Advances and technical standards in neurosurgery最新文献

{"title":"Serum Biomarkers in Paediatric Neurosurgery: Traumatic Brain Injury and Beyond.","authors":"Benjamin J Hall, Simon Abrams, Michael J Griffiths, Kristian Aquilina, Conor Mallucci","doi":"10.1007/978-3-032-22008-0_2","DOIUrl":"10.1007/978-3-032-22008-0_2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>As the leading cause of disability and death in children, paediatric traumatic brain injury (pTBI) is a clinical concern that impacts children on a global scale [1]. The incidence of TBI varies dramatically both between and within countries, ranging between 47 and 280 per 100,000 children, and is generally more common in males [1]. All ages are affected by TBI throughout childhood, though typically two peaks during infancy (0-2 years) and adolescence (15-18 years) are the most common intervals [1]. Mild TBIs (mTBIs) are the most frequently diagnosed, accounting for between 75 and 90% of cases, with a vast majority demonstrating no pertinent radiological findings and discharged home without follow-up.</p>","PeriodicalId":72077,"journal":{"name":"Advances and technical standards in neurosurgery","volume":"56 ","pages":"9-25"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148378392","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"3D-Printing in Neurosurgical Training: Hands-On Practice, Patient-Specific Planning and Simulation.","authors":"Giselle Coelho, William David Freeman","doi":"10.1007/978-3-032-22008-0_16","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-032-22008-0_16","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Training in neurosurgery is increasingly challenged by the complexity of cranial anatomy, the rarity of certain pathologies, ethical constraints on cadaveric dissection, and limited operative exposure. Advances in three-dimensional (3D) printing have enabled the development of patient-specific anatomical models derived from computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging, offering realistic, reproducible platforms for surgical training and preoperative planning. This chapter reviews contemporary applications of 3D-printed, hybrid, and multimodal simulation models in neurosurgical education, with particular emphasis on complex craniofacial and encephalocele procedures. Through illustrative case reports-including frontoethmoidal and transsphenoidal meningoencephaloceles, metopic craniosynostosis, and late encephalocele correction-the chapter demonstrates how multimaterial 3D-printing, hybrid silicone-resin constructs, and integration with augmented and mixed reality can enhance spatial understanding, tactile feedback, and procedural rehearsal. Evidence from these cases indicates that patient-specific simulation can alter surgical strategy, reduce operative time and blood loss, and improve multidisciplinary communication. Educational benefits extend beyond surgeons to trainees and allied health professionals, supporting structured skill acquisition and competency-based assessment. The chapter also discusses the relevance of low-cost 3D-printing solutions for low- and middle-income countries, highlighting open-source software and affordable fabrication techniques as tools to reduce global disparities in neurosurgical care. Limitations related to cost, material fidelity, imaging quality, and technical expertise are addressed, alongside future directions for research and curriculum integration. Overall, 3D-printed and hybrid simulation models represent a transformative approach to neurosurgical training and patient-specific surgical planning, with significant implications for education, safety, and global health equity.</p>","PeriodicalId":72077,"journal":{"name":"Advances and technical standards in neurosurgery","volume":"56 ","pages":"357-376"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148378264","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Controversies in Treatment Methodologies in Cerebrovascular Surgery.","authors":"Ahmed Ansari, Alberto Feletti, Yoko Kato","doi":"10.1007/978-3-032-22008-0_5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-032-22008-0_5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Cerebrovascular surgery has shifted a lot from the microsurgical aspects to the endovascular surgeries in nearly most of the cases. However, there are still some major controversies when one sees the long-term follow-up of microsurgical and endovascular procedures.MC aneurysms, PICA VA junction and PICA aneurysms, IC aneurysms with good cross flow (trapping), revascularisation surgery, dural AVF (coagulation or coiling), ICH evacuation timing, and recent changes in mechanical thrombectomy timing are a few of these examples. This chapter will comprehensively aim to provide an outlook on the best possible modality in these controversial aspects of cerebrovascular surgery.</p>","PeriodicalId":72077,"journal":{"name":"Advances and technical standards in neurosurgery","volume":"56 ","pages":"81-105"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148378364","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pineal Cysts: Clinical Insights and Management Strategies.","authors":"Camilla de Laurentis, Arielle Lekane, Alexandru Szathmari, Matthieu Vinchon, Pierre-Aurélien Beuriat, Carmine Mottolese, Federico Di Rocco","doi":"10.1007/978-3-032-18608-9_14","DOIUrl":"10.1007/978-3-032-18608-9_14","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This chapter provides a comprehensive exploration of pineal cysts, covering their clinical significance, diagnostic approaches, and management strategies. By integrating current research findings with clinical expertise, the chapter aims to offer valuable insights for healthcare professionals involved in the care of patients with pineal cysts.</p>","PeriodicalId":72077,"journal":{"name":"Advances and technical standards in neurosurgery","volume":"54 ","pages":"249-262"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147876959","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Indications and Limits of Endoscopic Endonasal Approaches in Pediatric Neurosurgery.","authors":"José Hinojosa Mena-Bernal, María Victoria Becerra Castro, Mariana Alamar Abril, Diego Culebras Palao, Carlos Justo Valencia Calderón, Paula Casano Sancho, Cristóbal Langdon Montero","doi":"10.1007/978-3-032-22008-0_11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-032-22008-0_11","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Endoscopic endonasal approaches (EEAs) are a safe and effective method for treating skull base lesions, including those in the sellar and parasellar areas. Pioneered initially for the treatment of skull base pathology in adults, these approaches have shown clear advantages including cost-effectiveness, limited blood loss, and improved visualization allowing for a better plane of dissection and clearing anatomical landmarks. However, in younger patients, this approach could be limited due to their developing anatomy, small anatomical corridors, or peculiarities of specific lesions which could not be amenable for a simple approach.The width of the piriform aperture, sphenoid bone pneumatization, and intercarotid distances at different coronal planes should all be considered during preoperative evaluation of pediatric patients for EEAs. EEAs below the age of 2 years at parasellar ICA level and below 4 years at paraclinoid ICA level should deserve particular attention. As children grow, the progressive pneumatization of paranasal sinuses expands the anatomy of these corridors and it is generally assumed that anatomical factors would not restrict an endoscopic transsphenoidal approach in children older than 5 years of age.The pediatric population offers unique challenges because of the smaller working spaces and the smaller size of the skull base involved.</p>","PeriodicalId":72077,"journal":{"name":"Advances and technical standards in neurosurgery","volume":"56 ","pages":"241-267"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148378351","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Preoperative Assessments for Selective Dorsal Rhizotomy.","authors":"Olivia Shien Hui Lee","doi":"10.1007/978-3-031-86441-4_7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-86441-4_7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Selective dorsal rhizotomy (SDR) in cerebral palsy care aims to improve gait and function in ambulatory children and enhance comfort in nonambulatory children. This assessment and planning process for SDR requires a multidisciplinary team to work closely with patients and families to weigh the benefits and risks of SDR. Preoperative assessments allow the clinical team to select suitable candidates, set realistic goals, and optimise outcomes. These evaluations include physical measures, assessment of gross motor function and functional daily living skills, and gait analysis to better quantify the impact of spasticity in the SDR candidate. Further orthopaedic evaluations are required to identify pain and musculoskeletal issues, guiding subsequent post-SDR interventions. Additionally, assessments of quality-of-life assessments ensure a comprehensive rehabilitation plan that includes psychosocial support. This chapter discusses the comprehensive preoperative rehabilitation assessments that assist clinicians and families in making shared decisions about SDR.</p>","PeriodicalId":72077,"journal":{"name":"Advances and technical standards in neurosurgery","volume":"51 ","pages":"81-96"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144188591","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Endoscopic Strip Craniectomy for the Treatment of Single Suture Craniosynostosis.","authors":"Katherine Holste, John Lynes, Suresh N Magge","doi":"10.1007/978-3-031-90762-3_12","DOIUrl":"10.1007/978-3-031-90762-3_12","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The treatment of craniosynostosis has evolved significantly over the past few decades. While open calvarial vault reconstruction remains a good treatment option, minimally invasive techniques have been shown to yield excellent results in children treated at a young age. This chapter details the use of endoscopic strip craniectomy with postoperative helmet therapy. This surgical option relies on early release of the fused suture to allow the child's own brain growth, plus use of a cranial molding helmet, to allow for correction of head shape. This chapter details the technique used to correct sagittal, metopic, and unicoronal craniosynostosis. Compared to open surgery, studies have shown that endoscopic surgery has comparable aesthetic outcomes and improved perioperative outcomes, such as blood loss, rate of blood transfusion, and time of surgery. This chapter reviews the techniques, aesthetic outcomes, cognitive outcomes, and advances in our knowledge of the genetics of craniosynostosis.</p>","PeriodicalId":72077,"journal":{"name":"Advances and technical standards in neurosurgery","volume":"55 ","pages":"209-229"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144555985","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Blake Pouch: It Is Time to Revisit Classical Descriptions on the Development of the Roof of the Fourth Ventricle.","authors":"Martin Catala","doi":"10.1007/978-3-031-90762-3_1","DOIUrl":"10.1007/978-3-031-90762-3_1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Cystic anomalies of the posterior fossa constitute an important chapter of the malformations of this region. Their interpretation is largely based on the existence of a pouch described by Joseph Blake in 1900. We have reviewed the ancient literature on which this description is based. All human data were obtained from only three fetuses. The histological and embryological analysis of these observations leads us to remain very cautious as to their significance. Indeed, this region of the posterior fossa is very fragile and subject to numerous technical artifacts. In addition, errors in fetal age lead us to believe that one of the observations cannot be used. It is therefore appropriate to be very careful when using this old literature. All these elements justify the need to revisit this problem in order to determine the normal development of this region in humans.</p>","PeriodicalId":72077,"journal":{"name":"Advances and technical standards in neurosurgery","volume":"55 ","pages":"1-16"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144555912","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Patient Selection in Selective Dorsal Rhizotomy (SDR).","authors":"Benjamin J Hall, Conor S Gillespie, Christine Sneade, Deborah Quirk, Dawn Hennigan, Benedetta Pettorini","doi":"10.1007/978-3-031-86441-4_16","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-86441-4_16","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>For almost as long as selective dorsal rhizotomy (SDR) has existed, there has been debate surrounding which patients should be eligible to undergo the procedure. The selection criteria used to identify suitable surgical candidates have remained largely unchanged for the last three decades, despite the popularity and use of the procedure increasing. Historically, those aged between 3 and 9 years, those of GMFCS level 2 or 3, and those without evidence of dystonia were considered for SDR. In recent years, as the procedure has continued to develop, however, these parameters are expanding, with evidence to suggest a much broader cohort of patients may benefit from SDR than once thought. This chapter seeks to review current practice in patient selection for SDR, as well as the potential directions that this controversial discussion may move towards in the future.</p>","PeriodicalId":72077,"journal":{"name":"Advances and technical standards in neurosurgery","volume":"51 ","pages":"225-237"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144188589","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Rhizotomy Surgery at the Conus Medullaris.","authors":"Kevin Paul Ferraris, Ash Singhal","doi":"10.1007/978-3-031-86441-4_8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-86441-4_8","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Selective dorsal rhizotomy (SDR) has been an important surgical treatment for spasticity for decades. Broadly, there are two surgical technique options-via a multilevel laminotomy/laminectomy or via a single-level laminectomy and conus approach. This latter approach is described in detail in this chapter, with discussion of patient selection and a focus on surgical techniques including the integration of electromyography (EMG).</p>","PeriodicalId":72077,"journal":{"name":"Advances and technical standards in neurosurgery","volume":"51 ","pages":"99-112"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144188592","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}