可持续生物质能源系统(英文)最新文献_第9页

Evaluation of Chemically Coagulated Swine Manure Solids as Value-Added Products 化学凝固猪粪固体物作为增值产品的评价

可持续生物质能源系统(英文) Pub Date : 2015-11-24 DOI: 10.4236/JSBS.2015.54013

S. Sadaka, K. Devender

{"title":"Evaluation of Chemically Coagulated Swine Manure Solids as Value-Added Products","authors":"S. Sadaka, K. Devender","doi":"10.4236/JSBS.2015.54013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/JSBS.2015.54013","url":null,"abstract":"The objective of this research was to evaluate the chemically coagulated swine manure solids as biofuel and/or compost feedstock. Three coagulants, namely agricultural lime [CaCO3], hydrated lime [Ca(OH)2], and lime slurry [Ca(OH)2], were added to fresh swine manure to coagulate manure solids. Four levels, i.e., 0.00 (0.0X), 4.89 (0.5X), 9.77 (1.0X), and 19.77 (2.0X) gm Ca⋅liter-1, were tested, in triplicates. Increasing the coagulant concentration increased the total solids, ash content, and pH of solid manure samples, whereas it decreased their volatile solids, chemical oxygen demand, and heating value. At the coagulant level of 2.0X rate, heating values of samples coagulated by agricultural lime, hydrated lime, and lime slurry were 2.64, 4.48, and 4.54 MJ⋅kg-1, respectively. The heating value of raw manure solids was as high as 13.49 MJ⋅kg-1. Increasing the coagulant concentration increased the O/C atomic ratio for all the studied coagulants. Accordingly, the high coagulant concentrations might reduce the acceptability of the feedstock as a biofuel that can be co-combusted with other feed stocks. The C/N ratio and the pH values of the solid separated swine manure increased by increasing agricultural lime and hydrated lime concentrations. The former might increase satisfactoriness for composting these solids, whereas the latter might hinder their use in the composting process. The maximum coagulant concentrations that allowed pyrolyzing the final product, based on the net energy values, were 48.80 (2.0X), 18.06 (1.0X), and 18.06 (1.0X) gm⋅liter-1 for agricultural lime, hydrated lime, and lime slurry, respectively. The maximum acceptable coagulant concentrations that allowed composting the final product, based on the pH values, were 48.80 (2.0X), 0.00 (0.0X), and 9.03 (0.5X) gm⋅liter-1 for the same three coagulants.","PeriodicalId":71705,"journal":{"name":"可持续生物质能源系统(英文)","volume":"05 1","pages":"136-150"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-11-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70426133","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 2

Hydrodeoxygenation of Bio-Oil on Bimetallic Catalysts: From Model Compound to Real Feed 生物油在双金属催化剂上的加氢脱氧:从模型化合物到实际饲料

可持续生物质能源系统(英文) Pub Date : 2015-11-24 DOI: 10.4236/JSBS.2015.54014

Thuan Minh Huynh, U. Armbruster, L. H. Nguyen, D. Nguyen, Andreas Martin

引用次数: 30

Lipid Production by Rhodotorula glutinis from Pulp and Paper Wastewater for Biodiesel Production 用粘胶红酵母从制浆造纸废水中提取油脂生产生物柴油

可持续生物质能源系统(英文) Pub Date : 2015-08-04 DOI: 10.4236/JSBS.2015.53011

Marta Amirsadeghi, S. Shields-Menard, W. French, R. Hernandez

{"title":"Lipid Production by Rhodotorula glutinis from Pulp and Paper Wastewater for Biodiesel Production","authors":"Marta Amirsadeghi, S. Shields-Menard, W. French, R. Hernandez","doi":"10.4236/JSBS.2015.53011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/JSBS.2015.53011","url":null,"abstract":"This study investigated the potential of oleaginous yeast Rhodotorula glutinis utilizing pulp and paper wastewater effluents as cultivation media for the sustainable production of microbial lipids as biodiesel feedstock. R. glutinis is oleaginous yeast, which has the ability to produce significant quantities of intercellular lipids in the form of triacylglycerols. Yeast lipids are a promising potential feedstock for biodiesel production due to similar fatty acid composition to plant oils. The effect of various carbon sources on biomass production, lipid accumulation, substrate utilization, and fatty acid composition using R. glutinis in the pulp and paper wastewater media was studied. The pulp and paper wastewater was supplemented with glucose, xylose, and glycerol as carbon sources under nitrogen-limited conditions. The maximum lipid productions of 1.3 - 2.9 g•L–1, which corresponded to the intracellular lipid contents of 8% - 15% cell dry weight (CDW), were obtained under various carbon substrates. A kinetic study of the batch fermentation was performed in a 3 L aerobic batch fermenter to describe the cell growth, lipid accumulation, and substrate utilization process, and the kinetic parameter was estimated. The fatty acid profile of oleaginous yeast was rich in palmitic, oleic, and linoleic acids and comparable to vegetable oils. Thus, the results of this study indicated that pulp and paper wastewater could be used to produce lipids as biodiesel feedstock.","PeriodicalId":71705,"journal":{"name":"可持续生物质能源系统(英文)","volume":"05 1","pages":"114-125"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-08-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70426077","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 20

Upgraded Pellet Making by Torrefaction—Torrefaction of Japanese Wood Pellets 焙烧升级制粒——日本木屑颗粒焙烧技术

可持续生物质能源系统(英文) Pub Date : 2015-08-04 DOI: 10.4236/JSBS.2015.53008

Takahiro Yoshida, T. Nomura, H. Gensai, H. Watada, T. Sano, S. Ohara

{"title":"Upgraded Pellet Making by Torrefaction—Torrefaction of Japanese Wood Pellets","authors":"Takahiro Yoshida, T. Nomura, H. Gensai, H. Watada, T. Sano, S. Ohara","doi":"10.4236/JSBS.2015.53008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/JSBS.2015.53008","url":null,"abstract":"Upgraded wood pellets were produced and evaluated by torrefaction of wood pellets. In this study, conventional wood pellets were initially prepared and subsequently torrefied on a laboratory and then larger scale. During the laboratory scale production, pellets from wooden parts of Japanese cedar (sugi, Cryptomeria japonica) and Japanese oak (konara, Quercus serrata) trees were heat- treated in an inert gas oven under nitrogen atmosphere around 170°C - 320°C. For the Japanese cedar, the calorific values were improved by heat treatment up to 260°C. By heat treatment at 240°C, the upgrade ratio of higher heating value (HHV) was nearly 30% and the energy yield was 97%. For the Japanese oak, the calorific values were improved by heat treatment up to 320°C. By heat treatment at 280°C, the upgrade ratio of HHV exceeded 30% and the energy yield was 84%. On a larger scale, a conventional charcoal oven was modified for torrefied wood pellet production, meaning that torrefied wood pellet with 25 MJ/kg of calorific value was produced during heat treatment at 350°C. A mixture of conventional and torrefied pellets was applied to a commercial pellet stove, and torrefied wood pellets produced in this study might be usable as fuel for conventional pellet stoves.","PeriodicalId":71705,"journal":{"name":"可持续生物质能源系统(英文)","volume":"25 1","pages":"82-88"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-08-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70426008","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 10

Genetic Algorithm Optimization for Multi-Biogas Mass Transfer in Hydrophobic Polymer Biocell 疏水聚合物生物电池中多沼气传质的遗传算法优化

可持续生物质能源系统(英文) Pub Date : 2015-08-04 DOI: 10.4236/JSBS.2015.53007

A. Qasaimeh, Talal Masoud, Hesham Al Sharie

{"title":"Genetic Algorithm Optimization for Multi-Biogas Mass Transfer in Hydrophobic Polymer Biocell","authors":"A. Qasaimeh, Talal Masoud, Hesham Al Sharie","doi":"10.4236/JSBS.2015.53007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/JSBS.2015.53007","url":null,"abstract":"In this work, a new municipal biocell with new operation and waste management is proposed. The proposed system is biocell that is built gradually when the waste is being disposed. Different from conventional disposal at landfills, waste is put between “hydrophobic bricks” that are perforated permeable containments filled up with porous dumping material such as styrofoam. Genetic algorithm is used to optimize a transfer function that represents input of biogas percentages and output solutions for daily mass transfer rates for biogas mixture from which mass and volume of biogas within the biocell time of service are calculated. Transfer function is obtained by fitting dynamic input-output data to the input-output solutions. Input-output data are encoded to chromosomes (1, 0 digits). These chromosomes are subjected to genetic processes as crossover and mutations. Then a process of evaluation takes place. The evaluation process entails an objective function that evaluates the squared difference between experimental and calculated values. After the chromosomes are being evaluated, they are either selected for more iteration or decoded to the solutions. The decoding process is performed on optimal chromosomes to obtain optimal solutions and required optimal transfer function. Consequently, the mass and volume of biogas within the landfill time of service are determined for any ratio of CH4:CO2 in biocell.","PeriodicalId":71705,"journal":{"name":"可持续生物质能源系统(英文)","volume":"5 1","pages":"73-81"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-08-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70426328","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Physicochemical Characterization of Jatropha curcas Linn Oil for Biodiesel Production in Nebbi and Mokono Districts in Uganda 乌干达Nebbi和Mokono地区用于生物柴油生产的麻疯树油的理化特性

可持续生物质能源系统(英文) Pub Date : 2015-08-04 DOI: 10.4236/JSBS.2015.53010

Y. Turinayo, F. Kalanzi, Jude M. Mudoma, P. Kiwuso, Godwin Asiimwe, J. Esegu, Paul Balitta, Christine Mwanja

{"title":"Physicochemical Characterization of Jatropha curcas Linn Oil for Biodiesel Production in Nebbi and Mokono Districts in Uganda","authors":"Y. Turinayo, F. Kalanzi, Jude M. Mudoma, P. Kiwuso, Godwin Asiimwe, J. Esegu, Paul Balitta, Christine Mwanja","doi":"10.4236/JSBS.2015.53010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/JSBS.2015.53010","url":null,"abstract":"Jatropha curcas Linn has been identified worldwide as one of the sources of biodiesel. Biodiesel has energy properties close to fossil diesel and can be a potential energy alternative. However, these properties may vary based on soils, plant genetics and agro-climatic conditions in a given geographical location. Several studies on biodiesel production under such conditions have been done elsewhere, but few have been done on J. curcas oil in Uganda. This study analysed the physicochemical properties of J. curcas L. oil for biodiesel production in Nebbi and Mukono districts using American Standards and Testing Methods (ASTM D6751) and European Standards (EN 14214). J. curcas seed kernel contained 51% w/w and 48% w/w of oil with high levels of Free Fatty Acids (1.52% and 1.93%) and acid values (35 and 36 mg KOH/g) for Nebbi and Mukono, respectively; the difference was significant (p ≤ 0.05). Generally, the quality and quantity of the oil from Nebbi were better than those of Mukono, based on the biodiesel standard values. Nevertheless, kinematic viscosity, acidity, potassium and phosphorus content values were found abnormally high (31.46 - 33.23 mm2/s, 35.23 - 36.66 mg KOH/g, 16.50 - 20.52 mg/100g and 16.13 - 26.02 mg/kg, respectively) for both regions as compared to the standard values (3.5 - 5.0 mm2/s, 2 mg KOH/g, <5 mg/100g and <10 mg/kg, respectively) of biodiesel for diesel engine. Such properties are very important for engine fuels and if not considered well, may affect engine performance negatively. Therefore adequate treatment of the oil by degumming, etherification and transesterification before use in a diesel engine could avert this difficulty.","PeriodicalId":71705,"journal":{"name":"可持续生物质能源系统(英文)","volume":"05 1","pages":"104-113"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-08-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70426062","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 11

A Comparative Study on the Engine Performance and Exhaust Emissions of Biodiesel from Various Vegetable Oils and Animal Fat 不同植物油和动物脂肪制备生物柴油的发动机性能和废气排放比较研究

可持续生物质能源系统(英文) Pub Date : 2015-08-04 DOI: 10.4236/JSBS.2015.53009

B. S. Santos, S. Capareda

{"title":"A Comparative Study on the Engine Performance and Exhaust Emissions of Biodiesel from Various Vegetable Oils and Animal Fat","authors":"B. S. Santos, S. Capareda","doi":"10.4236/JSBS.2015.53009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/JSBS.2015.53009","url":null,"abstract":"The potential of biodiesel fuels from various vegetable oil sources such as sunflower (SFME), safflower (SAFME), peanut (PME) and canola (CME) as well as from low-cost chicken fat (CFME) to supplement increasing biodiesel demands must be evaluated in terms of the corresponding engine performance and exhaust emissions. In this study, two diesel engines rated at 14.2 kW (small) and 60 kW (large) were operated by using the different biodiesel fuels and a reference diesel. Results showed that both the small and large engines delivered similar power when using biodiesel fuels in the expense of higher brake-specific fuel consumptions (BSFC). Higher exhaust concentrations of nitrogen oxides (NOx) and carbon dioxide (CO2) while lower carbon dioxide (CO) and negligible sulfur dioxide (SO2) emissions were observed in both engines. Total hydrocarbon emissions (THC) were higher in both engines when using SME, SFME and CME but comparable when using CFME, SAFME and PME in the large engine. Thus, with the increasing demand for biodiesel, alternative feedstock sources such as those used in this study may be utilized to take advantage of their availability, renewability and environmental benefits.","PeriodicalId":71705,"journal":{"name":"可持续生物质能源系统(英文)","volume":"05 1","pages":"89-103"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-08-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70426021","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 10

Pre-Operational Analysis of a Prototype Downdraft Gasifier Fueled by Bamboo 竹燃料下吸式气化炉原型运行前分析

可持续生物质能源系统(英文) Pub Date : 2015-04-10 DOI: 10.4236/JSBS.2015.52006

Julia Salovaara, H. Romero-Tehuitzil, M. Vaca, J. Villamar

引用次数: 5

Short Report: Effects of Biochar Addition on Manure Composting and Associated N 2 O Emissions 短报告:添加生物炭对粪肥堆肥和相关氮氧排放的影响

可持续生物质能源系统(英文) Pub Date : 2015-04-10 DOI: 10.4236/JSBS.2015.52005

Xingyong Jia, W. Yuan, X. Ju

引用次数: 16

Designing and Performance Evaluation of Biochar Production in a Top-Lit Updraft Up-scaled Gasifier 顶燃式上升气流放大气化炉生产生物炭的设计与性能评价

可持续生物质能源系统(英文) Pub Date : 2015-04-10 DOI: 10.4236/JSBS.2015.52004

H. K. Nsamba, Sarah E. Hale, G. Cornelissen, R. Bachmann

引用次数: 20