Acta Geologica Sinica ‐ English Edition最新文献

{"title":"Distinct Enrichment Mechanisms of PGE in Different Orebodies of the Jinchuan Ni-Cu-PGE Sulfide Deposit, Western China","authors":"Yan YANG,&nbsp;Yantong FENG,&nbsp;Mingjie ZHANG,&nbsp;Lihua ZHU,&nbsp;Aowei WANG","doi":"10.1111/1755-6724.15317","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/1755-6724.15317","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The Jinchuan magmatic Ni-Cu-PGE deposit is the largest single Ni sulfide deposit in the world. It consists primarily of orebody-24 in segment I, and orebody-1 and orebody-2 in segment II. The contents of platinum-group elements (PGE) in these orebodies decrease significantly from west to east across the deposit. However, the PGE characteristics of platinum-group minerals (PGM) and alloys, as well as their roles during mineralization in different orebodies, remain unclear. In this study, PGM and alloy occurrences in orebody-24 and orebody-2 had been observed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and spherical-aberration corrected scanning transmission electron microscope (Cs-STEM). The PGE contents were analyzed by SEM–EDS for submicron-scale PGM and alloys. The results show that olivine in lherzolite mainly hosts PGM of PtTe and PdBi₂, whereas pyroxene contains small amounts of PdBiTe. Pyrrhotite predominantly hosts (Ir-Rh-Pt)AsS, Pd(BiTe), and other PGM, as well as PtSn and PtOs alloys. Pentlandite mainly encloses Pd(BiTe), PdBi/PdBi₂ and other PGM, as well as PtSn and PtFe alloys. Chalcopyrite primarily encloses PdBi/PdBi₂, and other PGM, along with PtSn and IrOs. Distinct distribution patterns of PGE in PGM and alloys had been observed between different orebodies. Orebody-24 contains more (Ir-Rh-Pt)AsS minerals and PtFe/PtSn alloy grains, whereas orebody-2 has a higher proportion of Pt- and Pd-bearing PGM. The presence of euhedral alloys in silicate minerals from orebody-24 suggests that its parent magma had a higher PGE content before sulfide saturation than that of orebody-2. More than 90% of PGM and alloys in both orebody-24 and orebody-2 contain Pt and Pd, emphasizing their contributions to the elevated Pt and Pd concentrations. The different PGE distributions of PGM and alloys in the two orebodies suggest that thermodynamic conditions (<i>f</i>O₂ and <i>f</i>S₂) and semimetals, especially As, play critical roles in controlling PGE behavior and occurrence.</p>","PeriodicalId":7095,"journal":{"name":"Acta Geologica Sinica ‐ English Edition","volume":"99 4","pages":"1059-1073"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144923344","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Geometric Structural Characteristics and Tectonic Significance of the Litang Fault Zone, Southeastern Margin of the Tibetan Plateau","authors":"Xianbing ZHANG,&nbsp;Ning ZHONG,&nbsp;Hao YU,&nbsp;Xiao YU,&nbsp;Haibing LI","doi":"10.1111/1755-6724.15330","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/1755-6724.15330","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The Litang fault zone is an important seismogenic structure along the southeastern margin of the Tibetan Plateau. It caused the M7¼ earthquake in Litang in 1948 AD. The fault zone intersects the Sichuan–Tibet transportation corridor and poses a serious risk to its safe operation. This study, utilizing high-resolution remote sensing interpretation, field geological verification, UAV photogrammetry, UAV LiDAR, paleoearthquake trench excavation, and AMS ¹⁴C and OSL dating methods, reveals the geometric structure, slip rates, paleoearthquake sequence, and earthquake rupture segmentation of the Litang fault zone; analyzes the rupture distribution range of the 1729 AD Litang earthquake and estimates its magnitude. The study indicates that the Litang fault zone is a relatively immature strike-slip fault, which has developed as a new active fault zone within the Northwestern Sichuan sub-block during the southeastward material migration of the southeastern margin of the Tibetan Plateau. This reflects a transformation in the deformation model of the Northwestern Sichuan sub-block crust from the ‘Rigid Block’ model to the ‘Continuous Deformation’ model.</p>","PeriodicalId":7095,"journal":{"name":"Acta Geologica Sinica ‐ English Edition","volume":"99 4","pages":"942-960"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144923623","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Trace Element Geochemistry and Sr-Nd Isotopic Characteristics of Scheelite from the Gejiu Sn-Cu-(W) Ore District: Constraints on Tungsten Sources and Evolution of W-bearing Hydrothermal Fluids","authors":"Zhang HAN,&nbsp;Chao LI,&nbsp;Yaokun CHEN,&nbsp;Qinggao YAN,&nbsp;Fucheng YANG,&nbsp;Chao WEI,&nbsp;Xiaojun JIANG","doi":"10.1111/1755-6724.15328","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/1755-6724.15328","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The Gejiu tin-copper-(tungsten) (Sn-Cu-(W)) polymetallic district is located in the southwest of the W-Sn metallogenic belt in the western Youjiang Basin, Yunnan, Southwest China. Abundant W minerals have been identified in the region via exploration. However, metallogenic sources and evolution of W remain unclear, and the existing metallogenic model has to be updated to guide further ore prospecting. Elemental and Sr-Nd isotopic data for scheelites assist in the determination of sources and evolution of the W-mineralizing fluids and metals in the district. Based on field geological survey, the scheelites in the Gejiu district can be categorized into three types: altered granite (Type I), quartz vein (Type II) from the Laochang deposit, and skarn (Type III) from the Kafang deposit. Types I and II scheelites have low molybdenum (Mo) and strontium (Sr) contents, and Type II scheelite has lower Sr contents than Type I as well as higher Mo and Sr contents than Type III scheelites. Varying Mo contents across the scheelite types suggests that the oxygen fugacity varied during ore accumulation. Type I and Type II scheelites exhibit similar rare earth elements (REE) patterns; Type III scheelite contains lower REE content, particularly HREE, compared with the other scheelites. All scheelites exhibit negative Eu anomalies in the chondrite-normalized REE patterns. As the W-mineralization and two-mica granite share close spatial and temporal relationships, the negative Eu anomalies were likely inherited from the two-mica granite. Type I and Type II scheelites display varied (⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr)_{82 Ma} (0.7090–0.7141) and <i>ε</i>_Nd(82 Ma) (from –9.9 to –5.4) values, similar to those of granite. However, Type III scheelite exhibits lower (⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr)_{82 Ma} (0.7083–0.7087) and lower <i>ε</i>_Nd(82 Ma) (from –10.5 to –6.9) values than the two-mica granite. This indicates that the two-mica granite alone did not provide the ore-forming fluids and metals and that the Type III scheelite ore-forming fluids likely involved external fluids that were probably derived from carbonate rocks. The implication is that highly differentiated two-mica granites were the source of primary W-bearing metals and fluids, which is consistent with earlier research on the origin of Sn ore-forming materials.</p>","PeriodicalId":7095,"journal":{"name":"Acta Geologica Sinica ‐ English Edition","volume":"99 4","pages":"1093-1104"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144923361","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mineralization at Different Structural Levels in the Crust","authors":"Saisai LI,&nbsp;Hongrui ZHANG,&nbsp;Zengqian HOU","doi":"10.1111/1755-6724.15319","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/1755-6724.15319","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Metallogenic research on structural levels can reveal vertical patterns of mineralization and facilitate the deep exploration of economic minerals. However, research focusing on the correlation between structural levels and mineralization remains limited. In this study, we summarize the deformation patterns and associated mineral deposits observed at different crustal levels (i.e., surface, shallow, middle, and deep structural levels, corresponding to depths of &lt;2, 2–8, 8–15, and &gt;15 km, respectively). Furthermore, we examine the genetic association between structural levels and metallogenesis, demonstrating that distinct structural levels are linked to specific types of mineralization. Key factors that vary across crustal levels include temperature, pressure, and fluid circulation. Ore-forming processes involve interactions between structures and fluids under varying temperatures and pressures. Structural levels influence mineralization by controlling the temperatures, pressures, and deformation mechanisms that drive the activation, migration, and enrichment of ore-forming materials.</p>","PeriodicalId":7095,"journal":{"name":"Acta Geologica Sinica ‐ English Edition","volume":"99 4","pages":"1042-1058"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/1755-6724.15319","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144923342","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Geochemistry and Reservoir Characteristics of Jurassic Lacustrine Shale in the Sichuan Basin: Insights from Paleoenvironmental Constraints on Pore Structure","authors":"Delu LI,&nbsp;Haibin LI,&nbsp;Wangpeng LI,&nbsp;Qianyang HE,&nbsp;Qiang SUN,&nbsp;Zilong WANG,&nbsp;Xingzhe WANG,&nbsp;Fei WANG,&nbsp;Cun LIU,&nbsp;Yi GAO","doi":"10.1111/1755-6724.15318","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/1755-6724.15318","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Pore structure directly affects the occurrence and migration of shale hydrocarbon, and the lack of research on the mechanism of the pore structure is an important reason for the hindrance of shale hydrocarbon exploration. By analysing the geochemistry and reservoir characteristics of Jurassic lacustrine shales in Sichuan Basin, this study recovers their paleoenvironments and further discusses paleoenvironmental constraints on pore structure. The results show that the Lower Jurassic lacustrine shales in the Sichuan Basin are in a warm and humid semi-anoxic to anoxic lake environment with high productivity, a strong stagnant environment, and a rapid sedimentation rate, with water depths ranging from about 11.54–55.22 m, and a mixture of type II/III kerogen is developed. In terms of reservoir characteristics, they are dominated by open-slit pores, and the pores are relatively complex. The percentage of mesopores is the highest, while the percentage of macropores is the lowest. Further analysis shows that paleoclimate controls the overall pore complexity and surface relaxation of shales by influencing the weathering rate of mother rocks. Paleoredox conditions control the proportion and complexity of shale pores by influencing TOC content. The research results will provide theoretical basis for improving the exploration efficiency of lacustrine shale resources and expanding exploration target areas.</p>","PeriodicalId":7095,"journal":{"name":"Acta Geologica Sinica ‐ English Edition","volume":"99 4","pages":"1153-1168"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144923360","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A New Eusauropod Dinosaur from the Lower and Middle Jurassic Wangmen Formation of Ningming County, Guangxi, South China","authors":"Jinyou MO,&nbsp;Xiuzhen ZHOU,&nbsp;Qiongyao FU,&nbsp;Duo XIONG,&nbsp;Minhang HU,&nbsp;Xing XU","doi":"10.1111/1755-6724.15331","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/1755-6724.15331","url":null,"abstract":"<p>We report a new eusauropod dinosaur, <i>Huashanosaurus qini</i> gen. et sp. nov., based on a partial skeleton recovered from a bed in the Lower to Middle Jurassic Wangmen Formation (Fm.) from Huqiu Quarry near Mingjiang River, Ningming County, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, southern China. The new taxon can be diagnosed by the following autapomorphies: posterior process of the ulna hook-shaped; the cross-section of the proximal part of the ulna crescent-shaped; groove structure present at the posterodistal surface of the fibula. Phylogenetic analysis reveals that <i>H. qini</i> is later-diverging than the Middle Jurassic <i>Shunosaurus.</i> Previous work showed that the Wangmen Fm. is early Early Jurassic in age whereas the new eusauropod discovery indicates that the Wangmen Fm. is probably somewhat younger Early–Middle Jurassic in age. The find increases the diversity of Jurassic eusauropods in China.</p>","PeriodicalId":7095,"journal":{"name":"Acta Geologica Sinica ‐ English Edition","volume":"99 4","pages":"909-924"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144923617","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Structural Deformation and Genetic Mechanism of Qinghe Gneiss Dome in the Altai Orogen, Western China","authors":"Zengchan DONG,&nbsp;Rengang XI,&nbsp;Bo CHEN,&nbsp;Kai WANG,&nbsp;Feng PAN,&nbsp;Botao HUANG","doi":"10.1111/1755-6724.15332","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/1755-6724.15332","url":null,"abstract":"<p>As a highly coupled aggregate of tectonism, magmatism, and metamorphism, a gneiss dome is usually taken as a vital window for understanding the crustal internal structure and the exchange of material and energy during orogenic exhumation. The Qinghe gneiss dome located in the eastern Chinese Altai orogen, lies in Qinghe County, Xinjiang, records important information of late accretionary orogeny associated with continental uplift and crustal growth. According to the field investigation, the dome shows core–mantle–margin domains, in which the core is composed of migmatized granite and gneiss, the mantle consists of banded gneiss, schist, and leptynite, and the margin has rock assemblages of phyllite, schist, and meta-sandstone. From the margin to the core, the dome can be divided into chlorite–sericite, andalusite–staurolite, sillimanite–biotite, and sillimanite–garnet metamorphic zones, recording progressive metamorphism. Detailed structural analyses in the Qinghe gneiss dome indicate progressive deformation from the margin to the core. Internal and external detachment faults are clarified, with the former characterized by inflow and outward migration of crustal material and the latter marked by brittle-ductile deformation with a lineation indicating lateral slip of the upper wall when the dome uplifted. Based on these faults, upper, middle, lower structural layers are observed from the outer to inner domains of the dome. Considering the general geological background and new data, the Qinghe gneiss dome probably predominantly underwent early ductile shear deformation and late heat-flow diapirism in the early Permian, closely related to upwelling of asthenosphere mantle that resulted from slab break-off in the extensional tectonic setting.</p>","PeriodicalId":7095,"journal":{"name":"Acta Geologica Sinica ‐ English Edition","volume":"99 4","pages":"925-941"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144923618","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Early Paleozoic Bimodal Magmatism Documents the Transition from Collisional to Extensional Tectonics within the Central Himalaya","authors":"Zhiqiang YIN,&nbsp;Longqiang LIU,&nbsp;Xiaochun LÜ,&nbsp;Nan LI,&nbsp;Lidong ZHU,&nbsp;Qiang LIU,&nbsp;Erjia HA","doi":"10.1111/1755-6724.15300","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/1755-6724.15300","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The tectonic setting of the Himalaya during the Early Paleozoic has been a subject of enduring debate within the scientific community. Newly discovered bimodal intrusive rocks from comprehensive field geological investigation in the central mountain range were subjected to petrology, zircon U-Pb geochronology, zircon Hf isotopes and whole-rock geochemistry analyses. The Palie bimodal intrusive rocks, comprising amphibolite and granitic gneiss, were formed at ∼489 Ma. The amphibolite exhibits geochemical characteristics consistent with N-MORB, while the granitic gneiss is classified as high potassium calc-alkaline peraluminous S-type granite. Both igneous rocks exhibit negative zircon <i>ε</i>_Hf(<i>t</i>) values and display ancient <i>T</i>_DM^C ages. In conjunction with regional geological survey findings, it can be inferred that the formation of the Palie bimodal intrusive rocks occurred within a post-collision extensional tectonic setting. The amphibolite genesis involved partial melting of an enriched lithospheric mantle with some crustal assimilation, whereas the origin of the granitic gneiss can be attributed to partial melting of pre-existing felsic crust. Our data indicate that during the Early Paleozoic, the Himalaya underwent a transition from a pan-African collisional setting to post-collisional extensional tectonics.</p>","PeriodicalId":7095,"journal":{"name":"Acta Geologica Sinica ‐ English Edition","volume":"99 3","pages":"679-692"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144514991","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Lithostratigraphy and Microfacies Analysis of the Govanda Formation (Early–Middle Miocene) in the Sherwan Mazin Area, Kurdistan Region, NE Iraq","authors":"Arkan O. SHARAZWRI,&nbsp;Bzhar A. DELIZY","doi":"10.1111/1755-6724.15314","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/1755-6724.15314","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The Govanda Formation was deposited during the Miocene in the intermontane areas between the Zagros suture and imbricate zones. The Govanda Formation was studied in the Sherwan Mazin area within Mergasor district, Erbil Governorate to identify the lithostratigraphy and microfacies analysis in order to determine the depositional environment of the formation. The formation in the studied section is 116 m thick and mainly consists of reddish-brown, hard, thick-bedded, chert-bearing conglomerate, pinkish shale and yellowish-grey, thick-bedded, detrital, fossiliferous limestone. The formation is unconformably underlain by the Upper Cretaceous Tanjero Formation and conformably overlain by the Merga Red Beds series. Four different lithostratigraphic units were identified, based on field observation and petrographic analysis, including a basal conglomerate unit (A), a shale unit (B), a well-bedded limestone unit (C) and a thick and massively-bedded limestone unit (D). The presence of a thick conglomerate bed at the base of the formation indicates a large unconformity that lasted nearly 40 million years. Based on detailed microfacies analysis of carbonate rocks, five main microfacies and 15 submicrofacies are recognized. The main microfacies types include mudstone, wackestone, packstone, grainstone and boundstone microfacies. Based on the microfacies types the depositional environment are defined as open lagoon, reef, fore-reef and back-reef environments of normal to saline, nutrient rich water.</p>","PeriodicalId":7095,"journal":{"name":"Acta Geologica Sinica ‐ English Edition","volume":"99 3","pages":"667-678"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144514828","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sequence Stratigraphic Division of the Devonian Liujiang Formation Dominated by Silicalites in the Northeastern Part of the Dianqiangui Basin, South China","authors":"Yingjie ZHANG,&nbsp;Wenpan CEN,&nbsp;Yinglun QIN,&nbsp;Chenglong MA,&nbsp;Jiyu CHEN,&nbsp;Wenfang HUANG,&nbsp;Long WANG","doi":"10.1111/1755-6724.15309","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/1755-6724.15309","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Silicalites are extensively developed in the Liujiang Formation (Fm.) of the Frasnian in the Dianqiangui Basin and are often associated with carbonaceous shales. This stratigraphic combination represents a special sequence stratigraphy formed in special deep-water environments, which not only gives the shales unusual spatio-temporal distribution features, but also induces the shales in the Liujiang Fm. to frequently be rich in organic matter (OM). This study summarises the special deep-water sedimentary succession of the Liujiang Fm., which is mainly distributed around synsedimentary faults, as well as establishing the sequence stratigraphic frameworks of the Liujiang Fm. in the west–east and southwest–northeast directions. Under the sequence stratigraphic frameworks, the spatio-temporal distribution features of the organic-rich shales of the Liujiang Fm. and the regional variations of the Liujiang Fm. were investigated. In addition, the rock components and OM occurrence states of the organic-rich shales were also observed and described in detail under the microscope. The results show that the organic-rich shales were formed temporally primarily during the third-order sea-level falling stage, developed spatially mainly on the east and west sides of the study area, as well as that the OM accumulation is closely related to tentaculitoids and seems to be influenced by a ‘biological pump’.</p>","PeriodicalId":7095,"journal":{"name":"Acta Geologica Sinica ‐ English Edition","volume":"99 3","pages":"646-666"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144514688","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}