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Observations of X-ray in 4-meters long laboratory sparks under positive lightning impulse 正雷击下4米长实验室火花的x射线观测
中国防雷 Pub Date : 2021-09-20 DOI: 10.1109/ICLPandSIPDA54065.2021.9627351
C. Wooi, P. Hettiarachchi, Mahbubur Rahman, V. Cooray, A. Lobato
{"title":"Observations of X-ray in 4-meters long laboratory sparks under positive lightning impulse","authors":"C. Wooi, P. Hettiarachchi, Mahbubur Rahman, V. Cooray, A. Lobato","doi":"10.1109/ICLPandSIPDA54065.2021.9627351","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICLPandSIPDA54065.2021.9627351","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, the observation of X-rays in 4-meters long laboratory sparks is presented for the first time. In this study, a total of 20 standard positive lightning impulse voltages (1.2/50 µs) with measured peak voltages between 3.0 to 3.2 MV were applied across 4-m long horizontal air gap of sphere-sphere configuration with 50-cm spheres. The results show that most of the X-ray emission were detected at about 1–2 µs after the applications of the lightning impulse voltage during the rising part of the voltage or at around the peak of the voltage. Compared to previous shorter gaps studies, the longer air gaps seem leads to a delay in X-ray occurrence time. X-rays appeared at about 1–2 µs after the applications of lightning impulse voltage which is slightly delayed compared to some of the previous shorter gap's studies. This study also finds an increase in the X-ray emission rate and deposited energies of X-rays in the case of higher applied peak voltages. Higher applied peak voltages seemed to change the X-rays appearance time as well. Additionally, multiple peaks X-rays pulses were observed near to the peak of the voltage in this study.","PeriodicalId":70714,"journal":{"name":"中国防雷","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76716328","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Frequency Dependent Resistivity of Soil, Bentonite and Soil-Bentonite Mixes: With Special Attention to Electrical Grounding Systems 土壤、膨润土和土壤-膨润土混合物的频率相关电阻率:特别注意电气接地系统
中国防雷 Pub Date : 2021-09-20 DOI: 10.1109/ICLPandSIPDA54065.2021.9627440
R. Sabry, Ashen Gomes, Chandima Gomes
{"title":"Frequency Dependent Resistivity of Soil, Bentonite and Soil-Bentonite Mixes: With Special Attention to Electrical Grounding Systems","authors":"R. Sabry, Ashen Gomes, Chandima Gomes","doi":"10.1109/ICLPandSIPDA54065.2021.9627440","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICLPandSIPDA54065.2021.9627440","url":null,"abstract":"Frequency dependent resistivity of a selected type of soil, bentonite and their mixes by weight have been presented. The main objective is to provide the much-needed information for the industrial usage of bentonite-based backfilling materials in conjunction with electrical grounding systems. As expected the resistivity decreases with both the moisture content and frequency. However, for all materials, the decrement in resistivity with moisture content (by weight) at a given frequency is more prominent than that with frequency at a given moisture level. At a given frequency, the percentage drop-in resistivity of sand between 0 % (dry material) and 10% of moisture content is above 99%. At a given moisture content, the resistivity of soil shows a marked reduction from 0 Hz (steady state) to about 0.6 kHz. The resistivity remains at steady value from 0.6 kHz to about 1 kHz and then varies in a slow downward ramp. It attains rather insignificant variation after about 10 kHz and level of around 100 kHz. Bentonite and soil-bentonite mixes also show similar variation of resistivity. However, the absolute resistivity of bentonite is much less than that of soil at all frequencies and moisture contents. Mixing of bentonite, even in relatively small quantities, such as 25%, could achieve appreciable reduction in resistivity of backfilling materials in practical electrical earthing systems.","PeriodicalId":70714,"journal":{"name":"中国防雷","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83060812","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Streamer-to-leader transition in a sphere-to-plane air gap tested with switching impulses 用开关脉冲测试球到平面气隙中的流带到先导的过渡
中国防雷 Pub Date : 2021-09-20 DOI: 10.1109/ICLPandSIPDA54065.2021.9627335
O. Diaz, L. Arevalo
{"title":"Streamer-to-leader transition in a sphere-to-plane air gap tested with switching impulses","authors":"O. Diaz, L. Arevalo","doi":"10.1109/ICLPandSIPDA54065.2021.9627335","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICLPandSIPDA54065.2021.9627335","url":null,"abstract":"Atmospheric air has been used during decades as main insulating media in the development of larger electric energy systems. The complexity of the many physical processes involved in the breakdown of air as insulating material, include different stages: the corona inception, streamer-to-leader transition, and leader propagation. These stages are accompanied with different levels of optical radiation and changes in the measured voltage and current across the air gap. During the first stages, low currents and transient events like the fast-current impulses occurring at the corona inception and at the streamer-to-leader transition, can be detected. In this paper we aim to analyze the results of a measurement campaign done at a high voltage laboratory while testing a sphere-to-plane electrode configuration with positive switching voltage impulses, recording voltage, current and fast/still camera images. The measured current impulses were compared with numerical simulations done for the estimation of electric charge produced at the leader-corona region, required to achieve the streamer-to-leader transition.","PeriodicalId":70714,"journal":{"name":"中国防雷","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73240218","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 3
An Investigation into the Effect of the Probabilistic Distribution of Lightning Current Amplitude on a Transmission Line Backflashover Rate 雷电电流幅值概率分布对传输线反闪率影响的研究
中国防雷 Pub Date : 2021-09-20 DOI: 10.1109/ICLPandSIPDA54065.2021.9627406
Daiane Conceição, I. Lopes, R. Alípio
{"title":"An Investigation into the Effect of the Probabilistic Distribution of Lightning Current Amplitude on a Transmission Line Backflashover Rate","authors":"Daiane Conceição, I. Lopes, R. Alípio","doi":"10.1109/ICLPandSIPDA54065.2021.9627406","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICLPandSIPDA54065.2021.9627406","url":null,"abstract":"Probability distributions of the lightning current amplitude plays an important role on the estimation of transmission lines lightning performance. In this paper, an assessment is made of the effect of two probability functions, related to lightning current waves representative of the lightning activity recorded at Mount San Salvatore (MSS) and Morro do Cachimbo Station (MCS), on the backflashover rate of a 230-kV transmission line. The Alternative Transient Program (ATP) is used to obtain the resulting overvoltages across line insulators and the disruptive effect model is taken into account to compute the critical current value and the line outage rate. The results show that, depending on the critical current level, the probability function considered may lead to significant differences in the lightning performance estimation.","PeriodicalId":70714,"journal":{"name":"中国防雷","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76551170","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 4
An Original Setup to Measure Grounding Resistances Using Auxiliary Circuits Buried Vertically in the Ground 一种利用垂直埋在地下的辅助电路测量接地电阻的原始装置
中国防雷 Pub Date : 2021-09-20 DOI: 10.1109/ICLPandSIPDA54065.2021.9627482
J. Paulino, C. Caetano, C. Barbosa, M. F. Guimarães
{"title":"An Original Setup to Measure Grounding Resistances Using Auxiliary Circuits Buried Vertically in the Ground","authors":"J. Paulino, C. Caetano, C. Barbosa, M. F. Guimarães","doi":"10.1109/ICLPandSIPDA54065.2021.9627482","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICLPandSIPDA54065.2021.9627482","url":null,"abstract":"Considering that grounding systems must be evaluated periodically by measuring their grounding resistance and that many of these systems are found in places whose neighborhood is congested, making it difficult or even impossible to use measuring leads in the external environment, a measurement innovative methodology is proposed to mitigate this problem. This paper presents a preliminary analysis of the feasibility of measuring grounding resistances using the auxiliary circuits buried vertically in the ground. Measurements on a reduced model using the auxiliary circuits vertically buried in the ground and a theoretical analysis of the problem are presented.","PeriodicalId":70714,"journal":{"name":"中国防雷","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80695965","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Preliminary Study on A Lightning Location Algorithm with Voronoi Diagram as the Constraint for Nonlinear Optimization 基于Voronoi图约束的非线性优化闪电定位算法的初步研究
中国防雷 Pub Date : 2021-09-20 DOI: 10.1109/ICLPandSIPDA54065.2021.9627451
Yu Wang, S. Gu, Gang Meng, Jian Li, Z.-Q. Feng, Chang-sheng Li
{"title":"Preliminary Study on A Lightning Location Algorithm with Voronoi Diagram as the Constraint for Nonlinear Optimization","authors":"Yu Wang, S. Gu, Gang Meng, Jian Li, Z.-Q. Feng, Chang-sheng Li","doi":"10.1109/ICLPandSIPDA54065.2021.9627451","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICLPandSIPDA54065.2021.9627451","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, we propose a lightning location algorithm with the Voronoi diagram as the constraint for nonlinear optimization. From the open literature, this is the first time the Voronoi diagram concept is introduced to address the lightning location problem. The Voronoi diagram is employed to identify the station closest to the source and determine a small region (Voronoi cell) that contained the source. Through such a step, the location of the source is dramatically narrowed down to a subregion within which the constraint nonlinear optimization method is then used to estimate the accurate location of the source. A simple simulation, assuming a distributed network and a single lightning source, is conducted to assess the algorithm. A comparison with the conventional algorithms suggests promising integration of the Voronoi diagram into the lightning location technique.","PeriodicalId":70714,"journal":{"name":"中国防雷","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80631843","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Research on Lightning Rod initial Stage of Streamer Formation under Positive Polarity Thundercloud 正极性雷雨云下流光形成的避雷针初始阶段研究
中国防雷 Pub Date : 2021-09-20 DOI: 10.1109/ICLPandSIPDA54065.2021.9627414
Zicheng Li, Guohua Yang
{"title":"Research on Lightning Rod initial Stage of Streamer Formation under Positive Polarity Thundercloud","authors":"Zicheng Li, Guohua Yang","doi":"10.1109/ICLPandSIPDA54065.2021.9627414","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICLPandSIPDA54065.2021.9627414","url":null,"abstract":"This paper discusses the lightning discharge initiation process under positive polarity thundercloud, and the analyzed formation process of streamer discharge. The dynamic spatial distribution of the concentrations of electrons, positive ions and electron thermal energy are obtained. The influences to the electric field added by the action of the electron concentration combined with the positive ions are calculated. By analyzing the results, the distribution of electron thermal energy is not according with that of high electron density.","PeriodicalId":70714,"journal":{"name":"中国防雷","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86575045","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Experiments lifting vertical wires with drones to study wind turbines current induction and charging 用无人机吊起垂直电线，研究风力涡轮机的电流感应和充电
中国防雷 Pub Date : 2021-09-20 DOI: 10.1109/ICLPandSIPDA54065.2021.9627430
P. Fontanes, J. Montanyà, M. Arcanjo, M. Urbani
{"title":"Experiments lifting vertical wires with drones to study wind turbines current induction and charging","authors":"P. Fontanes, J. Montanyà, M. Arcanjo, M. Urbani","doi":"10.1109/ICLPandSIPDA54065.2021.9627430","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICLPandSIPDA54065.2021.9627430","url":null,"abstract":"A series of experiments lifting vertical wires with drones under fair weather conditions have been performed in order to study induced currents on tall structures such as wind turbines and charging phenomena on floating conductors like wind turbines with spark-gap isolated blades. Results show that blade tips altitude change at certain speed along with point discharge are key factors for the current induction on wind turbines. Additionally, deployment of vertical conductors in an electrified environment shares some similarities with bidirectional lightning leaders and the return stroke processes when they contact ground.","PeriodicalId":70714,"journal":{"name":"中国防雷","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86453233","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Computation of Surge Voltage in Transmission Tower Located Above Frequency-Dependent Soil 频率依赖性土壤上输电塔浪涌电压的计算
中国防雷 Pub Date : 2021-09-20 DOI: 10.1109/ICLPandSIPDA54065.2021.9627388
A. R. Justo de Araújo, Walter L. Manzi de Azevedo, J. Filho, Jaimis Saiid Leon Colqui, Sérgio Kurokawa, B. Kordi
{"title":"Computation of Surge Voltage in Transmission Tower Located Above Frequency-Dependent Soil","authors":"A. R. Justo de Araújo, Walter L. Manzi de Azevedo, J. Filho, Jaimis Saiid Leon Colqui, Sérgio Kurokawa, B. Kordi","doi":"10.1109/ICLPandSIPDA54065.2021.9627388","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICLPandSIPDA54065.2021.9627388","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of this paper is to investigate the influence of frequency-dependent soils with variable soil content on the transient voltages at transmission towers. First, a comparative analysis between the impedance of tower-footing grounding rods buried in frequency-independent and frequency-dependent soils is carried. Then, the performance of ground potential rise (GPR) subjected to two types of lightning currents (first and subsequent return strokes) is studied. In a second part, these grounding rods are connected into a single-circuit transmission tower where the admittance of the structure located on frequency-independent and frequency-dependent soil is computed. The surge voltages generated by the two lightning currents are studied for these two types of soil. The frequency-domain responses are computed using the numerical method of Moments based on Electric Field Integral Equations in a frequency range from 100 Hz up to 10 MHz. Numerical results demonstrate that the frequency dependency of soil electrical parameters results in a modification of the rod impedance, especially at high frequencies. As a consequence, when the frequency-dependent soil is considered, a reduction at the transient voltage peaks is obtained compared with those calculated for a frequency-independent soil. This reduction is more pronounced when the transmission tower is located on the soil of high resistivity and subjected to a subsequent return stroke due to its higher energy at the high frequencies.","PeriodicalId":70714,"journal":{"name":"中国防雷","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83237730","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Experimental Study of the Lightning Stroke to GFRP Material of Wind Turbines 风电机组玻璃钢材料雷击试验研究
中国防雷 Pub Date : 2021-09-20 DOI: 10.1109/ICLPandSIPDA54065.2021.9627472
Yang Zhao, Yao Zhang
{"title":"Experimental Study of the Lightning Stroke to GFRP Material of Wind Turbines","authors":"Yang Zhao, Yao Zhang","doi":"10.1109/ICLPandSIPDA54065.2021.9627472","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICLPandSIPDA54065.2021.9627472","url":null,"abstract":"In order to investigate the damage of Glass Fiber Reinforced Polymer (GFRP) material used in the blades and nacelles of wind turbines from lightning strokes, this paper provides an experimental study with impulse current generator (ICG) and three different configurations of GFRP plate in a highvoltage lab. The first configuration of GRPF plates is with lightning receptors and embedded down-conductors. The second configuration of GRPF plates is with only embedded down-conductors. The third configuration is just pure GFRP material without any Lightning Protection System (LPS). The results show that the lightning receptor and down-conductor can lead the large lightning current to the ground. If there is no receptor and the embedded down-conductor is directly struck, the GFRP material and embedded down-conductor will burst and burn. If the lightning strike at a pure GFRP plate without receptors and down-conductors, the plate will also burst and burn. The coating material of the GFRP plate will influence the burning time.","PeriodicalId":70714,"journal":{"name":"中国防雷","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81964593","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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