Acta virologica最新文献_第10页

Conserved broad HIV-1 Gag-specific responses associated with low viral load and high CD4+ T cell nadir and preserved HAART regimen. 保守的广泛HIV-1 gag特异性反应与低病毒载量和高CD4+ T细胞最低点和保留的HAART方案相关。

IF 1.7 4区医学

Acta virologica Pub Date : 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.4149/av_2021_311

Luciano Rodrigo Lopes, Jorge Simão do Rosário Casseb, Alberto José da Silva Duarte

{"title":"Conserved broad HIV-1 Gag-specific responses associated with low viral load and high CD4+ T cell nadir and preserved HAART regimen.","authors":"Luciano Rodrigo Lopes, Jorge Simão do Rosário Casseb, Alberto José da Silva Duarte","doi":"10.4149/av_2021_311","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4149/av_2021_311","url":null,"abstract":"Broad human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) Gag-specific cellular responses can control viremia and provide slow progression to Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). In this study, we evaluate multiple HIV-1 Gag-specific lymphoproliferative responses and find their connection with cluster of differentiation 4 (CD4)+ T cell count and viral load from chronically HIV-1-infected patients. We further search for the correlation between multiple Gag-specific lymphoproliferative responses and changes in highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) regimen. We found correlation between Gag-specific responses and higher CD4+ T cells nadir and low HIV-1 viral load. Additionally, we observed that HIV-1-infected subjects did not need to change HAART regimen, when multiple Gag responses are present. We concluded that the start of HAART when CD4+ T cell nadir is the highest as possible may promote Gag-specific cellular responses conservation. Multiple Gag responses must be important to suppress HIV-1 replication. Preserved Gag-specific responses reduce HIV-1 viral load and are associated with stability of HAART regimen. Keywords: HIV-1; Gag; lymphoproliferation; viral load; HAART.","PeriodicalId":7205,"journal":{"name":"Acta virologica","volume":"65 3","pages":"324-329"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39450092","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Detection and molecular characterization of a highly oncogenic Marek's disease virus from vaccinated hens in Turkey. 从土耳其接种疫苗的母鸡中检测出一种高致癌性马立克病病毒及其分子特征。

IF 1.7 4区医学

Acta virologica Pub Date : 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.4149/av_2021_212

Hasan Abayli, Burak Karabulut, Remziye Ozbek, Hasan Ongor, Necati Timurkaan, Sukru Tonbak

{"title":"Detection and molecular characterization of a highly oncogenic Marek's disease virus from vaccinated hens in Turkey.","authors":"Hasan Abayli, Burak Karabulut, Remziye Ozbek, Hasan Ongor, Necati Timurkaan, Sukru Tonbak","doi":"10.4149/av_2021_212","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4149/av_2021_212","url":null,"abstract":"Marek's disease (MD) is a highly contagious neoplastic disease of chickens associated with economic losses, often due to visceral lymphomas. The etiological agent is MD virus serotype 1 (MDV-1), also called Gallid alphaherpesvirus 2 (GaHV-2). Despite intensive vaccination, MDV is constantly evolving and maintaining its presence in the world. The aim of this study was to genetically analyze a highly oncogenic MDV/Tur/2019 strain obtained from a poultry farm in Turkey's Elazig province in 2019. Genes associated with viral pathogenicity and oncogenicity Marek's EcoRI-Q-encoded protein (MEQ), phosphoprotein-38 (pp38), and viral interleukin 8 (vIL-8) were selected for this purpose. The vIL-8 nucleotide sequence showed high similarity (100% identity) to some European (EU-1, Polen 5) and Asian (03 India, GADVASU-M2) MDV strains. The pp38 nucleotide sequence showed high similarity (100% identity) to some American (CU-2, JM/102W, RB1B) and European (MD70/13, ATE2539) MDV strains. There were no disrupted four-proline molecules (PPPP) within the transactivation domain of the MEQ. However, according to phylogenetic results, the MDV/Tur/2019 strain was included in cluster 2a alongside European MDV strains (Polish, Hungarian, Italian) with very virulent and very virulent plus pathotypes. In conclusion, we believe that the MDV/Tur/2019 strain obtained from turkey herpesvirus (HVT)-vaccinated chickens has a very virulent or very virulent plus pathotype. Although this result provides some clues regarding the virulence of this strain, in vivo studies are needed to achieve exact pathotyping. Further, combination of HVT with the CVI988 strain should be used for vaccination to provide the best protection, as highly pathogenic MDV strains can break sterile immunity against the HVT vaccine. Keywords: GaHV-2; Marek's disease; oncogenes; Turkey.","PeriodicalId":7205,"journal":{"name":"Acta virologica","volume":"65 2","pages":"212-220"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39235267","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 4

Changes in the co-expressions of interleukin 29 (IL-29), IFN-inducible protein 10 (IP-10) and monokine induced by IFNγ (MIG) genes in chronic hepatitis C Egyptian patients untreated and treated with DAAs. 未经和经DAAs治疗的埃及慢性丙型肝炎患者中白细胞介素29 (IL-29)、ifn诱导蛋白10 (IP-10)和IFNγ (MIG)基因诱导的单因子共表达的变化

IF 1.7 4区医学

Acta virologica Pub Date : 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.4149/av_2021_209

Ahmed Gaballah, Iman Salah Naga, Mariam Salah Zaghloul, Hanan Mostafa Mostafa, Ahmed Noby

{"title":"Changes in the co-expressions of interleukin 29 (IL-29), IFN-inducible protein 10 (IP-10) and monokine induced by IFNγ (MIG) genes in chronic hepatitis C Egyptian patients untreated and treated with DAAs.","authors":"Ahmed Gaballah, Iman Salah Naga, Mariam Salah Zaghloul, Hanan Mostafa Mostafa, Ahmed Noby","doi":"10.4149/av_2021_209","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4149/av_2021_209","url":null,"abstract":"Direct acting antiviral agents (DAAs) are a group of antiviral drugs that inhibit specific non-structural proteins of the virus and disrupt viral replication and infection. DAAs regimens for hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection provide a particular event to tackle mechanistic intracellular relationships between the innate immunity and HCV, potentially providing perceptions about the rate of the viral replication and complex decay. Interleukin 29 (IL-29) prevents the replication of HCV. IFN-inducible protein 10 (IP-10) plays a significant role in the pathogenesis of HCV infection. MIG/CXCL9 are produced by inﬂammatory and stromal cells such as hepatocytes following either stimulation by interferon lambda (IFNγ) or viral infection. This study aimed to evaluate the co-expression of IL-29, IP-10 and MIG in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from untreated and treated chronic HCV patients with DAAs. This study included group of twenty naïve HCV patients, group of twenty sustained viral response (SVR) patients and a control group that consisted of 10 healthy subjects. All subjects were tested for liver enzymes, serum albumin level, total serum bilirubin, platelet count, prothrombin activity and viral load. Relative gene expression of IL-29, IP-10, and MIG in PBMCs from all subjects was determined using real time PCR. The mean value of IL-29, IP-10 and MIG gene expression significantly increased in both naïve HCV and SVR groups of patients as compared to normal subjects. The corresponding value was significantly lower in patients with SVR compared to naïve HCV patients. Infection with HCV significantly trigged the co-expression of IL-29, IP-10, and CXCL9 (MIG) genes in PBMCs of chronic hepatitis C patients and significantly down-regulated in those who achieved SVR after successful DAAs therapy. Keywords: IP10; MIG; IL29; HCV; DAAs; gene expression.","PeriodicalId":7205,"journal":{"name":"Acta virologica","volume":"65 2","pages":"141-148"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39234217","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Isolation, identification and chemical inactivation of infectious laryngotracheitis virus for use as a vaccine candidate. 传染性喉气管炎候选疫苗病毒的分离、鉴定和化学灭活。

IF 1.7 4区医学

Acta virologica Pub Date : 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.4149/av_2021_101

Mohammad Majid Ebrahimi, Shahla Shahsavandi, Ali Reza Yousefi, Nikdokht Ebrahimi

{"title":"Isolation, identification and chemical inactivation of infectious laryngotracheitis virus for use as a vaccine candidate.","authors":"Mohammad Majid Ebrahimi, Shahla Shahsavandi, Ali Reza Yousefi, Nikdokht Ebrahimi","doi":"10.4149/av_2021_101","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4149/av_2021_101","url":null,"abstract":"Infectious laryngotracheitis (ILT) is a poultry respiratory disease associated with considerable mortality in chicken and decreasing egg production. Vaccination along with biosecurity measures are considered as the main strategy for ILT control. This study was aimed to evaluate the potency of an inactive ILT vaccine candidate derived from a local ILTV isolate. The isolated virus was characterized and treated with various chemicals and their concentrations. The virus infectivity was entirely abolished by treatment of 3 mM binary ethylene imine following 16 h incubation. The immune response of inactivated ILTV suspension with adjuvans was evaluated in both SPF chickens (experiment-I) and Hyline pullets (experiment-II). Efficacy of the inactivated and live ILT vaccines combination was compared. The results of experiment-I showed that the inactivated antigen induced specific antibody titers against ILTV. In experiment-II, despite the increase in serum antibody level administration of the inactivated antigen alone did not offer sufficient protection. The full protection was found in chickens that received the combination regimen. We conclude that simultaneous administration of the inactivated and live ILT vaccines was efficient for induction of immunity against ILTV. Keywords: infectious laryngotracheitis virus; vaccine; inactivation; immune response.","PeriodicalId":7205,"journal":{"name":"Acta virologica","volume":"65 1","pages":"33-41"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38538747","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Ebola virus disease: Current perception of clinical features, diagnosis, pathogenesis, and therapeutics. 埃博拉病毒病:目前对临床特征、诊断、发病机制和治疗方法的认识。

IF 1.7 4区医学

Acta virologica Pub Date : 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.4149/av_2021_409

Ruqaiyyah Siddiqui, Simal Khan, Naveed Ahmed Khan

{"title":"Ebola virus disease: Current perception of clinical features, diagnosis, pathogenesis, and therapeutics.","authors":"Ruqaiyyah Siddiqui, Simal Khan, Naveed Ahmed Khan","doi":"10.4149/av_2021_409","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4149/av_2021_409","url":null,"abstract":"Zoonotic transmission of highly pathogenic viruses, are a cause of deadly epidemics around the globe. These are of particular concern as evident from the recent global pandemic due to Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). The genus Ebolavirus belongs to the Filoviridae family and its members are known to cause the Ebola virus disease (EVD), a highly contagious disease with a mortality rate of approximately 90%. The similarity of the clinical symptoms to those of various tropical ailments poses a high risk of misdiagnosis. Diagnostic strategies currently utilized include real time reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction, amongst others. No specific treatment exists at present, and the management of patients is aimed at the treatment of complications augmented with supportive clinical care. The recent outbreak of EVD in West Africa, which began in 2014, led to accelerated development of vaccines and treatment. In this review, we contemplate the origin of the ebolaviruses, discuss the clinical aspects and treatment of the disease, depict the current diagnostic strategies of the virus, as well discuss its pathogenesis. Keywords: Ebolavirus; viral origin; treatment; pathogenicity of Ebola; Ebola virus disease.","PeriodicalId":7205,"journal":{"name":"Acta virologica","volume":"65 4","pages":"350-364"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39657896","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

T cell responses in symptomatic moderate patients with pandemic 2009 H1N1 influenza A virus infection. 2009年甲型H1N1流感大流行病毒感染有症状的中度患者的T细胞反应

IF 1.7 4区医学

Acta virologica Pub Date : 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.4149/av_2021_301

Dimpu Gogoi, Dipankar Biswas, Biswajyoti Borkakoty, Mousumi Dutta

{"title":"T cell responses in symptomatic moderate patients with pandemic 2009 H1N1 influenza A virus infection.","authors":"Dimpu Gogoi, Dipankar Biswas, Biswajyoti Borkakoty, Mousumi Dutta","doi":"10.4149/av_2021_301","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4149/av_2021_301","url":null,"abstract":"The response of the host immune system should be appropriate to fight against pandemic 2009 H1N1 (pH1N1) influenza A virus without causing damage to its self. T cells play an indispensable role in the fight against the virus, but have the potential to cause host immunopathological changes. A better understanding of the immunoregulation that occurs during pH1N1 infection is necessary for preventing severity of the disease. In this study, we found that a significantly higher percentage of Vδ1+ T cells and increased expression of activation markers in total T cells in patients with moderate pH1N1 infection could lead to its efficient fight against the virus. On the other hand, the percentages of total and CD4+ T cells were decreased along with an increased expression of exhaustion marker-Tim-3 on T cells that might suppress excessive T cell responses in the host. This tuning of T cell responses might be necessary in efficient combat against pH1N1 virus, without aggravating T cell mediated immunopathology in patients with moderate pH1N1-infection. Keywords: pH1N1; T cells; activation; exhaustion; Tim-3.","PeriodicalId":7205,"journal":{"name":"Acta virologica","volume":"65 3","pages":"245-253"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39449176","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Development and evaluation of multi-epitope protein p72 (MeP72) for the serodiagnosis of African swine fever. 非洲猪瘟多表位蛋白p72 (MeP72)血清诊断的研制与评价。

IF 1.7 4区医学

Acta virologica Pub Date : 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.4149/av_2021_304

Xingxing Zhang, Jing Guo, Lixia Wang, Zhiyuan Li, Yucheng Liu, Lulu Tian, Chencheng Xiao, Yanfang Li, Xuepeng Cai, Qingling Meng, Jun Qiao

{"title":"Development and evaluation of multi-epitope protein p72 (MeP72) for the serodiagnosis of African swine fever.","authors":"Xingxing Zhang, Jing Guo, Lixia Wang, Zhiyuan Li, Yucheng Liu, Lulu Tian, Chencheng Xiao, Yanfang Li, Xuepeng Cai, Qingling Meng, Jun Qiao","doi":"10.4149/av_2021_304","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4149/av_2021_304","url":null,"abstract":"African swine fever (ASF) is an acute and severe infectious disease that seriously endangers the global porcine industry. In order to develop ASF serodiagnostic reagents with high specificity and sensitivity, in the present study, the antigenic epitopes of P72 protein of African swine fever virus (ASFV) were analyzed, and the ASFV multi-epitope fusion gene MeP72 in tandem with the dominant linear epitopes was constructed. The recombinant multi-epitope fusion MeP72 (reMeP72) was prepared in Escherichia coli. A colloidal gold-based immunochromatographic assay (CGIA) based on reMeP72 was developed for the detection of antibodies against ASFV. A total of 139 pig clinical serum samples were used for assessment of the potential diagnostic value of reMeP72. The results showed that CGIA did not cross-react with positive sera of viruses, such as classical swine fever virus (CSFV), porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2), pseudorabies virus (PRV), porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) and swine influenza virus (SIV), showing high specificity. Sensitivity analysis showed that CGIA could detect ASFV-positive serum at a dilution of 1:64. Compared with commercial ASFV kits, the sensitivity and specificity of ASFV CGIA based on reMeP72 protein were 85.7% and 97.6%, respectively. The agreement rate of the two methods was 96.4%, showing a good detection performance. The results indicated that the reMeP72 was of potential value for the serodiagnosis of ASF. Keywords: African swine fever virus; P72 gene; antigenic protein; colloidal gold-based immunochromatographic assay.","PeriodicalId":7205,"journal":{"name":"Acta virologica","volume":"65 3","pages":"273-278"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39449179","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 2

Scavenger receptor class B type I is more conducive for genotype 1b hepatitis C virus internalization than low-density lipoprotein receptor. 乙型ⅰ型清道夫受体比低密度脂蛋白受体更有利于基因1b型丙型肝炎病毒的内化。

IF 1.7 4区医学

Acta virologica Pub Date : 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.4149/av_2021_307

Xiangyi Cao, Qiong Kang, Jiang Deng, Jun Xiao, Yanyu Zhang, Ping Ma, Xiaoang Yang, Liping Lv

{"title":"Scavenger receptor class B type I is more conducive for genotype 1b hepatitis C virus internalization than low-density lipoprotein receptor.","authors":"Xiangyi Cao, Qiong Kang, Jiang Deng, Jun Xiao, Yanyu Zhang, Ping Ma, Xiaoang Yang, Liping Lv","doi":"10.4149/av_2021_307","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4149/av_2021_307","url":null,"abstract":"The current limited understanding of HCV entry mechanisms hinders the development of specific antiviral drug screening techniques and vaccine assessment. HCV subtypes and cellular surface proteins both can affect virus tropism. Human factors such as low-density lipoprotein receptor (hLDLR), CD81 (hCD81), scavenger receptor class B type I (hSR-BI), claudin 1 (hCLDN1), and occludin (hOCLN) assist HCV entry into hepatocytes. Here, we studied the importance of five human proteins in the process of cell culture-derived (HCVcc) and serum-derived (HCV-sd) HCV entry using constructed humanized mouse hepatocytes and mouse models. We determined that unlike hLDLR, hSR-BI was an indispensable factor for 1b genotype HCV adsorption. Furthermore, this attachment can be completely prevented by treatment with a monoclonal antibody targeting hSR-BI. Our data support the idea that SR-BI is an essential factor in HCV infection, particularly during the initial HCV particle-binding step. This novel finding will facilitate the development of antiviral drugs and vaccines. Keywords: hepatitis C virus; virus internalization; model construction; hSR-BI.","PeriodicalId":7205,"journal":{"name":"Acta virologica","volume":"65 3","pages":"279-287"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39449180","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Relational interaction between T-lymphocytes and SARS-CoV-2: A review. t淋巴细胞与SARS-CoV-2相互作用的研究进展

IF 1.7 4区医学

Acta virologica Pub Date : 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.4149/av_2021_202

Ashwini Rameshrao Chaple, Mayur M Vispute, Sonalika Mahajan, Saima Mushtaq, Dhanavelu Muthuchelvan, Muthannan Andavar Ramakrishnan, Gaurav Kumar Sharma

{"title":"Relational interaction between T-lymphocytes and SARS-CoV-2: A review.","authors":"Ashwini Rameshrao Chaple, Mayur M Vispute, Sonalika Mahajan, Saima Mushtaq, Dhanavelu Muthuchelvan, Muthannan Andavar Ramakrishnan, Gaurav Kumar Sharma","doi":"10.4149/av_2021_202","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4149/av_2021_202","url":null,"abstract":"Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has turned out as one of the worst medical and economic misfortunes across the globe. The etiological agent, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is a member of the Coronaviridae family and represents a disease manifestation from asymptomatic to severe respiratory damage. High transmissibility and contagious nature of the virus helps it to flourish in a large population. The immune system aids to retain the virus, but with accelerated cytokine secretion, it could transform into double edge sword resulting in unrestrained systemic inflammation which might become life-threatening. SARS-CoV-2 sets substantial impact on T-lymphocytes during its course of infection. The number of CD4+ T, CD8+ T, and Treg cells tend to decrease profoundly in case of severe illness. Besides, the virus modulates the CD4+ T/ CD8+ T and Treg/Th17 cells ratio and induces the functional exhaustion of T cells to make them inefficient. T cells define the pathogenesis of severe cases and provide major contributions in antiviral defense. Therefore, the apprehension of T-lymphocytes in SARS-CoV-2 infection would implicate in developing antivirals, disease control, and would broaden the way for vaccine formulation. Thus, the review depicts the significance of T-lymphocytes interaction with SARS-CoV-2. Keywords: SARS-CoV-2; COVID-19; T-lymphocytes; cytokine; inflammation; immune response.","PeriodicalId":7205,"journal":{"name":"Acta virologica","volume":"65 2","pages":"107-114"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39234214","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 3

Anti-biofilm activity of bacteriophages and lysins in chronic rhinosinusitis. 慢性鼻窦炎中噬菌体和溶素的抗生物膜活性。

IF 1.7 4区医学

Acta virologica Pub Date : 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.4149/av_2021_203

Marzanna Łusiak-Szelachowska, Beata Weber-Dąbrowska, Maciej Żaczek, Andrzej Górski

{"title":"Anti-biofilm activity of bacteriophages and lysins in chronic rhinosinusitis.","authors":"Marzanna Łusiak-Szelachowska, Beata Weber-Dąbrowska, Maciej Żaczek, Andrzej Górski","doi":"10.4149/av_2021_203","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4149/av_2021_203","url":null,"abstract":"Chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) is an otolaryngological disease with a recalcitrant nature, predominantly due to antibiotic resistant bacteria and the biofilm formation. The intracellular residency of Staphylococcus aureus bacteria was observed in CRS. The overall prevalence of CRS is estimated between 5-15% in the human population, and biofilms were formed in sinuses in 40-80% of cases. The bacterial species S. aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa are known to form difficult to treat biofilms in CRS. Bacteriophages (phages) or lysins can be alternatives to antibiotics in the biofilm treatment. The application of a P. aeruginosa phage cocktail ex vivo decreased biofilm biomass of bacterial isolates from the sinuses of CRS patients by a median of 70%. Further, animal studies performed on a sheep sinusitis model demonstrated significant reduction in S. aureus and P. aeruginosa biofilm biomass by phage cocktails while maintaining safe prolonged topical application (up to 20 days). Staphylococcal lysin P128 used at a concentration of ≥12.5 µg/ml in vitro against the biofilm of methicillin sensitive S. aureus (MSSA) and methicillin resistant S. aureus (MRSA) isolates from the sinuses of CRS patients demonstrated a significant reduction of the biofilm (up to 95.5%). Staphylococcal lysin CHAP(k) applied in vivo in mice nasal infection caused a significant 2 log reduction of S. aureus suggesting its potential use against bacteria in nasal mucosa. Furthermore, a beneficial effect of phage therapy in the treatment of chronic sinusitis in humans was observed. Here, we summarize the recent, quite scarce data regarding phage application in chronic rhinosinusitis and look further into this phenomenon. Keywords: bacteriophages; biofilm; chronic rhinosinusitis; lysins; phage therapy.","PeriodicalId":7205,"journal":{"name":"Acta virologica","volume":"65 2","pages":"127-140"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39234216","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 4