Acta Veterinaria Scandinavica最新文献

{"title":"Mycoplasma hyosynoviae-associated arthritis in finisher pigs showing signs of lameness in Southwestern Norway.","authors":"Marit Gaastra Maaland, Borghild Njaerheim Barstad, Marianne Oropeza-Moe","doi":"10.1186/s13028-025-00851-4","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s13028-025-00851-4","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":7181,"journal":{"name":"Acta Veterinaria Scandinavica","volume":" ","pages":"9"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2026-01-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12870410/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145916501","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Maintaining animal-source food production in conflict zones: lessons from Ukraine.","authors":"Natalia Mammadova, Pavlo Levchenko, Hedvig Gröndal, Susanna Sternberg Lewerin, Elisabeth Rajala","doi":"10.1186/s13028-025-00850-5","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s13028-025-00850-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The deteriorating security situation in Europe's immediate neighbourhood has underscored the importance of safeguarding food systems during conflict. Animal-sourced foods are essential for human nutrition and play a critical role in maintaining national resilience, yet their production becomes highly vulnerable in wartime. This study explores the resilience of Ukrainian animal-sourced food systems following the 2022 Russian invasion, focusing on the perspectives of farmers and veterinarians.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Through 18 in-depth interviews with farmers and veterinarians across occupied and non-occupied regions, the study examines perceived challenges, adaptive strategies, and preparedness levels. Respondents reported severe disruptions, especially in occupied areas, including breakdowns in feed supply chains, delivery of medicines and other essential logistics, prolonged power cuts, reduced livestock production, livestock losses, and staff shortages. Adaptation strategies ranged from diversification to increased self-sufficiency, though outcomes varied widely. The absence of crisis preparedness plans led to improvised responses in the early stages of the conflict. Interviewees highlighted key factors for strengthening livestock and food system resilience during crises, emphasizing human resources, technical preparedness, and contingency planning.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The findings of this study highlight the importance of preparatory planning, resource reserves, skilled personnel, and support networks. The experiences of Ukrainian farmers and veterinarians provide important insights into how agricultural systems can become more adaptive and responsive during future crises, emphasizing the need for flexibility, preparedness, and community collaboration. However, further research encompassing a wider geographic scope and a broader range of stakeholders is needed to validate these findings.</p>","PeriodicalId":7181,"journal":{"name":"Acta Veterinaria Scandinavica","volume":" ","pages":"4"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2026-01-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12829245/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145916532","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Diagnosis and surgical management of an acquired cervical tracheoesophageal fistula in a Shih Tzu following foreign body removal.","authors":"Hannelore De Porte, Bart Van Goethem","doi":"10.1186/s13028-025-00842-5","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s13028-025-00842-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Esophagorespiratory fistulae are rare pathological communications between the esophagus and the respiratory tract. While acquired bronchoesophageal fistulae have been sporadically documented in dogs, tracheoesophageal fistulae, particularly in the cervical region, are exceptionally rare. This case report is the first to describe an acquired cervical tracheoesophageal fistula in a dog following esophageal foreign body retention. The case highlights the clinical course, diagnostic challenges, and successful surgical management, expanding the current understanding of this uncommon condition in veterinary medicine.</p><p><strong>Case presentation: </strong>A 6.5-year-old male Shih Tzu was referred for persistent hyporexia, vomiting, and moist cough following endoscopic removal of a bone lodged at the thoracic inlet. Despite medical management for esophagitis and aspiration pneumonia, the dog exhibited progressive respiratory signs and recurrent pneumonia. An esophagorespiratory fistula was suspected based on the ability to provoke coughing by liquid ingestion and tracheal palpation. Endoscopic examination confirmed a defect in the esophageal wall with direct communication to the tracheal lumen, consistent with a cervical tracheoesophageal fistula. Surgical repair was performed via a cervical ventral midline approach, involving separate closure of the tracheal and esophageal defects and reinforcement using a bipedicle sternohyoid muscle flap. Recovery was uneventful, and the dog remains asymptomatic at 12-month follow-up.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This case underscores the importance of considering a tracheoesophageal fistula in dogs presenting with persistent or recurrent gastrorespiratory signs following esophageal foreign body removal. Diagnosis can be challenging due to the rarity of the condition and its non-specific clinical presentation. Endoscopy proved to be a safe and effective diagnostic tool and avoided the risk of aspiration associated with contrast studies. The surgical technique, including muscle flap interposition, mirrors approaches used in human medicine, where similar strategies are applied to prevent recurrence. Comparative insights with human cases highlight the translational value of interspecies knowledge, especially in understanding pathogenesis, refining diagnostics, and optimizing treatment. Continued reporting and awareness of tracheoesophageal fistula in veterinary patients are essential to improve outcomes and explore minimally invasive alternatives.</p>","PeriodicalId":7181,"journal":{"name":"Acta Veterinaria Scandinavica","volume":" ","pages":"56"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-12-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12752219/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145751410","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A review of sperm cryopreservation in the domestic dog and cat-part II, freezing epididymal spermatozoa, why is it different from ejaculated spermatozoa?","authors":"Eva Axnér","doi":"10.1186/s13028-025-00846-1","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s13028-025-00846-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>If a male dies suddenly or requires castration, it may still be possible to produce offspring through artificial insemination (AI) by cryopreserving spermatozoa retrieved from the epididymis. Spermatozoa differ in maturation status along the epididymal duct, and only motile spermatozoa that have acquired fertilizing capacity are suitable for AI. Such spermatozoa can be collected from the terminal epididymal segment, located in the cauda epididymidis in the dog, and in both the corpus and cauda in the cat. Unlike ejaculated spermatozoa, epididymal spermatozoa have not been exposed to seminal plasma and therefore display distinct functional and structural characteristics. The method of sperm collection may also affect the sperm quality. While epididymal mincing results in the highest sperm numbers, it is associated with contamination of blood and epididymal tissue. Although numerous studies have reported successful cryopreservation of epididymal spermatozoa in dogs and cats, reports of live offspring following AI with frozen-thawed epididymal spermatozoa remain scarce. This review summarizes the physiological, anatomical, and functional distinctions between epididymal and ejaculated spermatozoa, emphasizing their implications for cryopreservation strategies and fertility outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":7181,"journal":{"name":"Acta Veterinaria Scandinavica","volume":"67 1","pages":"55"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-12-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12699902/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145740543","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A review of sperm cryopreservation in the domestic dog and cat: part I, from science to clinic.","authors":"Eva Axnér","doi":"10.1186/s13028-025-00845-2","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s13028-025-00845-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Semen cryopreservation is widely applied in the breeding of several domestic animal species. In the domestic dog, artificial insemination with cryopreserved semen is now routinely performed, whereas in the domestic cat the technique is more challenging. Achieving acceptable pregnancy rates requires high post-thaw semen quality. Unfortunately, sperm cells are susceptible to damage caused by temperature reduction. At temperatures below - 130 °C harmful reactions that can damage spermatozoa are essentially halted. Therefore, spermatozoa can be stored in liquid nitrogen at -196 °C for virtually unlimited periods, enabling the transport of genetic material across both time and space. To reach such low temperatures, however, sperm cells must undergo detrimental changes in temperature. Sperm samples are therefore diluted in buffered extenders containing cryoprotective agents that reduce cold shock and freezing induced damages. Despite these measures, freezing and thawing inevitably cause cell injuries, resulting in reduced longevity compared with freshly ejaculated spermatozoa. Therefore, intrauterine insemination and accurate prediction of ovulation are required to achieve acceptable pregnancy results. Protocols for cryopreservation of dog and cat spermatozoa are often adapted from those developed for other species, in which semen preservation is more established. However, sensitivity to cold shock and freezing varies both between species and among individuals, largely due to differences in sperm cell membrane composition. Moreover, spermatozoa from different species may exhibit varying degrees of sensitivity to potentially toxic effects of ingredients in semen extenders. Thus, protocols must be tailored to each species. Understanding mechanisms of cryo-induced cell damage requires a fundamental understanding of how cells are affected by low temperatures. Much of the research on basic cryobiology was conducted decades ago, yet improvements in cryopreservation protocols are still in progress, often driven by empirical studies, comparing alternative strategies. The aim of this review is to synthesize current knowledge on canine and feline semen freezing, placing recent findings in the context of historical research. Several breakthroughs in cell cryobiology have been successfully applied in these species and are still commonly used. Such examples are the basic Tris-buffer, and the use of egg yolk and glycerol in freezing extenders. Future developments may include alternatives to antibiotics and replacement of egg yolk with non-biological alternatives.</p>","PeriodicalId":7181,"journal":{"name":"Acta Veterinaria Scandinavica","volume":" ","pages":"3"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-12-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12801848/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145740453","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Agreement between arterial blood pressures measured non-invasively and invasively in anaesthetised sheep.","authors":"Sanna Kaisa Sainmaa, Magdy Adam Hussein Adam, Daniela C Casoni, Anna Vilhelmiina Huuskonen, Anna Valldeoriola Cardó, Marja Riitta Raekallio, Anna Kristina Mykkänen","doi":"10.1186/s13028-025-00833-6","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s13028-025-00833-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Both invasive and non-invasive blood pressure measuring methods are used in clinical and experimental work in veterinary medicine and several studies validating these methods are published. The aim of this study was to assess the level of agreement between non-invasive and invasive arterial blood pressure measurements within a wide range of blood pressures in sheep. Six adult Texel-cross female sheep were included. Anaesthesia was induced with IV propofol (4-8 mg/kg) and maintained with sevoflurane in 50% oxygen and air. Blood pressure measurements were simultaneously obtained using both invasive methods (electronic pressure transducer (EPT) connected to the auricular and carotid arteries, and aneroid manometer connected to the auricular artery) and non-invasive methods (the oscillometric device (OD) and Doppler). Carotid artery EPT was considered the 'gold standard' to which other methods were compared. The agreement between the two methods was evaluated with the Bland-Altman method, in conditions of normotension, hypertension (MAP > 160 mmHg, induced with phenylephrine), and hypotension (MAP < 50 mmHg, induced with acepromazine). The devices were evaluated using the American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine guidelines.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Carotid MAP values ranged from 37 to 192 mmHg. Mean bias and limits of agreement were - 2.8 mmHg and - 11-5.4 mmHg for the auricular EPT MAP; 5.1 mmHg and - 12.2-22.3 mmHg for the aneroid manometer MAP; - 2.7 mmHg and - 23.9-18.6 mmHg for the OD MAP; - 1.5 mmHg and - 20.1-23.2 mmHg for the Doppler SAP; respectively. Correlation coefficients for all methods were > 0.95.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Doppler SAP and OD MAP demonstrated acceptable accuracy over a broad blood pressure range, supporting their utility for sheep as surrogate of invasive methods of measuring blood pressure. Auricular EPT was the best surrogate of central arterial pressure to be used in clinical conditions.</p>","PeriodicalId":7181,"journal":{"name":"Acta Veterinaria Scandinavica","volume":"67 1","pages":"54"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-12-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12683885/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145706893","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Microbiological control project of minced meat of wild boar (Sus scrofa L.) in approved establishments in Sweden.","authors":"Arja Helena Kautto, Åsa Rosengren, Catarina Flink, Cathrine Domeij","doi":"10.1186/s13028-025-00840-7","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s13028-025-00840-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The aims of this study were to enhance knowledge of microbiological status of minced meat of Swedish wild boar and to evaluate its compliance with the Commission Regulation (EC) No 2073/2005 on microbiological criteria for foodstuffs. The sampling was performed by the official control staff at Swedish Food Agency during 2024. While wild boar has the capacity to harbor a diverse range of zoonotic agents there is a lack of microbiological data on the products derived from wild boar carcasses. More information concerning the microbiological status of minced meat of wild boar is needed. These results could contribute to the development of risk-based management strategies and the verification of control measures through the safe game meat chain. One sample from each of selected 33 approved establishments producing minced meat of wild boar was sent to a commercial laboratory accredited for the analyses. Process hygiene criteria Aerobic Colony Count (ACC) and Escherichia coli were analysed as well as food safety criteria Salmonella spp. and results were assessed according to the microbiological criteria for minced meat. Results show no presence of Salmonella spp. in any of the samples. The 165 units, clustered in 33 plants, had a median for ACC 5.6 log₁₀ colony forming units, cfu/g and E. coli 1.8 log₁₀ cfu/g. However, 25 of 33 samples (proportion 0.758, 95% Confidence interval, CI: 0.577;0.889) were unsatisfactory. In total, about one fourth of samples, (proportion 0.242, 95% C.I: 0.111;0.423) were satisfactory or acceptable. The evidence for a temporal trend from September to December was insufficient. The results show non-compliance with the process hygiene criteria for minced meat of wild boar. Hunters must be informed about the key importance of proficient shooting skills and adequate evisceration procedures. Food business operators must focus on control of incoming carcasses and hygienic handling in every stage of the production. In case of unsatisfactory results according to in-house sampling, effective corrective action should be implemented by food business operator and verified by official control. Our results show that it is possible to produce minced meat of wild boar of good bacteriological quality.</p>","PeriodicalId":7181,"journal":{"name":"Acta Veterinaria Scandinavica","volume":"67 1","pages":"53"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-12-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12679738/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145676183","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Clinical features, diagnostic findings, and treatment response in Finnish horses examined for equine inflammatory bowel disease.","authors":"Henna Marjaana Pekkarinen, Umberto Simola, Kati Elina Niinistö, Pernilla Elisabet Sofia Syrjä","doi":"10.1186/s13028-025-00831-8","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s13028-025-00831-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Equine inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is challenging to diagnose and treat. Although the number of horses examined due to suspicion of IBD is increasing, the different treatments in clinical patients and their responses are not well documented. We sought to characterize the demography, signs, clinical and rectal biopsy findings, and treatment response in Finnish horses suspected to have IBD. Horses undergoing clinical examination due to suspected IBD in 2022 and with a good-quality rectal biopsy were selected for the study. General information, signs, clinical and histological findings, and treatment response were collected retrospectively from owners and participating clinics. The effect of variables on symptoms, treatment response, and biopsy results was assessed using statistical methods (significance level P < 0.05).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 152 horses was included. The most common signs were poor performance (68%), nonspecific pain (43%), and irritation/aggression (41%). Intestinal signs were observed in 63% of horses. Sixty-six percent of horses had ultrasonographic changes in the small intestine, and 37% had gastric ulcers. Orthopaedic examination was mentioned in 12% of horses. In rectal biopsy, horses had eosinophilic (35%), lymphoplasmacytic (18%), or neutrophilic (6%) inflammation; 40% had no inflammation. Inflammation was observed mostly in horses aged 5-8 years (P = 0.015). Changes in rectal biopsy were associated with certain behaviour changes (P = 0.002). Sixty-eight percent of horses were treated with medication and dietary change. Glucocorticoids were first-line treatment in 73% of medicated horses. Medication was changed during treatment in 35 horses. Treatment response was considered good in 49% of horses. Access to pasture was associated with a reduction in signs (P = 0.001). Signs, clinical and biopsy findings, and treatment type were not associated with treatment response. Medication change was associated with poorer treatment response.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Most horses had at least a partial positive treatment response. Investment in pasture-like management, forage, and exercise regimen may be helpful during out-of-pasture season. Performance issues and nonspecific behaviour changes should be included as possible IBD-related signs, but a more structured clinical diagnostic workup is needed for a reliable assessment of treatment response and to increase the diagnostic value of rectal biopsy.</p>","PeriodicalId":7181,"journal":{"name":"Acta Veterinaria Scandinavica","volume":" ","pages":"2"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-12-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12781275/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145666476","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Medetomidine-vatinoxan-methadone and acepromazine-methadone: comparison of sedative and cardiovascular properties as a preanaesthetic medication in healthy dogs.","authors":"Vuokko Pekkola, Ira Kallio-Kujala, Marja Raekallio, Jaan Lepajõe, Kati Salla","doi":"10.1186/s13028-025-00844-3","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s13028-025-00844-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Medetomidine-vatinoxan is a relatively new medicinal product indicated for sedation of healthy dogs. Vatinoxan alleviates medetomidine-induced bradycardia and peripheral vasoconstriction in dogs, but when used as a preanaesthetic medication, it has been shown to cause more hypotension during general anaesthesia compared to medetomidine alone. Our aim was to compare medetomidine-vatinoxan to acepromazine when used as a preanaesthetic medication in a randomised, blinded, clinical study. Healthy client-owned dogs (n = 25) scheduled for elective ovariectomy were randomly assigned to receive 0.2 mg/kg intramuscular methadone combined with either 0.01 mg/kg medetomidine and 0.2 mg/kg vatinoxan (group MV, n = 13) or 0.02 mg/kg acepromazine (group A, n = 12). A sedation scale (SS, range 0-12) and visual analogue scale (VAS, range 0-100 mm) were applied to assess sedation every 5 min until one of the following endpoints was reached: the SS was ≥ 6 or30 min from treatment had passed. After this, general anaesthesia was induced with propofol and maintained with sevoflurane vaporised in oxygen. The need for cardiovascular interventions according to current guidelines was recorded. Statistical comparisons were performed with Student's t test, the Mann‒Whitney U test and Fisher's exact test. P-values < 0.05 were considered statistically significant.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The median (range) time to achieve an SS ≥ 6 was 5 (5-10) minutes in the MV group and 20 (10-25) minutes in the A group (P-value < 0.001). The number of dogs needing interventions for hypotension, bradycardia and/or bradyarrhytmias (7 in group MV, 8 in group A) did not significantly differ between the groups.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>When used as a preanaesthetic medication in combination with methadone, medetomidine-vatinoxan causes faster onset of sedation, without statistically significant differences in cardiovascular interventions, compared to acepromazine.</p>","PeriodicalId":7181,"journal":{"name":"Acta Veterinaria Scandinavica","volume":" ","pages":"1"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-12-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12777501/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145659981","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The impact of transportation on wounds up to 4 cm on umbilical outpouchings of slaughter pigs.","authors":"Tina Birk Jensen, Benjamin Meyer Jørgensen, Christoffer Kirkelund Flyger, Andreas Birch, Jeanett Snitgaard Pelck, Niels-Peder Nielsen, Henrik Elvang Jensen","doi":"10.1186/s13028-025-00834-5","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s13028-025-00834-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>In Denmark, pigs with wounds on umbilical outpouchings (UO) are deemed unfit for transport, due to welfare concerns, particularly the risk of wound rupture when these pigs are transported. Consequently, these pigs are often killed on-farm thereby affecting sustainability of pork production and farmers' economy. To gain more knowledge on the impact of transportation on wounds on UOs of pigs, this study examined 96 Danish slaughter pigs with wounds on the UOs and investigated how clinical signs were associated with the distance between the wound surface and the cavity of the UOs measured at necropsy. The pigs originated from three conventional herds and were clinically examined by the herd veterinarian the day before transport to the abattoir. From the abattoir, the UOs were sent for pathological examination at University of Copenhagen where the distance between the wound surface and the peritoneal lining of the cavity of the UOs was measured.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The results showed that the maximum measurement of either the length or width of the wound measured clinically was 2.93 cm (σ = 0.97). The mean distance between the wound surface and the cavity of the UOs of 87 slaughter pigs was 2.27 cm, and a total of 94% had a distance of at least 1 cm. For one pig there was access from the UO wound to the UO cavity. The association between size of the wound and the distance between the wound surface and the UO cavity, depended on the shape of the UO. If the UO was elongated in shape no significant association was found, however, if the UO was spherical in shape the distance became significantly shorter as the wound became larger. The study also investigated if the wounds on the UOs changed in size when measured before and after transport to the abattoir. Wound size measured clinically and at necropsy showed a correlation of 0.51, indicating a moderate correlation. When comparing the wound sizes clinically and just after individual slaughter the correlation was 0.7 indicating a moderate to strong correlation. With a ± 10% difference from the baseline, a total of 28 wounds measured larger at the abattoir compared to the clinical examination.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This study found that 94% of the wounds on UOs of 87 slaughter pigs examined post mortem had a distance of at least 1 cm from the wound surface to the UO cavity. In one pig the wound had ruptured giving access from the UO wound to the UO cavity. While a number of other factors also need to be considered when evaluating fitness for transport, the results from this study may serve as part of a risk assessment for transporting slaughter pigs with wounds on UOs in the future.</p>","PeriodicalId":7181,"journal":{"name":"Acta Veterinaria Scandinavica","volume":"67 1","pages":"52"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-11-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12661879/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145627669","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}