Advances in pediatric research最新文献

{"title":"Environmental pollution and the development of congenital heart disease: A scoping review","authors":"D. Ngwezi, L. Hornberger, Álvaro R. Osornio-Vargas","doi":"10.24105/APR.2018.5.17","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24105/APR.2018.5.17","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Congenital heart disease (CHD) is the most common congenital anomaly in infancy affecting 1% of all live births worldwide of which the etiology in most affected children is unknown. The role of environmental pollutants from various sources is increasingly gaining attention. To explore the existing breadth of knowledge on this topic, we undertook a scoping review of studies examining the role of environmental pollution in relation to the development of CHD. Methods: We searched various databases for studies reporting CHD and exposures to chemicals using Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) and non-MeSH including criteria pollutants (e.g. CO, SO2 NO2), occupational, non-occupational, industrial chemicals and emissions reported in pollutant release and transfer registries (PRTR) from 1980 to 2018. Results: We identified 70 studies that were grouped into the categories of outdoor industrial chemical pollution; urban air pollution; occupational; and non-occupational exposures. There were no marked differences in proportions of studies in the first three categories, which ranged between 29-33%. Non-occupational exposures accounted for 7% of the studies. Proximity to industrial facilities and hazardous waste sites was associated with CHD in a modest number of studies that used PRTR. Urban criteria pollutants were consistently associated with CHD. Maternal occupational exposures were more commonly studied compared to paternal exposures and organic solvents were associated with CHD in these studies. There were limited studies that examined non-occupational and multipollutant exposures. Conclusion: We identified associations between various chemicals and CHD, employing diverse methods of exposure assessment. Most studies examined single pollutant exposures and have demonstrated inconclusive findings. Future studies should examine multiple pollutant exposures and CHD. In addition to monitored data, exploratory studies could exploit PRTR in countries where such registries exist. Furthermore, multicenter studies that examine larger populations of affected patients could facilitate the discovery of the relationship between specific chemicals and CHD subtypes.","PeriodicalId":72104,"journal":{"name":"Advances in pediatric research","volume":"1 1","pages":"1-11"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69015514","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Convention on the rights of the child: Academic exercise or prescription for a better world?","authors":"G. Katzman","doi":"10.24105/APR.2018.5.10","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24105/APR.2018.5.10","url":null,"abstract":"The provisions of the United Nations’ Convention on the Rights of the Child (CRC) provide direction for the improved health and welfare of children worldwide. Unfortunately, progress on the agreed upon requirements for promotion of the optimal physical and psychosocial development of children has not been apparent in many countries. There is no time like the present for professionals, supported by their governments, to work closely with the CRC oversight committee to achieve the goals of the CRC.","PeriodicalId":72104,"journal":{"name":"Advances in pediatric research","volume":"05 1","pages":"1-2"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69014948","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Abuse in children: Indicator of failure in relationship?","authors":"S. Bittmann","doi":"10.24105/apr.2018.5.16","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24105/apr.2018.5.16","url":null,"abstract":"Child abuse is defined as not by chance and repeating physical or psychological impairment of a child due to action or omission. Physical, psychological (emotional) and sexual abuse of children will be described. The cause is most often the parents, sometimes brothers and sisters, relatives or familial supervisors. The right of the child to live, the development and the promotion will be impaired. Physical abuse is defined as action or omission to injure the child. Physical abuse is also found in families, where violence is used to be a basic element of child education.","PeriodicalId":72104,"journal":{"name":"Advances in pediatric research","volume":"1 1","pages":"1-2"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69015445","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"“The origin of Alice in Wonderland Syndrome: Charles Dodgson and his attraction to small children”","authors":"S. Bittmann","doi":"10.24105/APR.2019.5.24","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24105/APR.2019.5.24","url":null,"abstract":"1864, Lewis Carroll wrote the novel of Alice in Wonderland “Alice`s Adventures under Ground”. Lewis Carroll was the pseudonym of the researcher Charles Lutwidge Dodgson. His fondness for small children led to the writing of “Alice`s Adventures in Wonderland”, which was published in 1865, a story beginning with rowing Lorina, Alice and Edith, the three small daughters of the College Dean H.G. Liddell, through the Thames for a picnic near the city of Binsey. Charles Dodgson had a fable for small children and painted them nakely. Dodgson spent special attention to small children with paintings and photographs. Charles Dodgson wrote diary about the experience with the three daughters, especially Alice, unfortunately diaries between 18.4.1858 till 8.5.1862 were missing. These parts of the diary were never found.","PeriodicalId":72104,"journal":{"name":"Advances in pediatric research","volume":"5 1","pages":"1-2"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69016086","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Molecular analysis of endotracheal tube biofilms and tracheal aspirates in the pediatric intensive care unit.","authors":"Matthew K Leroue, J Kirk Harris, Katherine M Burgess, Mark J Stevens, Joshua I Miller, Marci K Sontag, Yamila L Sierra, Brandie D Wagner, Peter M Mourani","doi":"10.12715/apr.2017.4.14","DOIUrl":"10.12715/apr.2017.4.14","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) is a known complication of mechanically ventilated children in the pediatric intensive care unit (PICU). Endotracheal tube (ETT) biofilms are often implicated in the development of VAP by providing a conduit for pathogens to the lower respiratory tract.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A prospective cohort study from April 2010-March 2011 of children 4 weeks to 18 years of age ventilated for greater than 72 hours to determine the microbiota of ETT biofilms and tracheal aspirates.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Thirty-three patients were included with a mean age of 6.1 years (SD ± 5.1 years) and average length of intubation of 8.8 days (SD ± 5.0 days). Bacterial communities from tracheal aspirates and the proximal and distal ends of ETTs were determined using 16S rRNA gene libraries. Statistical analysis utilized two-part statistics and the Wilcoxon signed rank sum test for comparison of bacterial communities. Sequencing revealed a predominance of oropharyngeal microbiota including <i>Prevotella</i> and <i>Streptococcus</i> spp. Pathogenic bacterial genera including <i>Staphylococcus, Burkholderia, Moraxella,</i> and <i>Haemophilus</i> were also represented. Bacterial load was greatest at the proximal aspect of the ETT. Duration of intubation did not significantly impact bacterial load. Morisita Horn analysis across sites showed similar communities in 24/33 (72%) of patients.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>ETT biofilms and tracheal aspirates of intubated patients in the PICU primarily consisted of oropharyngeal microbiota, but had a significant representation of potentially pathogenic genera. While the majority of patients had similar microbiota when comparing their ETT biofilms and tracheal aspirates, a subset of patients showed a divergence between communities that requires further investigation.</p>","PeriodicalId":72104,"journal":{"name":"Advances in pediatric research","volume":"4 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6023549/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"36276016","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Rapidly progressive fatal respiratory failure by humanmetapneumovirus infection in a 2-year-old girl and review of theliterature","authors":"Yumie Tamura, Saori Amano, Kazuaki Matsumoto, Hisae Nakatani, Miho Ashiarai, Keiko Onda, M. Okada, M. Imai, Natsuko Suzuki, A. Oshiba, M. Nagasawa","doi":"10.12715/apr.2017.4.11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12715/apr.2017.4.11","url":null,"abstract":"Human metapneumovirus (hMPV) was discovered in 2001 and it is one of the common viruses that cause respiratory infection in infants, which is usually self-limiting in nature. We report a 2-year-old girl with hMPV infection, who was dead of respiratory failure in a rapidly progressive clinical course. We discuss about the clinical and biological features of hMPV infection with a review of the literature.","PeriodicalId":72104,"journal":{"name":"Advances in pediatric research","volume":"4 1","pages":"1-4"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66239792","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A systematic review of childhood obesity in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region: Health impact and management.","authors":"Nesrine S Farrag, Lawrence J Cheskin, Mohamed K Farag","doi":"10.12715/apr.2017.4.6","DOIUrl":"10.12715/apr.2017.4.6","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Childhood obesity has serious consequences both immediately and in adulthood. The rates of obesity in children and adolescents are rising rapidly in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region. We systematically searched the literature to explore adverse effects associated with childhood obesity in this region and the management efforts for dealing with it. Inclusion criteria were: English-language, non-basic-science focused articles that used any of the standard obesity definitions and were conducted in the MENA countries within the last five years. We searched PubMed using combinations of key terms ((childhood) OR adolescence) AND obesity) AND (MENA or each country) AND (\"last five years\" [PDat]). Studies that examined adverse effects of childhood obesity gave fairly consistent results, revealing associations with higher blood pressure, pre-diabetes, metabolic abnormalities, and cardiovascular risk. Little or no overall effect on rates of childhood obesity has yet been demonstrated by interventions used to manage the problem. Obesity has a considerable impact on the health of children and adolescents, and the countries of the MENA region should endorse strategies and programs to prevent and manage this problem in an effective way.</p>","PeriodicalId":72104,"journal":{"name":"Advances in pediatric research","volume":"4 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5667657/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"35576956","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Congenital cytomegalovirus infection presenting with intrapulmonarycalcifications on prenatal sonogram","authors":"Prem Fort, Millie R. Chang, S. Boppana, R. Davis, J. Owen, W. Carlo","doi":"10.12715/APR.2017.4.12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12715/APR.2017.4.12","url":null,"abstract":"Cytomegalovirus (CMV) is the most common congenital viral infection in developed countries. Although pneumonitis has been reported in infants with congenital CMV infection, involvement of the lung parenchyma is less common in congenital than in perinatal CMV infections. We report an infant with congenital cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection and multiple intrapulmonary calcifications on prenatal sonogram that had congenital pneumonia and persistent oxygen requirement after birth. To our knowledge, this is the first case report of a live-born infant with pulmonary calcifications due to CMV noted on prenatal sonograms.","PeriodicalId":72104,"journal":{"name":"Advances in pediatric research","volume":"4 1","pages":"1-4"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66239851","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A systematic review of childhood obesity in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region: Prevalence and risk factors meta-analysis.","authors":"Nesrine S Farrag, Lawrence J Cheskin, Mohamed K Farag","doi":"10.12715/apr.2017.4.8","DOIUrl":"10.12715/apr.2017.4.8","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Obesity rates are rising globally, but there is evidence that young people in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region are at particularly high risk. We systematically searched the literature to map the MENA region for prevalence of childhood overweight and obesity, and examine the underlying risk factors and adverse effects associated with obesity in this region. Inclusion criteria were: English-language, non-basic-science focused articles that used any of the standard obesity definitions and were conducted in the MENA countries within the last five years. We searched PubMed using combinations of key terms ((childhood) OR adolescence) AND obesity) AND (MENA or each country) AND (\"last five years\" [PDat]). Studies demonstrated an increasing prevalence of obesity among many countries in the MENA region, especially in the Gulf area. Notably, in Kuwait, prevalence rates of overweight and obesity were 25.6% and 34.8% among young males and 20.8% and 20.5% among females. A meta-analysis revealed that physical inactivity, increased screen time, and higher social status were risk factors for childhood obesity. Childhood and adolescent obesity is a major challenge facing countries of the MENA region. Further research is needed to fully investigate the role of nutrition and other specific risk factors and evaluate various interventions to manage this pervasive and growing health problem.</p>","PeriodicalId":72104,"journal":{"name":"Advances in pediatric research","volume":"4 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5773115/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"35753700","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Transfusion-related acute lung injury (TRALI) after pediatric cardiac surgery: A case report","authors":"J. C. Junior, F. Caino, W. B. Carvalho","doi":"10.12715/APR.2017.4.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12715/APR.2017.4.1","url":null,"abstract":"Transfusion-related acute lung injury (TRALI), acute respiratory distress with noncardiogenic pulmonary edema that occurs within six hours of transfusion, is the leading cause of transfusion-related deaths. However, there is no reliable literature regarding the incidence of TRALI in the pediatric population. We report a case study of a 3-year-old boy presenting with TRALI syndrome four hours after heart surgery for atrial septal defect (ASD) closure for which he received the transfusion of red blood cells and fresh frozen plasma. We report this case with the aim that doctors become aware of the signs of TRALI to enable early intervention and the development of preventive measures.","PeriodicalId":72104,"journal":{"name":"Advances in pediatric research","volume":"4 1","pages":"1-4"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66240103","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}