL-TERM PREGNANCY IN AN INCISIONAL HERNIA: AN UNCOMMON OCCURRENCE.","authors":"E Tagar, L A Ehiagwina, O E Oigbochie, A G Tagar","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Herniation of a full-term pregnancy is a rare event that poses risks for both mothers and babies. This condition can lead to lower uterine segment rupture and intrauterine foetal death.</p><p><strong>Case presentation: </strong>We present a case of an incisional hernia with a full-term pregnancy. Despite initial plans for elective surgery, she presented in labour, requiring emergency laparotomy, caesarean delivery, and simultaneous hernia repair with successful outcomes for both the mother and baby.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Emergency laparotomy with caesarean delivery and simultaneous hernia repair is a feasible option for a gravid patient with incisional hernia in labour.</p>","PeriodicalId":72221,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Ibadan postgraduate medicine","volume":"22 3","pages":"121-123"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12082669/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144096018","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"REDEFINING EXCELLENCE IN BIOMEDICAL RESEARCH: THE PLACE OF AIPM IN A 21ST CENTURY NIGERIAN TEACHING HOSPITAL.","authors":"D Chukwuma, H D Ogundipe, K I Egbuchulem","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":72221,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Ibadan postgraduate medicine","volume":"22 3","pages":"5-8"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12082674/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144096035","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"ASSESSING CATASTROPHIC HEALTHCARE EXPENDITURES IN THE EMERGENCY SURGICAL CARE OF CHILDREN WITH INTUSSUSCEPTION: INSIGHTS FROM A TERTIARY HOSPITAL IN NIGERIA.","authors":"I Chukwu, S Ekpemo, L Okonkwo, C Uchendu, C Isaac-Chukwu, U Ezomike","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Emergency and essential surgery should be affordable, accessible, and timely. However, this is not the narrative in our setting as patients present late with complications requiring operative treatment which has an attendant healthcare expenditure often tending towards household income depletion. This study assessed the proportion of patients who incurred catastrophic healthcare expenditures following operative treatment for intussusception in our facility. Catastrophic healthcare expenditure was defined as spending >10% of Gross Domestic Product per capita. Health care expenditures were reported in US dollars.</p><p><strong>Materials & methods: </strong>A prospective cohort study of children 15 years of age and younger who were operatively treated for intussusception at the Paediatric Surgery unit of Federal Medical Centre, Umuahia from January 2017 to December 2020.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Sixty-six (84.6%) out of the 78 children who presented with intussusception within the period had 72 laparotomies. Only 6.1% (4/66) of the patients were enrolled in the National Health Insurance Scheme. The insured patients presented earlier than the uninsured patients (median 4 versus 6 days, p=0.04). The median total health expenditure was $458 (Inter Quartile Range $372.4 ? $707.1) for the uninsured patients. The total health expenditure exceeded 10% of GDP per capita ($209.71) for all the uninsured patients but not for any of the insured patients, giving an overall catastrophic expenditure rate of 93.9% (62/66). The median daily health expenditure was about one-third of 10% of GDP per capita for those who were uninsured.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>All the uninsured patients experienced catastrophic health expenditures; with onset from the fourth day on admission. Financial risk protection by implementing payment strategies aimed at reducing user fees to non-catastrophe levels may help.</p>","PeriodicalId":72221,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Ibadan postgraduate medicine","volume":"22 3","pages":"9-15"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12082667/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144095992","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"CLINICO-HISTOPATHOLOGIC PRESENTATION OF A NIGERIAN CHILD WITH TORSION OF A TESTICULAR APPENDAGE: A CASE REPORT.","authors":"K I Egbuchulem, A A Ishola, C O Onwurah","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Torsion of hydatid of Morgagni (appendix testis) is one of the causes of acute scrotum. However, it can be distinguished from testicular torsion by its insidious onset and localizable tenderness. In addition, colour doppler ultrasonography has characteristic findings in torsion of hydatid of Morgagni. We present a case of torsion of hydatid of Morgagni which was of sudden onset, and had clinical features mimicking testicular torsion which warranted immediate scrotal exploration. Intra-operative finding was torsion of appendix testis as against the clinical presentation suggestive of testicular torsion. Acute scrotum being a time dependent emergency may not allow time for doppler ultrasonography which will differentiate torsion of appendix testis from testicular torsion thus preventing unnecessary scrotal exploration.</p>","PeriodicalId":72221,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Ibadan postgraduate medicine","volume":"22 3","pages":"127-129"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12082679/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144096004","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Erratum: RE: SPECIALTY PREFERENCES AMONG UNDERGRADUATE DENTAL STUDENTS IN LAGOS STATE NIGERIA.","authors":"","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>[This corrects the article PMChttps://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11848366.].</p>","PeriodicalId":72221,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Ibadan postgraduate medicine","volume":"22 3","pages":"141"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144096016","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"THE NATIONAL HEALTH INSURANCE AUTHORITY OF NIGERIA AND IMPLICATIONS FOR UNIVERSAL HEALTH COVERAGE.","authors":"D A Adewole","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The National Health Insurance Scheme (NHIS) of Nigeria was established in the year 2005. The overall objective of the scheme was to enhance access to quality healthcare for all and minimize catastrophic health expenditures. However, since inception, the population coverage has been less than ten percent of the total. Very recently, the National Health Insurance Authority (NHIA) of Nigeria was enacted, which concomitantly repealed the NHIS Act. This article examined the design of the NHIA and other factors outside of the scheme but in the health system of Nigeria, in comparison to similar schemes in other settings. Finally, the newly implemented NHIA and the gaps it seeks to fill were examined.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Relevant literature extracted from databases such as PubMed, Google Scholar, and the ordinary Google website was reviewed. Findings from these sources were triangulated and used to write the manuscript.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Compared with social health insurance schemes in other settings, the current population coverage under the NHIA of Nigeria is poor. Some of the factors that contributed to the poor performance of the NHIA were the features of the design of the scheme, which run contrary to the design of the majority of social health insurance schemes in other countries. In addition to this, the primary healthcare level that is most widespread in many countries and that was made use of as service providers in other social health insurance schemes was not made use of under the NHIA. In addition to these, and unlike in other settings, membership in the NHIA has been on a voluntary basis until very recently, when it was made mandatory.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Presently, population coverage under the NHIA is very poor. The informal sector, especially in rural settings, is mostly at a disadvantage. This is unlike in the majority of other countries, which encourage population coverage across both the formal and informal sectors. Stakeholders in the health insurance industry are encouraged to make the scheme mandatory and enforce it. The PHC facilities should also be engaged as service providers under the NHIA.</p>","PeriodicalId":72221,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Ibadan postgraduate medicine","volume":"22 3","pages":"107-111"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12082677/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144095975","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"MULTIPLE ORO-FACIAL COMPLICATIONS OF HERPES ZOSTER INFECTION IN AN ELDERLY: A CASE REPORT.","authors":"A A Salami, T O Mudasiru, I Joseph, E O Abe, A O Adisa","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Herpes zoster (HZ) is a viral disease with a global health burden which significantly impacts on the quality of life. HZ is caused by reactivation of the varicella-zoster virus and its complications are dependent on multiple factors like immune suppression, psychological stress, malnutrition, co-morbidities, duration of HZ infection and old age. Some of the complications include secondary bacterial infection, post-herpetic neuralgia, scarring, nerve palsy, and viral encephalitis. These complications could present as single or rarely as multiple entities in an individual.</p><p><strong>Materials & methods: </strong>We present a case of HZ infection affecting the mandibular division of trigeminal nerve in a 78-year-old widow. The patient presented with multiple complications including hyper- pigmented scarring, post herpetic neuralgia and chronic non-suppurative osteomyelitis of the left mandible. This case report highlights the presentation of multiple complications from HZ infection especially among the elderly.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Early diagnosis and prompt treatment of HZ infection are highly essential for reduced risk of complications.</p>","PeriodicalId":72221,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Ibadan postgraduate medicine","volume":"22 3","pages":"116-120"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12082681/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144096024","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"NUTCRACKER SYNDROME: A REPORT OF TWO CASES.","authors":"A A Adejumo, B E Osobu","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Nutcracker syndrome is a pathology that could pose a diagnostic conundrum to the physician as the patient could present with vague symptoms. This report brings to limelight the pathology of Nutcracker syndrome and the need for clinicians to consider this as a differential diagnosis when managing patients with non-specific abdominal pain.</p><p><strong>Case presentation: </strong>This is a case series report of two patients that presented at the emergency unit with acute exacerbation of insidious onset of upper abdominal pain. Radiological evaluation with computerized tomography proved the presence of this pathology in both patients with reduction in aortomesenteric angles and distances. The management of this clinical entity is largely conservative with surgical intervention rarely needed.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Radiological evaluation is the bedrock of diagnosis of Nutcracker syndrome. The clinician should endeavor to consider this as a differential diagnosis in patients with recurrent and undefined upper abdominal symptoms.</p>","PeriodicalId":72221,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Ibadan postgraduate medicine","volume":"22 3","pages":"124-126"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12082664/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144096027","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Erratum: RE: SPECIALTY PREFERENCES AMONG UNDERGRADUATE DENTAL STUDENTS IN LAGOS STATE NIGERIA.","authors":"","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>[This corrects the article on p. 81 in vol. 22 PMChttps://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/PMC11848366.].</p>","PeriodicalId":72221,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Ibadan postgraduate medicine","volume":"22 3","pages":"141"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12121497/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144182718","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}