Acta Botanica Gallica最新文献

{"title":"List of Reviewers","authors":"K. Aktas, C. Bayar, Youhuang Bai, Fuzhou, Chine, F. Bailleul, D. Begerow, Alexander Bobrov, I. Papanin, Yanis Bouchenak-Khellady, L. Gall, N. Machon","doi":"10.1080/12538078.2015.1000580","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/12538078.2015.1000580","url":null,"abstract":"Kamuran Aktaş, Celal Bayar University, Turkey Azlan Azrina, Fakulti Perubatan dan Sains, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Malaysia Youhuang Bai, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Chine François Bailleul, Lille 2 University, Lille, France Dominik Begerow, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Bochum, Germany Salima Benhouhou, ENSA (National Graduate School of Agronomy) Alger, Algeria Eduardo Biondi, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy Frédéric Bioret, Bretagne Occidentale University, Brest, France Alexander Bobrov, I. D. Papanin Institute for Biology of Inland Waters RAS, Borok, Russian Federation Imre Boldizsár, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungaria Yanis Bouchenak-Khellady, University of Zurich, Switzerland Anne Bousquet-Mélou, Aix-Marseille University, Marseille, France, Marie-Elisabeth Boutroue, Institut de Recherches et d’Histoire des Textes (Institute of Text Research and History), CNRS, Paris, France Samantha Broadmeadow, Forest Research, Centre for Forestry and Climate change, Franham, United Kingdom Yves Brostaux, Liège University Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech (GxABT), Gembloux, Belgium Giuseppe Brundu, Universitá degli Studi di Sassari, Sassary, Italy Gabriele Casazza, Universitá degli Studi di Genova, Genova, Italy Tzen-Yuh Chiang, National Cheng Kung University, Taiwan. Laure Civeyrel, Paul Sabatier Toulouse III University, Toulouse, France Rosa Clement Perez, Universitat Jaume I, Castellón, Spain Emmanuel Corckett, Bordeaux I University, Bordeaux, France José Costa, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal Catherine Damerval, INRA (National Institute of Agricultural Research), Université Paris Sud, Paris, France Bruno De Foucault, Société Botanique de France (French Botanical Society), Carcassonne, France Douglas H. Deutschmann, San Diego State University, CA, U.S.A. Romeo Di Pietro, Università della Basilicata, Potenza, Italy Elisabeth Dodinet, Toulouse II University Le Mirail, Toulouse, France Guy Durrieu, ENSA (Agronomy National Graduate School), Toulouse, France Vince Eckhart, Grinnell College, Grinnell, Iowa, U.S.A. Amandine Erktan, INRA (National Institute for Agricultural Research), Montpellier, France Wei Fang, BGI (Beijing Genomics Institue), Shenzhen, China Anne Fournier, IRD (Institute of Researches and Development), Orléans, France Gabriele Galasso, Museo di Sotria Naturale di Milano, Milan, Italy Rodolfo Gentili, Università delgi Studi di Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy Carlos Gomes, Universidad de Évora, Évora, Portugal Riccardo Guarino, Università degli Studi di Palermo, Palermo, Italy Elisa Hardt, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Brazil Curtis Holder, University of Colorado Colorado Springs, Colorado Springs, CO, U.S.A. Trevor Hodkinson, Trinity College Dublin University, Dublin, Ireland Gregory W. Hood, Skagit River System Cooperative, La Conner, Washington, U.S.A. Mauro Iberite, Spaienza Università du Roma, Roma, Italy Florian Jabbour, Muséum d’Histoire Naturelle (Natural History Museum), Paris, F","PeriodicalId":7129,"journal":{"name":"Acta Botanica Gallica","volume":"109 1","pages":"3 - 4"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/12538078.2015.1000580","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"59705591","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cypselar morphology of Carduus L. (Asteraceae) taxa in Turkey and its taxonomic implications","authors":"Serkan Köstekci, T. Arabaci","doi":"10.1080/12538078.2014.972977","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/12538078.2014.972977","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Cypselar morphology of 24 taxa including 16 species and eight subspecies of the 29 Turkish Carduus L. (Asteraceae) taxa (belonging to 17 species) were examined by stereomicroscope and scanning electron microscope. In this study, nine qualitative characters (cypselar shape, symmetry, kurtosis, surface ornamentation and different features of cypselar surface cells) and five quantitative characters (cypselar length and width, umbo length and width, ring diameter) were examined. Macromorphological studies revealed oblanceolate, narrowly obovate, narrowly oblong to oblong cypselar shapes with striate or furrowed surface. Based on scanning electron microscopic investigation of cypselar surface, the studied taxa were divided into five main types: scalariform, scalariform-ribbed, scrobiculate-ribbed, scrobiculate and scrobiculate-foveolate. An identification key of studied species based on cypselar morphology has been provided. The results indicate that cypselar features can be used as diagnostic taxonomic characters in examined Carduus species.","PeriodicalId":7129,"journal":{"name":"Acta Botanica Gallica","volume":"162 1","pages":"11 - 26"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/12538078.2014.972977","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"59705862","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The sabulicolous therophytic associations in Sicily: new insights through the statistical approach, stressing the continuum versus discrete model of plant communities","authors":"P. Minissale, S. Sciandrello","doi":"10.1080/12538078.2014.993703","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/12538078.2014.993703","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This study presents an updated syntaxonomic review of the annual psammophilous plant communities from coastal dunes and inland territories of Sicily. A total of 301 relevés were collected. The relevés data were analysed using classification (WPGMA, similarity ratio) and ordination methods (detrended correspondence analysis and principal component analysis). Eighteen plant communities were recognized, four of which are described here for the first time (Rostrario littoreae-Tuberarietum villosissimae, Filigini asterisciflorae-Loeflingietum hispanicae, Astragalo kamarinensis-Coronilletum repandae, Sileno coloratae-Ononidetum variegatae cutandietosum maritimae). The surveyed associations are ascribed to the following orders: Cutandietalia maritimae (annual associations of semi-fixed dunes) and Malcolmietalia (inland sandy soil communities). Moreover, for this latter order, a new alliance, Filagini asterisciflorae-Linarion humilis, that groups the therophytic communities from fossil dunes and deep sandy soils of the inland of the Sicily, is proposed. Another aim of this study is to check and compare the discrete model of plant community against the continuum model along environmental gradients.","PeriodicalId":7129,"journal":{"name":"Acta Botanica Gallica","volume":"162 1","pages":"55 - 78"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/12538078.2014.993703","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"59706025","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Méthodologie de suivi des espèces végétales rares mise en place par un réseau d’acteurs de la conservation","authors":"V. Bonnet, N. Fort, Cédric Dentant, Richard Bonet, P. Salomez, Irène Till-Bottraud","doi":"10.1080/12538078.2014.981289","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/12538078.2014.981289","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract There is an increasing need for data on the patterns of population changes for rare species at the regional, national and European scales in the context of the Natura 2000 reporting on the state of species’ conservation. This reporting requires the use of the same protocol over a whole region or country with the major constraint that it has to be shared by a large array of conservations and monitoring structures. The protocol has therefore to be both precise and reproducible but also simple enough to be used over a large number of sites and years, and has moreover to be accepted by various conservation structures. In this aim, the Alps-Ain flora conservation network (Réseau Alpes-Ain de Conservation de la Flore), a network composed of flora conservation stakeholders for 2 regions, Provence-Alpes-Côte d’Azur and Rhône-Alpes, set up a series of nested protocols to monitor populations at different spatial scales (levels). Each monitoring level is set up to answer to a specific aim and corresponds to a protocol shared by all the network actors. The first level, detailed below, is defined for the regional scale (“territory” level) with the site as observation unit. The second level aims at identifying if in a specific site (“station”) a population is stable, expanding or regressing and if natural or anthropic factors can explain this dynamics. The observation unit is a plot or a transect and the variables measured are frequencies or numbers and environmental parameters. The third level is an individual-based survey (“individu”) and aims at understanding the demographic processes affecting a population. The observation unit is here the individual plant. The link between the 3 levels is described in Figure 1. The “territory” level protocol was developed over several years of discussions and in situ tests on several species (Table 1). Its aim is to identify increases or decreases of species’ size at the scale of the region. The variables used for this monitoring are simple and easily reproducible: area of presence and frequency. During the process, we realized that even a simple protocol could not be applied to a large range of species. We therefore propose some variations on a common methodological base, depending on the biology of the species (longevity, clonality, dormancy, size of individuals…). An originality of the protocol is to note the non-detection of the species in a given point at a given time to be able to document the expansion or the regression of the species in the site. A first step therefore consists in defining the zone in which the species will be looked for, the prospection zone (ZP). This zone should correspond as much as possible to the potential habitat of the species and has to remain constant over time. Within this zone, the area of presence (AP) is determined using the envelope formed by the GPS points where the species is found. Population size is then estimated as the frequency of occurrence by contact-points along a","PeriodicalId":7129,"journal":{"name":"Acta Botanica Gallica","volume":"162 1","pages":"27 - 36"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/12538078.2014.981289","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"59705901","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ecology and phytosociology of endangered psammophytic species of the Omphalodes genus in western Europe","authors":"C. Neto, J. P. Fonseca, J. Costa, F. Bioret","doi":"10.1080/12538078.2014.981290","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/12538078.2014.981290","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Omphalodes kuzinskyanae Willk. is an endangered annual plant of the family Boraginaceae, endemic to a narrow coastal area in the Lisbon region (Portugal). Omphalodes littoralis Lehm. occurs in northwest Spain (subsp. gallaecica) and northwest France (subsp. littoralis). Three approaches were used to assess the ecological requirements of O. kuzinskyanae: (1) physical and chemical characterization of their habitat soil; (2) phytosociological analysis; (3) comparison of several life history parameters under different light conditions. Germination experiments were conducted to evaluate seed dormancy. The results show that O. kuzinskyanae occurs in thin sandy soil with a substantial amount of organic matter and clay, mostly over limestone pavements. Phytosociological analysis shows that O. kuzinskyanae occurs both in sciophytic and heliophytic communities. Life history comparisons demonstrated that this plant has a strong preference for sciophytic conditions: under strong shade, plants have a higher survival rate, attain a greater height and width, and produce approximately nine times more seeds than in sunny conditions. In contrast with O. kuzinskyanae, published data on O. littoralis indicate that this species occurs in heliophytic conditions. This group of Omphalodes is possibly limited both in geographical distribution and habitat by its vulnerability to hydric stress. Scenarios are discussed that can explain the extensive gap separating the present ranges of the two species and their ecological differences. We propose two new syntaxa: Linario arenariae-Omphalodetum littoralis, Geranio purpurei-Galietum minutuli omphalodetosum kuzinskyanae.","PeriodicalId":7129,"journal":{"name":"Acta Botanica Gallica","volume":"162 1","pages":"37 - 54"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/12538078.2014.981290","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"59705912","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Structural analysis of regeneration in tropical dense forest: combined effect of plot and spatial distribution patterns","authors":"I. Gnonlonfoun, R. G. Glèlè Kakaï, V. Salako, A. Assogbadjo, A. Ouédraogo","doi":"10.1080/12538078.2014.984332","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/12538078.2014.984332","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This study assessed the combined effect of the size and shape of inventory plots on the analysis of the density and diameter structure of saplings and juvenile trees. Thirty square plots of 400 m² were randomly laid out and each one was divided into 400 quadrats of 1 m². Stem number of recruits was recorded for all tree species and their diameter at breast height was measured in the quadrats. Seven types of subplots with different shapes and sizes were considered by grouping adjacent quadrats of 1 m². The Green index was used to assess the spatial distribution of regeneration and Weibull distribution was applied to model stem diameter distributions. Box–Cox transformations and weighted regression were used to model the relationship between the Green index, the plot patterns and the standard error of the estimation of the regeneration density. The same analyses were applied to model the relationship between the Green index, the plot patterns and the mean absolute error of the shape parameter of the Weibull distribution. The Green index and the plot size had a significant impact on the error of the regeneration density estimation. For clumped distribution of individuals, the plot shape had a significant impact on the error of their density estimation. As for stem diameter distribution, only the plot size had a significant effect on the mean absolute error of the stem diameter structure. The rectangular plots and square plots of 100 m² (14 m × 7 m and 10 m × 10 m) appeared more suitable for an effective structural analysis of woody species regeneration in the tropical dense forest for an aggregated distribution and a random distribution, respectively.","PeriodicalId":7129,"journal":{"name":"Acta Botanica Gallica","volume":"162 1","pages":"79 - 87"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/12538078.2014.984332","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"59705953","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Taxonomic notes and distribution of taxa of Orobanche gr. minor (Orobanchaceae) from Tunisia","authors":"R. El Mokni, G. Domina, H. Sebei, Mohamed Hédi El Aouni","doi":"10.1080/12538078.2014.993424","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/12538078.2014.993424","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract New records for the flora of Tunisia and, in part, for North Africa of taxa of Orobanche sect. Orobanche subsect. Minores (Beck) Teryokhin, are reported. These records come from field research carried out between 2010 and 2014 in the Kroumiria region in northwestern Tunisia and herbarium studies. Infraspecific taxa and chorological data about the identified taxa (Orobanche amethystea Thuill., Orobanche canescens C. Presl, Orobanche hederae Duby, Orobanche litorea Guss., Orobanche minor Sm. and Orobanche pubescens d’Urv.) are reported. Literature data on host and distribution are also revised. Orobanche litorea is new to North Africa, and O. canescens has been confirmed for North Africa more than 100 years after the only known collection. Orobanche hederae and O. pubescens are new to Tunisia.","PeriodicalId":7129,"journal":{"name":"Acta Botanica Gallica","volume":"162 1","pages":"10 - 5"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/12538078.2014.993424","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"59706016","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Population structure of two bamboo species in relation to topographical units in the Republic of Benin (West Africa): implications for sustainable management","authors":"F. Tovissodé, H. Honfo, V. Salako, C. Gnanglè, S. Mensah, R. G. Kakaï","doi":"10.1080/12538078.2014.990404","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/12538078.2014.990404","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract A study was carried out in two phytodistricts (Ouémé-valley and Plateau) to assess the population structure of two bamboo species (Oxytenanthera abyssinica (A. Rich.) Munro and Bambusa vulgaris Schrad. ex J.C. Wendl. in two topographical units: plateau and wetlands. In each phytodistrict, bamboo stands were randomly selected in each topographical unit for inventory using a 0.25-ha square plot. Structural parameters of bamboos were computed and compared using a Wilcoxon rank test. Spatial distribution of the two bamboos was also assessed using the method of neighbourhood density in relation to a focal point. The observed culm diameter distribution was established for each stand and adjusted to the two-parameter Weibull distribution. Oxytenanthera abyssinica showed the highest culm and clump density values in both wetlands and plateau whereas B. vulgaris showed greater values of mean diameter and dominant height whatever the habitat. Diameter structures of bamboo stands showed a right asymmetric distribution and bamboo spatial distribution was highly aggregative, especially in wetlands. No significant difference in mean relative neighbourhood density between species was noted. However, a significant difference was observed between wetlands and plateau (p < 0.001) indicating strong influence of the topographical units on the relative neighbourhood density of bamboo species. All of these findings are determinants in designing suitable management strategies for bamboo populations in Benin, particularly with the increasing demand to build fish-traps and shelter in the traditional fishing systems “Acadja”.","PeriodicalId":7129,"journal":{"name":"Acta Botanica Gallica","volume":"162 1","pages":"89 - 96"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/12538078.2014.990404","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"59705964","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Constraints on floral water status of successively blossoming Mediterranean plants under natural conditions","authors":"S. Rhizopoulou, H. Pantazi","doi":"10.1080/12538078.2014.991753","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/12538078.2014.991753","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The water relations of showy laminar floral tissues (petals and tepals) were studied in 20 Mediterranean plants successively blossoming under ambient conditions. The water potential and osmotic potential of floral tissues decline according to the succession of the median day of flowering of the selected plant species. The highest (least negative) value of floral water potential (–0.32 MPa), among the examined species, was measured in petals of Anemone coronaria in March, and the lowest value (–1.25 MPa) in petals of Coridothymus capitatus in June. Low values of water potential of floral tissues coincided with constraints in declining values of osmotic potential at the onset of the dry period in the Mediterranean region; this apparently resulted in a reduction of turgor of floral tissues of Mediterranean plants subjected to water shortage. The reduced osmotic potential was correlated with enhanced soluble sugar content of floral tissues, presumably contributing to the expansion and water status of flowers under water scarcity, by decreasing water requirements.","PeriodicalId":7129,"journal":{"name":"Acta Botanica Gallica","volume":"162 1","pages":"102 - 97"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/12538078.2014.991753","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"59705973","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Présentation du Prodrome des végétations de France, de la première version (PVF1) à la seconde, déclinaison au niveau association végétale (PVF2)","authors":"F. Bioret, F. Bensettiti, Jean-Marie Royer","doi":"10.1080/12538078.2014.972978","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/12538078.2014.972978","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The Prodrome of French vegetation is presented from its beginning in 1996 to the publication in 2004 of the first version of the national synsystem detailed up to the level of suballiance (PVF1). Work began in 2006 to produce a second edition, called PVF2, which aims to describe 78 of the 80 classes recorded in mainland France and Corsica, up to the level of association and subassociation. So far, 19 classes have been published, five classes are ready for publication and 54 classes are under preparation. The most important classes of PVF2, especially forest classes, should be completed in 2015.","PeriodicalId":7129,"journal":{"name":"Acta Botanica Gallica","volume":"161 1","pages":"395 - 402"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/12538078.2014.972978","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"59705894","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}