Acta Botanica Gallica最新文献

{"title":"Vegetation of abandoned areas in the northern Apennines (Italy): phytosociological aspects and biodiversity analysis","authors":"S. Assini, F. Filipponi, M. Brusoni, F. Zucca","doi":"10.1080/12538078.2014.948065","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/12538078.2014.948065","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract We describe plant communities occurring in an abandoned area in the northern Apennines using a phytosociological approach. We evaluate the biodiversity in and between the identified plant communities using the following indices: species richness, diversity, dominance and equitability. Ten vegetation types were identified in the study area. Because of the still active dynamics only three types were classified at the association level, while the other seven types were classified at alliance level. The α-diversity is generally high in all the identified plant communities. Two main secondary successions characterize the study area: a high hilly mesophilous succession (> 800 m above sea level where precipitation is more abundant) with Knautio drymeiae-Ostryetum carpinifoliae as final stage and a low hilly thermophilous succession (< 800 m above sea level where precipitation is less abundant) with Quercus pubescens woods as final stage. Trochiscantho-Fagetum represents the final stage of a third succession that develops above 1000 m above sea level. The study area is evolving towards the final stages of the three secondary successions. This will soon cause a loss of biodiversity at different levels: landscape, vegetation communities, flora and fauna. Grasslands and low shrub communities are the most threatened communities, occupying low percentages of the study area.","PeriodicalId":7129,"journal":{"name":"Acta Botanica Gallica","volume":"161 1","pages":"379 - 393"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/12538078.2014.948065","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"59705807","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Taxonomy and comparative anatomical studies of Viola sect. Sclerosium (Violaceae) in Iran","authors":"Maryam Mohammadi Shahrestani, Shahryar SAEIDI MEHRVARZ, T. Marcussen, Narjes Yousefi","doi":"10.1080/12538078.2014.932702","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/12538078.2014.932702","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The comparative anatomy of three morphologically close taxa of Viola sect. Sclerosium W. Becker distributed in southern Iran is presented in this study: Viola behboudiana, Viola cinerea and Viola stocksii. Cross-sections of roots, stems, peduncles, petioles, leaves and the surface sections of leaves showed that the following properties were taxonomically informative: number of collenchymatous cell layers in the stem, presence or absence of cortical bundles in the stem, number of vascular bundles in the peduncle, presence or absence of calcium oxalate crystals in the peduncle cortex, presence or absence of trichomes on the epidermis of the peduncle, shape of collenchyma cells in the petiole, and midrib outline of the leaf. Numerical analysis (unweighted pair-group method with arithmetic averages, principal components analysis) of 55 qualitative and quantitative characters confirmed the delimitation of three taxa.","PeriodicalId":7129,"journal":{"name":"Acta Botanica Gallica","volume":"161 1","pages":"343 - 353"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/12538078.2014.932702","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"59705976","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"n-alkanes in epicuticular waxes of Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp. leaves","authors":"Nupur Sarkar, U. Malik, A. Barik","doi":"10.1080/12538078.2014.968614","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/12538078.2014.968614","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The n-hexane extracts of young, mature and senescent leaves from Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp., commonly known as cowpea, containing a thin layer of epicuticular waxes were analysed by thin-layer chromatography, gas chromatography and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Samples (100 g) of young, mature and senescent leaves indicated the presence of 14, 15 and 14 long-chain n-alkanes, accounting for 6380 ± 77.2, 8774 ± 70.1 and 5686 ± 76.0 μg (mean ± SE), respectively. The predominant n-alkane was hentriacontane (n-C31) in all three types of leaves, representing 1490 ± 20.3, 1543 ± 17 and 902 ± 9 μg in young, mature and senescent leaves, respectively, while pentacosane (n-C25), pentatriacontane (n-C35) and n-C25 were present in the lowest amounts in young, mature and senescent leaves, accounting for 33 ± 0.3, 34 ± 1.2 and 56 ± 0.7 μg, respectively.","PeriodicalId":7129,"journal":{"name":"Acta Botanica Gallica","volume":"161 1","pages":"373 - 377"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/12538078.2014.968614","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"59705847","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Contribution au prodrome des végétations de France: les Parietarietea judaicae Rivas-Mart. in Rivas Goday 1964","authors":"Bruno de Foucault","doi":"10.1080/12538078.2014.932704","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/12538078.2014.932704","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Within the framework of the prodrome of French vegetation, under the sponsorship of the French Society of Phytosociology, the author presents Parietarietea judaicae: a list of syntaxa synthesized as tables and presented as 24 records by known association at the French level. In one known order, Parietarietalia judaicae, four alliances are separated: Centrantho–Parietarion jucaicae, Asplenio–Cymbalarion muralis (new alliance), Brassicion oleraceae, and Cymbalario–Asplenion rutae-murariae. A last alliance, Parietario–Hyoscyamion aurei, is not integrated into an order.","PeriodicalId":7129,"journal":{"name":"Acta Botanica Gallica","volume":"161 1","pages":"403 - 427"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/12538078.2014.932704","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"59705693","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Un modèle énergétique pour la dynamique de la végétation","authors":"B. Foucault","doi":"10.1080/12538078.2014.938118","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/12538078.2014.938118","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract We try here to model the vegetal dynamics, so progressive as regressive one, by using concepts stemming from the classic physics and we try to compare some results obtained in the empirical observations, specially the fact that the speed of the evolution in a series decreases when one get closer to the climax. At the same time, we discuss the concepts of bryoclimax, homothety, specialized vegetations, philosophy of trop, sylvigenetic maturation, complexity. We also illustrate the progressive dynamics by means of some spectral series (biological, systematic, architectural, or seeds scattering and adaptative strategy).","PeriodicalId":7129,"journal":{"name":"Acta Botanica Gallica","volume":"161 1","pages":"429 - 439"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/12538078.2014.938118","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"59705787","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Transférer le sol pour restaurer des communautés végétales: quelles leçons pour mesurer la résilience des pelouses sèches ? (Plaine de La Crau, Sud-Est de la France).","authors":"A. Bulot, E. Provost, T. Dutoit","doi":"10.1080/12538078.2014.906920","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/12538078.2014.906920","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Ecological restoration can accelerate the resilience of degraded dry grasslands. Among the ecological restoration techniques used, soil transfer has already given promising results for restoring species-rich plant communities by providing the ability to recreate rapidly a habitat that corresponds to the reference ecosystem (the non disturbed dry grasslands). However, soil transfer is a destructive method, since it involves the use of non-renewable resources such as grassland soils of the donor sites that are the produce of centuries of interactions between climate, plants and animals. In south-eastern France, the plain of La Crau is an example of Mediterranean dry grasslands where the resilience of the steppe vegetation is extremely slow after land use changes which have impacted soil and vegetation. On 7th August 2009, a major oil leak occurred in the steppe center, destroying more than 13 acres of steppe vegetation. As a consequence, in 2010, the polluted soil was excavated and evacuated in a specialised dump. This operation was, then, combined with various in situ experiments of soil transfer, with exclusion of traditional sheep grazing management, to test (i) the importance of respecting the vertical organization of the main soil horizons and (ii) some opportunities to save this non-renewable resource. In May 2011, just after the soil transfer (72,000 tons) was achieved in April 2011 from a nearby quarry which extension had been authorised prior to the oil leak, different quadrats were materialized in the reference steppe vegetation around and in the restored site, with at the soil surface: the organic layer (top-soil, treatment ABC) with or without compaction (treatment ABCnc), the mineral layer (sub-soil, treatment BC) or the altered bedrock only (treatment C). After three years of vegetation monitoring, all the different treatments of soil transfer resulted in a rapid resilience of steppe vegetation in terms of floristic composition and plant species richness. Indeed, in 2013, the treatment with the transfer of mineral layer only at the soil surface, showed no significant difference in terms of plant species richness with the reference steppe plant community. Furthermore, there was a significant higher species richness for the treatments with the transfer of organic layer, compacted or not, in comparison with the reference steppe plant community. In addition, between 2011 and 2013, the natural colonisation by some ruderal opportunistic species was very low. Nevertheless, the reference steppe plant community organization was not restored for none of the different soil transfer treatments, as revealed by the calculation of the Bray-Curtis index. In addition, species abundances in the uncompacted organic layer, mean vegetation height and plant cover were significantly higher, than in the reference steppe plant community. Our results show that after only 3 years, the results of the different soil transfer treatments seem very promisin","PeriodicalId":7129,"journal":{"name":"Acta Botanica Gallica","volume":"161 1","pages":"287 - 300"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/12538078.2014.906920","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"59705763","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Consequences of iceplant (Carpobrotus) invasion on the vegetation and seed bank structure on a Mediterranean island: response elements for their local eradication","authors":"Julie Chenot, L. Affre, Aurélie Passetti, E. Buisson","doi":"10.1080/12538078.2014.910473","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/12538078.2014.910473","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Biological invasions are one of the world’s leading causes of biodiversity loss. Islands are particularly good models for studying the impact of invasive species. Bagaud island (58 ha), which is part of Port-Cros National Park (southeastern France), is currently suffering an invasion of Carpobrotus. A restoration project has been established with the aim of eradicating these species to protect native ecosystems. The objective of the present study was to examine the plant composition of the local vegetation and seed bank (in litter and soil) focusing on (i) Carpobrotus patches and (ii) native plant communities, with the ultimate goal of determining whether Carpobrotus removal is followed by native plant community colonization. A further objective of this study was to help identify the most effective protocol for adequate ecological restoration. Native plant communities found around Carpobrotus patches can vary depending on whether the patch is located on the coast or inland; we can therefore expect a variety of plant communities to form following Carpobrotus removal. Even though Carpobrotus litter can frequently contain seeds of native species, such Atriplex prostrata, Frankenia sp. and Sonchus asper, it also contained many more Carpobrotus seeds (77.6%). Therefore, it is important to remove Carpobrotus litter to prevent large numbers of Carpobrotus seeds from recolonizing after eradication. We conclude that the most effective ecological restoration protocol consists of the following: (i) the removal of living Carpobrotus plants and (ii) the removal of Carpobrotus litter. This protocol can be made even more effective by following it up in the near and mid-term by periodic and thorough checks for Carpobrotus reinvasion.","PeriodicalId":7129,"journal":{"name":"Acta Botanica Gallica","volume":"161 1","pages":"301 - 308"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/12538078.2014.910473","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"59705866","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The interspecific and intraspecific variation of functional traits in weeds: diversified ecological strategies within arable fields","authors":"Rémi Perronne, S. Gaba, Émilie Cadet, V. Le Corre","doi":"10.1080/12538078.2013.868320","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/12538078.2013.868320","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Arable weeds are a key component of the biodiversity of agroecosystems, but have faced a marked decline due to agricultural intensification. Recently, the crop edge has been considered as a potential refugia for many species. Indeed, weed species richness and abundance are higher in the crop edge than in the field margin and the field core. In this study we question whether weed functional diversity also varies among field elements and whether it is higher in the crop edge. We studied the interspecific and intraspecific variation of three functional traits (specific leaf area, canopy height and above-ground biomass) related to the response of weeds to competition and to agricultural practices, for seven weed species sampled in the crop edge, the field margin and the field core area in four winter-wheat fields. We show that trait values varied significantly with the species, the field element and their interaction. Within the field, all species had high specific leaf area, low canopy height and biomass, suggesting a shade-tolerance syndrome that could be a strategy in response to both competition with the crop and the disturbances induced by agricultural practices. In the crop edge, where the functional variation was the highest, two distinct functional strategies were observed, suggesting a resource partitioning under the predominance of weed–weed competition. In conclusion, the crop edge plays a key role in sustaining weed diversity, mostly because of its intermediate environmental properties that allow the coexistence of weeds with different ecological strategies.","PeriodicalId":7129,"journal":{"name":"Acta Botanica Gallica","volume":"161 1","pages":"243 - 252"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/12538078.2013.868320","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"59705210","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impacts de différents régimes de perturbations et niveaux de ressource hydrique pour contrôler une espèce proliférante dans un écosystème pseudo-steppique: le cas de Rubus ulmifolius Schott. dans la plaine de la Crau (Bouches-du-Rhône, France)","authors":"S. Masson, F. Mesléard, T. Dutoit","doi":"10.1080/12538078.2014.911113","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/12538078.2014.911113","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The plain of la Crau, located in South Eastern France, is a unique pseudo-steppe ecosystem, characterized by the presence of a Mediterranean climate, stony soil and limestone conglomerate at 40cm depth, and a traditional sheep grazing dating back to 6,000 years. Nevertheless, for many decades, this ecosystem has been subjected to numerous exogenous disturbance regimes. Indeed, during the 16th century, the construction of channels led to the transformation of the dry grasslands into hay meadows. Moreover, during the last century, agriculture intensification and the industrial development of military activities have significantly altered the steppe. Now, the plain of la Crau is a fragmented landscape where steppe habitats are connected directly with irrigated orchards or hay meadows. The effects on plant communities have been a decrease of species richness, a trivialization of plant composition and also the colonization of disturbed areas by pioneer invasive species such as Rubus ulmifolius Schoot, the elm leaf bramble. Absent from the original plant composition, this species can colonize areas formerly cultivated and/or subjected to water infiltrations coming from the mismanagement of the irrigation of hay meadows nearby. The increase of bramble cover is a threat to the Crau, because it causes the reduction of herbaceous community available for traditional sheep grazing, which is responsible for the organization and the structure of the steppe plant communities. To better understand this phenomenon and to discriminate the factors responsible for this colonization, an experimentation in situ based on the implementation of different disturbance regimes (shrub clearing and/or grazing) crossed with two levels of water resources has been carried out during three years (between November 2010 to September 2013). During this period, we have performed a monitoring of the vegetation each spring and measured the photosynthetically active radiation at different times to a year (at the moment of clearing, before and after grazing, and after the summer drought). Our results evidence significant changes in the composition and a drastic increase of species richness between plots that were cleared and grazed each year and those that were not. These differences can be explained by a significant reduction in the area occupied by the bramble (increase of photosynthetically active radiation). However, the action of a single clearing or grazing alone did not succeed in maintaining an open environment. No significant action of the drying plots could be detected on the plant community and on the dynamics of brambles. In order to perform a potential ecological restoration, an annual clearing coupled with a return of sheep grazing is recommended. In addition, the restoration of the irrigation system is considered in the discussion to limit the presence of Brachypodium phoenicoides (L.) Roem. & Schult that develops probably at the expense of typical steppe species.","PeriodicalId":7129,"journal":{"name":"Acta Botanica Gallica","volume":"161 1","pages":"261 - 275"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/12538078.2014.911113","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"59705878","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Actes du 9ème Colloque d’Ecologie des Communautés Végétales, ECOVEG9 Tours 3-5 avril 2013 (Proceedings of the 9th Plant Community Ecology conference, Tours April 3–5, 2013, France): résumés","authors":"F. Isselin","doi":"10.1080/12538078.2014.932705","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/12538078.2014.932705","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":7129,"journal":{"name":"Acta Botanica Gallica","volume":"161 1","pages":"321 - 342"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/12538078.2014.932705","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"59705730","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}