现代水文学期刊(英文)最新文献_第9页

A Diagnostic Approach towards the Causes of Energy Balance Closure Problem 能量平衡关闭问题原因的诊断方法

现代水文学期刊(英文) Pub Date : 2016-04-06 DOI: 10.4236/OJMH.2016.62009

A. Varmaghani, W. Eichinger, J. Prueger

{"title":"A Diagnostic Approach towards the Causes of Energy Balance Closure Problem","authors":"A. Varmaghani, W. Eichinger, J. Prueger","doi":"10.4236/OJMH.2016.62009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/OJMH.2016.62009","url":null,"abstract":"Hydrometeorological models are often evaluated and optimized on the basis of micrometeorological measurements. However, it has been known for more than three decades that surface measurements of sensible and latent heat energy (LE) are systematically underestimated. We studied this problem using six years of eddy-correlation measurements for four fields (corn, soybean, and prairie) in central Iowa, USA. We recorded major components of the energy equation (i.e. net radiation, sensible heat flux, LE, and soil heat flux, photosynthesis), and indirectly estimated most of the minor components of energy balance (namely storage in the soil, canopy and air). Storage in the canopy was related to leaf area index (LAI) acquired from Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectrometer (MODIS). In this paper, a diagnostic approach is investigated where systematic error is identified first. Three dimensional (3D) plots of the residual of energy equation vs. potential variables indicated the imbalance was largest mainly during the cold non-growing season when the soil was dry. Correlations between energy balance residual (EBR) and energy components showed that soil storage was not precisely estimated. Finally, an a-posteriori analysis (constrained linear multiple regression (CMLR)) was conducted to quantify the contribution of major/minor components of the energy equation towards EBR. The result highlights that the contribution of pertinent components of energy to EBR is mainly controlled by prevailing monthly hydrometeorological conditions; however, precise quantification of causes of imbalance is site-specific. A comparison between the a-posteriori analysis technique and the Bowen-ratio method demonstrates that the Bowen-ratio basically presumes a higher level of underestimation in LE. The results obtained in this study suggest that a-posteriori analysis may offer a superior methodology to correct measured eddy-correlation measurements. Furthermore, the overall trends in the correction of LE measurements suggest that there is a potential for rough monthly corrections of LE, irrespective of the type of crop.","PeriodicalId":70695,"journal":{"name":"现代水文学期刊(英文)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-04-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70314440","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 7

Assessment of the Sensitivity of Streamflow Simulations to Changes in Patch Resolution Using GIS Based Hydro-Ecologic Model 基于GIS水文生态模型的河流模拟对斑块分辨率变化的敏感性评估

现代水文学期刊(英文) Pub Date : 2016-04-06 DOI: 10.4236/OJMH.2016.62007

S. Mengistu, Melkamu Ali, Fuad Yassin

引用次数: 3

The Impact of EL-NINO/Southern Oscillation (ENSO) on Fishery and Water Quality in Lake Kinneret (Israel) EL-NINO/南方涛动(ENSO)对以色列Kinneret湖渔业和水质的影响

现代水文学期刊(英文) Pub Date : 2016-04-06 DOI: 10.4236/OJMH.2016.62005

M. Gophen

引用次数: 7

Flash Flood Risk Estimation of Wadi Yutum (Southern Jordan) Watershed Using GIS Based Morphometric Analysis and Remote Sensing Techniques 基于GIS形态计量分析和遥感技术的Wadi Yutum(约旦南部)流域山洪风险评估

现代水文学期刊(英文) Pub Date : 2016-04-06 DOI: 10.4236/OJMH.2016.62008

Y. Farhan, Omar Anaba

{"title":"Flash Flood Risk Estimation of Wadi Yutum (Southern Jordan) Watershed Using GIS Based Morphometric Analysis and Remote Sensing Techniques","authors":"Y. Farhan, Omar Anaba","doi":"10.4236/OJMH.2016.62008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/OJMH.2016.62008","url":null,"abstract":"Flash flood disasters associated with heavy rainstorms are common in dry lands of Jordan. This causes inestimable damage to life and infrastructure. In the present investigation, flash floods were assessed in Wadi Yutum watershed, southern Jordan. Assessment was conducted using remote sensing and GIS techniques, combined with geological and geomorphic field data to evaluate the probability of flooding risk spatially. Two methods were used to assess the flooding risk for seventeen sub-basins of W. Yutum: the morphometric ranking method; and El-Shamy’s approach. Both methods utilized twenty morphometric parameters of paramount interest for flash flood risk estimation. The results achieved based on the two methods enabled identification of sub-basins with a high potential of flash flooding, and served to reveal the common sub-basins falling under each category of flooding risk. Morphometric analysis and GIS were employed to produce flood hazard maps which displayed sub-basins exposed to harmful flooding in Wadi Yutum. The adopted methodology can be applied to estimate flooding risk in other comparable watersheds and region in Jordan. Further, preparedness measures can be proposed in a timely manner in order to minimize destructive flood effects.","PeriodicalId":70695,"journal":{"name":"现代水文学期刊(英文)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-04-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70314258","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 27

Using the Markov Chain for the Generation of Monthly Rainfall Series in a Semi-Arid Zone 利用马尔可夫链生成半干旱区月降水序列

现代水文学期刊(英文) Pub Date : 2016-04-06 DOI: 10.4236/OJMH.2016.62006

Mouelhi Safouane, Nemri Saida, Jebari Sihem, Slimani Mohamed

引用次数: 3

Spatio-Temporal Variation Analysis of Precipitation during 1960-2008 in the Poyang Lake Basin, China 1960—2008年鄱阳湖流域降水时空变化分析

现代水文学期刊(英文) Pub Date : 2016-04-06 DOI: 10.4236/OJMH.2016.62010

Lifeng Yuan, Guishan Yang, Hengpeng Li, Zeng-xin Zhang

{"title":"Spatio-Temporal Variation Analysis of Precipitation during 1960-2008 in the Poyang Lake Basin, China","authors":"Lifeng Yuan, Guishan Yang, Hengpeng Li, Zeng-xin Zhang","doi":"10.4236/OJMH.2016.62010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/OJMH.2016.62010","url":null,"abstract":"Long-term monthly precipitation data from 1960 to 2008 at 17 rain stations are analyzed to explore spatio-temporal variation of the seasonal and annual precipitation in the Poyang Lake basin, China, using anomaly analysis, simple linear regressive technique, Mann-Kendall trend test and Continuous Wavelet Transform. The results indicate that: (1) increasing precipitation trend is observed in summer and winter, while decreasing precipitation trend is identified in spring and autumn, and the above mentioned precipitation trends are not statistically significant; (2) changing trend of the areal average annual precipitation is non-significantly increasing, and increasing trend happens in almost the whole basin except in western and south-eastern small parts; (3) the spatial distribution of the seasonal and annual precipitation anomalies between 1991-2008 and 1960-2008 is similar to that of seasonal and annual precipitation trend during 1960-2008; (4) three main time-frequency distributions are observed in annual precipitation series during 1960- 2008, and they are 18 - 26 years, 8 - 14 years and 2 - 8 years, respectively; accordingly, there are three main periods in annual precipitation series, and they are 11-year, 22-year and 5-year respectively. This result will be helpful for further research on availability, scientific management and assessment of the water resources of the Poyang Lake basin.","PeriodicalId":70695,"journal":{"name":"现代水文学期刊(英文)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-04-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70314494","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 6

Impact of Global Warming on Intensity-Duration-Frequency (IDF) Relationship of Precipitation: A Case Study of Toronto, Canada 全球变暖对降水强度-持续时间-频率(IDF)关系的影响——以加拿大多伦多为例

现代水文学期刊(英文) Pub Date : 2016-01-12 DOI: 10.4236/OJMH.2016.61001

E. Carlier, J. E. Khattabi

引用次数: 4

Floodplain Delineation Using HECRAS Model—A Case Study of Surat City 利用HECRAS模型圈定河漫滩——以苏拉特市为例

现代水文学期刊(英文) Pub Date : 2016-01-12 DOI: 10.4236/OJMH.2016.61004

Chandresh G. Patel, P. Gundaliya

引用次数: 19

Chemical, Hydrological and Climatological Properties of Lake Agmon, Hula Valley (Israel), (1994-2006) 以色列呼拉谷阿格蒙湖化学、水文和气候特征(1994-2006)

现代水文学期刊(英文) Pub Date : 2016-01-12 DOI: 10.4236/OJMH.2016.61002

M. Gophen, M. Meron, Y. Tsipris, Valerie Orlov-Levin, Mordechay Peres

引用次数: 9

Climate Change Impact on Aquifer System of Essaouira Basin during the Past 4 Decades (Morocco) 近40年气候变化对索维拉盆地含水层系统的影响(摩洛哥)

现代水文学期刊(英文) Pub Date : 2016-01-12 DOI: 10.4236/OJMH.2016.61003

S. Ouhamdouch, M. Bahir, P. Carreira, N. Chkir, A. Goumih, H. Chamchati

{"title":"Climate Change Impact on Aquifer System of Essaouira Basin during the Past 4 Decades (Morocco)","authors":"S. Ouhamdouch, M. Bahir, P. Carreira, N. Chkir, A. Goumih, H. Chamchati","doi":"10.4236/OJMH.2016.61003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/OJMH.2016.61003","url":null,"abstract":"Since the 50s, many changes are observed in the climate of the globe, the warming of the atmosphere and the ocean, the decrease in the extent of snow and ice, and rising sea levels. In addition to the demographic pressure, the Maghreb countries are suffering from the drought, which accentuates the phenomenon of desertification and soil erosion, as well as their salinity, which leads to the salinization and depletion of water resources. In Morocco, the climate change leads to the erosion of the soil under the effect of desertification resulting in siltation of reservoirs and the increased salinization of soil and water resources. The Essaouira basin, which is the subject of this study, is located at the Western extremity of the High Atlas to the Southeast of the Essaouira city; between 31°20' to 31°30'N and between 9°00' to 9°46'W. The basin is characterized by a semi-arid climate with average annual rainfall of around 300 mm·year-1 and an average temperature of 20°C. Considering the importance of the aquifer in Essaouira in the supply of the region's groundwater, a study was conducted to assess quantitatively and qualitatively the impact of climate change on water resources in this area. The aquifers present in this region are one of cenomano-turonian upstream and plio-quaternary downstream, separated by the diaper of Tidzi. A piezometric map of the basin was made (1990-2009) and the hydrochemical method of the waters shows that they present a facies Na-Cl with an electrical conductivity ranging from 700 to 7000 μs/cm. The isotopic tracers like 18O, 2H, 3H and 14C were analyzed to determine the age of groundwater, and a right local meteoric close to the right meteoric world characterizing the precipitation of oceanic origin has been determined. The Essaouira basin turns out to be very vulnerable and sensitive to climate change because its recharge is entirely dependent on the rainwater. These results should be taken in consideration for the future water management in the region.","PeriodicalId":70695,"journal":{"name":"现代水文学期刊(英文)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-01-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70313998","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 4