Jarratt D. Pytell , Ximin Li , Carol Thompson , Catherine R. Lesko , Mary E. McCaul , Heidi Hutton , D. Scott Batey , Edward Cachay , Kenneth H. Mayer , Sonia Napravnik , Katerina Christopoulos , Cui Yang , Heidi M. Crane , Geetanjali Chander , Bryan Lau
{"title":"The temporal relationship of alcohol use and subsequent self-reported health status among people with HIV","authors":"Jarratt D. Pytell , Ximin Li , Carol Thompson , Catherine R. Lesko , Mary E. McCaul , Heidi Hutton , D. Scott Batey , Edward Cachay , Kenneth H. Mayer , Sonia Napravnik , Katerina Christopoulos , Cui Yang , Heidi M. Crane , Geetanjali Chander , Bryan Lau","doi":"10.1016/j.ajmo.2022.100020","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ajmo.2022.100020","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Alcohol use among people with HIV is associated with worse HIV treatment outcomes. Its impact on self-reported health status is unclear.</p></div><div><h3>Setting</h3><p>Longitudinal cohort of people with HIV engaged in care across 7 clinics participating in the Centers for AIDS Research Network of Integrated Care Systems between January 2011 and June 2014.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>A total of 5046 participants were studied. A quantile regression model estimated the association of alcohol use levels with subsequent self-reported health status score, accounting for multiple covariates including depressive symptoms. Women, men who have sex with women, and men who have sex with men were analyzed separately.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Prevalence of heavy alcohol use was 21%, 31%, and 37% among women, men who have sex with women, and men who have sex with men, respectively. Women with heavy alcohol use had a subsequently decreased median self-reported health status score compared to women with no or moderate alcohol use (odds ratio [OR]: 0.76; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.58–0.99); this association was not explained by the presence of depressive symptoms. There was no observed association of alcohol use level on subsequent self-reported health status among men who have sex with women. Men who have sex with men reporting no alcohol use had a subsequently decreased median self-reported health status compared to moderate alcohol use (OR: 0.88; 95% CI: 0.80-0.97).</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>Heavy alcohol use is associated with worsened self-reported health status at subsequent visits among women with HIV and not men with HIV.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":72168,"journal":{"name":"American journal of medicine open","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/41/cc/nihms-1906336.PMC10357948.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9857437","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Patients admitted on weekends have higher in-hospital mortality than those admitted on weekdays: Analysis of national inpatient sample","authors":"Augustine Manadan , Shilpa Arora , Millan Whittier , Ehizogie Edigin , Preeti Kansal","doi":"10.1016/j.ajmo.2022.100028","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ajmo.2022.100028","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><p>Since the 1999 Institute of Medicine report, hospitals have implemented a myriad of measures to protect patients from medical errors. At this point, looking beyond errors may bring additional safety benefits. This study aims to analyze predictors of in-hospital death regardless of underlying diagnoses in an effort to identify additional targets for improvement.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>We performed a retrospective study of hospitalizations from the 2016-2019 National Inpatient Sample (NIS) database. Logistic regression analyses were used to calculate adjusted odds ratios (OR) for variables associated with in-hospital death.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>There were 121,026,484 adult hospital discharges in the database. Multivariable analysis showed the following variables were associated with higher in-hospital death: Age (OR, 1.04), Charlson Comorbidity Index (OR, 1.23), male (OR, 1.16), income Q1 (OR, 1.12), income Q2 (OR, 1.07), west region (OR, 1.07), non-elective admission (OR, 2.01), urban hospital location (OR, 1.17), and weekend admission (OR, 1.14). Percentage of deaths for weekend versus weekday admissions was 2.7% versus 2.1%. Fewer procedures (ICD-10-PCS) were done in first 24 hours of weekend admissions when compared to weekday admissions (34.8% vs 46.8%; p<0.001). Only 524,295 in-hospital deaths were expected for weekend admissions but 673,085 were observed.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>Weekend hospital admissions were associated with higher adjusted mortality and a lower rate of procedures when compared to weekday admissions. Further studies should be done to further clarify and confirm if additional staffing and procedural availability on weekends could improve hospital outcomes.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":72168,"journal":{"name":"American journal of medicine open","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45485374","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Behavioral approaches to nutrition and eating patterns for managing type 2 diabetes: A review","authors":"Meg G. Salvia , Paula A. Quatromoni","doi":"10.1016/j.ajmo.2023.100034","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ajmo.2023.100034","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Nutritional interventions are a key component of type 2 diabetes management; making health-supporting changes in eating patterns can improve postprandial glycemic excursions and lower HbA1c to reduce diabetes-related morbidity and mortality. Research around implementing calorie-restricted and/or low-carbohydrate diets is plentiful, though the ability to sustain physiologic and behavioral changes for longer than 12 months is a concern. An understanding of intervention goals and adherence is needed to apply this research to patient care and translate expectations to real-world living contexts. Diverse dietary patterns including a Mediterranean eating pattern, vegetarian or plant-based eating pattern, or others that emphasize high-quality carbohydrates (e.g., whole grains), vegetables, whole fruits, legumes, and fish can support achievement of glycemic targets. Counseling strategies like motivational interviewing can be used to build eating competence. These approaches prioritize collaborative decision-making with the goal of increasing patient empowerment and self-efficacy. Strategies for incorporating these tools and frameworks in a clinical setting are highlighted. Providing ongoing diabetes and nutrition education, paired with appropriate support to address the challenges in implementing and sustaining behavior changes, is warranted. Further, social determinants of health including environmental context, education, socioeconomic status, access to healthcare, and experiences of systemic stigma (e.g., racism or weight bias) can interfere with individuals’ diabetes self-care and nutrition behaviors. Providing medical nutrition therapy and tailoring nutrition interventions to individual needs and circumstances can be an important way physicians, dietitians, and diabetes providers can support individuals with type 2 diabetes.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":72168,"journal":{"name":"American journal of medicine open","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48706416","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Camille Brod , Nicole Groth , Macaela Rudeck , Ramin Artang , Matthew Rioux , Catherine Benziger
{"title":"Oral anticoagulation use in non-valvular atrial fibrillation patients in rural setting","authors":"Camille Brod , Nicole Groth , Macaela Rudeck , Ramin Artang , Matthew Rioux , Catherine Benziger","doi":"10.1016/j.ajmo.2022.100026","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ajmo.2022.100026","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>The 2019 ACC/AHA/HRS guidelines established direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) as first line therapy over warfarin for non-valvular atrial fibrillation (AF).</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>Ambulatory clinic patients with non-valvular AF or atrial flutter seen between 10/1/2019-7/12/2020 included. High-risk AF defined as males CHA<sub>2</sub>DS<sub>2</sub>-VASc score ≥2 and females ≥3. Patients were separated into: warfarin, DOAC, or no oral anticoagulation (OAC). ATRIA bleed score calculated. A provider survey assessing knowledge and barriers to anticoagulation completed via REDCap between 3/5-4/16/2020.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Of 12,014 subjects with AF, 8,032 were high risk (mean age 75.9 ± 9.8 years; 57.5% male). There were 4,619 (57.1%) ≥ 75 years and 63.4% were rural dwelling. There was no significant difference between the number of subjects on anticoagulation before and after the guideline publication (75.6% vs. 75.7%, <em>p</em> = 0.79). Warfarin use decreased 2.3% over 1 year (39.3% to 37.0%), while DOACs increased 2.4% (36.2% to 38.7%, <em>p</em> < 0.001 for both). At 1-year, age, male gender, CHA<sub>2</sub>DS<sub>2</sub>-VASc score 4-6, hypertension, stroke and cardiology consult increased prescription of OAC (p<0.05). Vascular disease, high risk ATRIA bleed, renal disease, prior hemorrhage, and left atrial appendage occlusion were associated with decreased OAC use (<em>p</em> < 0.05). Left atrial appendage occlusion device use was low (<1%). In a survey, majority of providers noted bleeding risk (35.1%) and cost (25.0%) to be the biggest barriers to DOAC use.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>The new guidelines caused a slight increase in DOACs over time. Significant barriers to DOAC use exist in rural areas; one in four high risk AF patient remains without OAC therapy.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":72168,"journal":{"name":"American journal of medicine open","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46404797","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jessica El Halabi , Essa Hariri , Quinn R. Pack , Ning Guo , Pei-Chun Yu , Niti G. Patel , Peter B. Imrey , Michael B. Rothberg
{"title":"Differential impact of systolic and diastolic heart failure on in-hospital treatment, outcomes, and cost of patients admitted for pneumonia","authors":"Jessica El Halabi , Essa Hariri , Quinn R. Pack , Ning Guo , Pei-Chun Yu , Niti G. Patel , Peter B. Imrey , Michael B. Rothberg","doi":"10.1016/j.ajmo.2022.100025","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ajmo.2022.100025","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Patients admitted with pneumonia and heart failure (HF) have increased mortality and cost compared to those without HF, but it is not known whether outcomes differ between systolic and diastolic HF. Management of concomitant pneumonia and HF is complicated because HF treatments can worsen complications of pneumonia.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>This is a retrospective cohort study from the Premier Database among patients admitted with pneumonia between 2010 and 2015. Patients were categorized based on systolic, diastolic, and combined HF using ICD-9 codes. The primary outcome was in-hospital mortality. Secondary outcomes included use of HF medications, length of stay, cost, intensive care unit (ICU) admission, as well as use of invasive mechanical ventilation (IMV), vasopressors and inotropes. Multivariable logistic regression was used to describe associations of these outcomes with type of HF.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Of 123,211 patients with pneumonia and HF, 41,196 (33.4%) had systolic HF, 69,982 (56.8%) diastolic HF, and 12,033 (9.8%) had combined HF. Compared to patients with diastolic HF, after multivariable adjustment systolic HF was associated with higher in-hospital mortality (OR 1.15; 95% CI:1.11–1.20), ICU admission, and use of IMV and vasoactive agents, but not with increased length of stay or cost. Among patients with systolic HF, 80% received a loop diuretic, 72% a beta blocker, 48% angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor or angiotensin receptor blocker, and 12.5% a mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>Systolic HF is associated with added risk in pneumonia compared to diastolic HF. There may also be an opportunity to optimize medications in systolic HF prior to discharge.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":72168,"journal":{"name":"American journal of medicine open","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42136173","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Katherine Huerne , Kristian B. Filion , Roland Grad , Pierre Ernst , Andrea S. Gershon , Mark J. Eisenberg
{"title":"Epidemiological and clinical perspectives of long COVID syndrome","authors":"Katherine Huerne , Kristian B. Filion , Roland Grad , Pierre Ernst , Andrea S. Gershon , Mark J. Eisenberg","doi":"10.1016/j.ajmo.2023.100033","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ajmo.2023.100033","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Long COVID, or post-acute COVID-19 syndrome, is characterized by multi-organ symptoms lasting 2+ months after initial COVID-19 virus infection. This review presents the current state of evidence for long COVID syndrome, including the global public health context, incidence, prevalence, cardiopulmonary sequelae, physical and mental symptoms, recovery time, prognosis, risk factors, rehospitalization rates, and the impact of vaccination on long COVID outcomes. Results are presented by clinically relevant subgroups. Overall, 10–35% of COVID survivors develop long COVID, with common symptoms including fatigue, dyspnea, chest pain, cough, depression, anxiety, post-traumatic stress disorder, memory loss, and difficulty concentrating. Delineating these issues will be crucial to inform appropriate post-pandemic health policy and protect the health of COVID-19 survivors, including potentially vulnerable or underrepresented groups. Directed to policymakers, health practitioners, and the general public, we provide recommendations and suggest avenues for future research with the larger goal of reducing harms associated with long COVID syndrome.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":72168,"journal":{"name":"American journal of medicine open","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9846887/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9561738","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jessica Eloso , Asma Awad , Xinhua Zhao , Francesca E. Cunningham , Rongping Zhang , Diane Dong , Cathy Kelley , Peter A. Glassman , Sherrie L. Aspinall
{"title":"PCSK9 Inhibitor Use and Outcomes Using Concomitant Lipid-Lowering Therapies in the Veterans Health Administration","authors":"Jessica Eloso , Asma Awad , Xinhua Zhao , Francesca E. Cunningham , Rongping Zhang , Diane Dong , Cathy Kelley , Peter A. Glassman , Sherrie L. Aspinall","doi":"10.1016/j.ajmo.2023.100035","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajmo.2023.100035","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Real-world data on use of PCSK9 inhibitors (PCSK9-Is), with or without statins and/or ezetimibe, and associated outcomes, can inform more effective prescribing. The objective was to evaluate clinical effectiveness and safety of PCSK9-Is within the Veterans Health Administration (VHA).</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>In this retrospective cohort study, we included Veterans who had at least one outpatient prescription for alirocumab and/or evolocumab filled within VHA between August 21, 2015, and September 30, 2020. Analyses included 4 mutually exclusive subgroups: PCSK9-I alone, PCSK9-I+statin, PCSK9-I+ezetimibe, and PCSK9-I+statin+ezetimibe subgroups. Primary outcomes included medication possession ratio, persistence, and low-density lipoprotein (LDL).</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Among Veterans in the analytical cohort (<em>n</em> = 2428), 36.2% were on PCSK9-I monotherapy; 24.0% received a PCSK9-I+statin; 27.4% were on a PCSK9-I+ezetimibe; and 12.4% received triple therapy, that is, PCSK9-I+statin+ezetimibe. The mean medication possession ratio (standard deviation [SD]) for PCSK9-I monotherapy was 83.8% (13.3) compared to 84.3% (11.2) with PCSK9-I+statin therapy, 87.1% (10.1) with PCSK9-I+ezetimibe therapy, and 85.8% (11.7) with triple therapy. The percentage of patients who discontinued PCSK9-I in the monotherapy subgroup was 12.3% vs 9.5%, 6.6%, and 7.4% in the concomitant statin, ezetimibe, and triple-therapy subgroups, respectively (<em>p</em> = .002 among the groups). Mean LDL level was greater in the PCSK9-I monotherapy subgroup (85.6 mg/dL) compared with the concomitant statin (66.5 mg/dL), ezetimibe (65.7 mg/dL), and triple-therapy subgroups (68.1 mg/dL).</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>Veterans showed good adherence and/or persistence with PCSK9-I regimens. On average, those receiving concomitant therapy with a statin and/or ezetimibe achieved significantly lower LDL levels.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":72168,"journal":{"name":"American journal of medicine open","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49815544","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Concerns with the Usage of ChatGPT in Academia and Medicine: A Viewpoint","authors":"Muath Alser , Ethan Waisberg","doi":"10.1016/j.ajmo.2023.100036","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ajmo.2023.100036","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":72168,"journal":{"name":"American journal of medicine open","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42932904","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Beyond the EHR: How Digital Health Tools Foster Participatory Health and Self-Care for Patients with Diabetes","authors":"Daniel Z. Sands","doi":"10.1016/j.ajmo.2023.100043","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ajmo.2023.100043","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Just as physicians managing patients with diabetes find that it is a data-driven process, for patients living with diabetes, it is even more so, as physicians see them every few months, but patients need to live with diabetes all the time. Fortunately, the advent of the web has allowed patients to connect with information, medical care, and other patients, while mobile and connected technologies such as smartphones have provided the flexibility to do this—and to manage and share their health information—from anywhere. Healthcare professionals who care for patients with diabetes should be aware of the digital health technologies that enable patients to better care for themselves, be more active participants in their healthcare, and improve the quality of their lives.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":72168,"journal":{"name":"American journal of medicine open","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44128327","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}