Advances and technical standards in neurosurgery最新文献_第7页

Focal Spinal Nondisjunctional Disorders: Including a Discussion on the Embryogenesis of Cranial Focal Nondisjunctional Lesions. 局灶性脊髓非断开性疾病:包括对颅内局灶性非断开性病变的胚胎发生的讨论。

Advances and technical standards in neurosurgery Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-34981-2_4

Sui-To Wong, Dachling Pang

引用次数: 0

Optic Pathway Gliomas: The Trends of Basic Research to Reduce the Impact of the Disease on Visual Function. 光路胶质瘤：减少疾病对视觉功能影响的基础研究趋势。

Advances and technical standards in neurosurgery Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-36785-4_6

Federico Bianchi, Federico Maria Cocilovo, Antonio Ruggiero, Gianpiero Tamburrini

{"title":"Optic Pathway Gliomas: The Trends of Basic Research to Reduce the Impact of the Disease on Visual Function.","authors":"Federico Bianchi, Federico Maria Cocilovo, Antonio Ruggiero, Gianpiero Tamburrini","doi":"10.1007/978-3-031-36785-4_6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-36785-4_6","url":null,"abstract":"Pediatric optic pathway gliomas (OPG) are low-grade brain tumors characterized by slow progression and invalidating visual loss. Common therapeutic strategies include surgery, radiotherapy, chemotherapy, and combinations of these modalities, but despite the different treatment strategies, no actual treatment exists to prevent or revert visual impairment. Nowadays, several reports of the literature show promising results regarding NGF eye drop instillation and improvement of visual outcome. Such results seem to be related with the NGF-linked prevention in caspase activation, which reduces retinal ganglion cell loss.Reducing retinal ganglion cell loss results clinically in visual field improvement as well as visual electric potential and optical coherence tomography gain. Nonetheless, visual acuity fails to show significant changes.Visual impairment represents nowadays one of the major issues in dealing with OPGs. Secondary to the interesting results offered by NGF eye drop administration, further studies are warranted to better comprehend potential treatment strategies.","PeriodicalId":72077,"journal":{"name":"Advances and technical standards in neurosurgery","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41124242","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The World Health Organization Classification of Tumors of the Central Nervous System, Fifth Edition, 2021: A Critical Analysis. 世界卫生组织中枢神经系统肿瘤分类，第五版，2021:关键分析。

Advances and technical standards in neurosurgery Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-28202-7_1

Douglas C Miller

引用次数: 1

Intracranial Tumors in the First Year of Life. 颅内肿瘤在生命的第一年。

Advances and technical standards in neurosurgery Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-28202-7_2

José Francisco M Salomão, Tatiana Protzenko

{"title":"Intracranial Tumors in the First Year of Life.","authors":"José Francisco M Salomão, Tatiana Protzenko","doi":"10.1007/978-3-031-28202-7_2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-28202-7_2","url":null,"abstract":"Intracranial tumors in the first year of life are rare and, in this age group, are the second most common type of pediatric cancer after leukemias. As the more common solid tumor in neonates and infants, they present some peculiarities such as the high incidence of malignancies. Routine ultrasonography made easier to detect intrauterine tumors, but diagnosis can be delayed due to the lack or scarcity of recognizable symptoms. These neoplasms are often very large and highly vascular. Their removal is challenging, and there is a higher rate of morbidity and mortality than seen in older children, adolescents, and adults. They also differ from older children with respect to location, histological features, clinical behavior, and management. Pediatric low-grade gliomas represent 30% of the tumors in this age group and comprise circumscribed and diffuse tumors. They are followed by medulloblastoma and ependymoma. Other non-medulloblastoma embryonal neoplasms, former known as PNETS, are also commonly diagnosed in neonates and infants. Teratomas have an expressive incidence in newborns but decline gradually until the end of the first year of life. Immunohistochemical, molecular, and genomic advances are impacting the understanding and targeting of the treatment of some tumors, but, despite all these advances, the extent of resection remains the most important factor in the prognosis and survival of almost all types of tumors. The outcome is difficult to estimate, and 5-year survival ranges from one-quarter to three-quarters of the patients.","PeriodicalId":72077,"journal":{"name":"Advances and technical standards in neurosurgery","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10009937","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Evolution of Making Clinical Predictions in Neurosurgery. 神经外科临床预测的发展。

Advances and technical standards in neurosurgery Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-28202-7_6

Hendrik-Jan Mijderwijk

{"title":"Evolution of Making Clinical Predictions in Neurosurgery.","authors":"Hendrik-Jan Mijderwijk","doi":"10.1007/978-3-031-28202-7_6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-28202-7_6","url":null,"abstract":"Prediction of clinical outcomes is an essential task for every physician. Physicians may base their clinical prediction of an individual patient on their intuition and on scientific material such as studies presenting population risks and studies reporting on risk factors (prognostic factors). A relatively new and more informative approach for making clinical predictions relies on the use of statistical models that simultaneously consider multiple predictors that provide an estimate of the patient's absolute risk of an outcome. There is a growing body of literature in the neurosurgical field reporting on clinical prediction models. These tools have high potential in supporting (not replacing) neurosurgeons with their prediction of a patient's outcome. If used sensibly, these tools pave the way for more informed decision-making with or for individual patients. Patients and their significant others want to know their risk of the anticipated outcome, how it is derived, and the uncertainty associated with it. Learning from these prediction models and communicating the output to others has become an increasingly important skill neurosurgeons have to master. This article describes the evolution of making clinical predictions in neurosurgery, synopsizes key phases for the generation of a useful clinical prediction model, and addresses some considerations when deploying and communicating the results of a prediction model. The paper is illustrated with multiple examples from the neurosurgical literature, including predicting arachnoid cyst rupture, predicting rebleeding in patients suffering from aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage, and predicting survival in glioblastoma patients.","PeriodicalId":72077,"journal":{"name":"Advances and technical standards in neurosurgery","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9707887","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Secondary Neurulation Defect: Terminal Myelocystocele, a Biological Leviathan. 继发性神经缺损:终末髓囊性膨出，生物利维坦。

Advances and technical standards in neurosurgery Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-34981-2_8

Ji Yeoun Lee, Kyu-Chang Wang, Dachling Pang

引用次数: 0

Vascular Malformations of the Spinal Cord in Children. 儿童脊髓血管畸形。

Advances and technical standards in neurosurgery Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-36785-4_15

Feng Ling, Gao Zeng, Yutong Liu

引用次数: 0

Chiari Malformation Type 1 in Adults. 成人1型Chiari畸形。

Advances and technical standards in neurosurgery Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-28202-7_8

Athanasios Zisakis, Rosa Sun, Joshua Pepper, Georgios Tsermoulas

{"title":"Chiari Malformation Type 1 in Adults.","authors":"Athanasios Zisakis, Rosa Sun, Joshua Pepper, Georgios Tsermoulas","doi":"10.1007/978-3-031-28202-7_8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-28202-7_8","url":null,"abstract":"The term Chiari malformation refers to a heterogeneous group of anatomical abnormalities at the craniovertebral junction. Chiari malformation type 1 (CM1) refers to the abnormal protrusion of cerebellar tonsils through the foramen magnum and is by far the commonest type. Its prevalence is estimated approximately 1%; it is more common in women and is associated with syringomyelia in 25-70% of cases. The prevalent pathophysiological theory proposes a morphological mismatch between a small posterior cranial fossa and a normally developed hindbrain that results in ectopia of the tonsils.In most people, CM1 is asymptomatic and diagnosed incidentally. In symptomatic cases, headache is the cardinal symptom. The typical headache is induced by Valsalva-like maneuvers. Many of the other symptoms are nonspecific, and in the absence of syringomyelia, the natural history is benign. Syringomyelia manifests with spinal cord dysfunction of varying severity. The approach to patients with CM1 should be multidisciplinary, and the first step in the management is phenotyping the symptoms, because they may be due to other pathologies, like a primary headache syndrome. Magnetic resonance imaging, which shows cerebellar tonsillar decent 5 mm or more below the foramen magnum, is the gold standard investigative modality. The diagnostic workup may include dynamic imaging of the craniocervical junction and intracranial pressure monitoring.The management of CM1 is variable and sometimes controversial. Surgery is usually reserved for patients with disabling headaches or neurological deficits from the syrinx. Surgical decompression of the craniocervical junction is the most widely used procedure. Several surgical techniques have been proposed, but there is no consensus on the best treatment strategy, mainly due to lack of high-quality evidence. The management of the condition during pregnancy, restriction to lifestyle related to athletic activities, and the coexistence of hypermobility require special considerations.","PeriodicalId":72077,"journal":{"name":"Advances and technical standards in neurosurgery","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10009938","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Gastrulation and Split Cord Malformation. 原肠胚形成和裂索畸形。

Advances and technical standards in neurosurgery Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-34981-2_1

Zubair Tahir, Claudia Craven

引用次数: 0

Updates on Intraoperative Neurophysiology During Surgery for Spinal Dysraphism. 脊柱异常症术中神经生理学的最新进展。

Advances and technical standards in neurosurgery Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-34981-2_9

Claudia Pasquali, Federica Basaldella, Francesco Sala

引用次数: 0