Acta anaesthesiologica Belgica最新文献

{"title":"Feasibility of sedation with sevoflurane inhalation via AnaConDa for Covid-19 patients under venovenous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation","authors":"P. Paccaud, M. Dechamps, L. Jacquet","doi":"10.56126/71.4.4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56126/71.4.4","url":null,"abstract":"Critical care centers around the world have faced a shortage of intravenous sedatives caused by the coronavirus pandemic. Many patients infected with SARS-CoV-2 virus develop severe Acute Respiratory Distress syndrome (ARDS) for which some of them are supported by extra corporeal membrane oxygenation. Under these circumstances, the pharmacokinetics of the sedatives is modified. We observed that many of our COVID-19 infected patients receiving Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenator (ECMO) require high doses of intravenous drugs. Continuous sedation with halogenated gases in the intensive care unit has shown many benefits on systemic inflammation and offers the possibility of a rapid recovery of consciousness. In this article we describe 3 cases that show the feasibility of sedation with sevoflurane via AnaConDa (Sedana Medical AB, Danderyd, Sweden) for Covid-19 patients under ECMO. Halogenated drugs could be considered as an interesting alternative to intravenous sedatives especially in the context of drug shortage.","PeriodicalId":7024,"journal":{"name":"Acta anaesthesiologica Belgica","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42076545","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ultrasound transversus abdominis plane (TAP) block versus local infiltration analgesia for acute and chronic postoperative pain control after laparoscopic bilateral hernia repair : a single-center randomized controlled trial","authors":"M. Hosni, J. P. Soulios, D. Francart","doi":"10.56126/71.4.2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56126/71.4.2","url":null,"abstract":"Background : we compared the efficacy of transversus abdominis plane (TAP) block versus local infiltration on acute and chronic pain after a first laparoscopic surgical treatment of bilateral inguinal hernia performed in a day hospital.\u0000\u0000Methods : In this randomized, prospective, double-blind study, we studied 52 patients scheduled for lapa-roscopic bilateral hernia repair. The patients were randomly allocated to receive local infiltration (group 1) or a TAP block (group 2). The surgeon locally injected the patients in group 1 with a solution of 20 mL of 0.5 levo- bupivacaine. An ultrasound-guided injection of 40 mL 0.25 levobupivacaine was administered to the patients in group 2 by the anesthesiologist. The pain score was assessed using a numeric rating scale at the arrival in the recovery room, one hour after surgery and 6 hours (H+6) after arrival at the recovery room. Subsequently, the pain was assessed 24 hours (H+24), 3 weeks (D21) and 3 months (M3) after surgery.\u0000\u0000Results : We observed significant differences in terms of pain at H+6 and at H+24 in favor of the TAP block group. However, there was no significant difference between both groups in postoperative pain after 3 weeks (D21) or after 3 months (M3).\u0000\u0000Conclusions : In our study, we observed a significant difference in terms of pain in favor of TAP block versus local infiltration, during the first 24 hours after a first laparoscopic treatment of inguinal hernia. We did not find any significant difference on chronic pain.","PeriodicalId":7024,"journal":{"name":"Acta anaesthesiologica Belgica","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46694685","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Preoperative assessment of expectations, anxiety and preferences for anesthesia in patients undergoing ambulatory knee arthroscopic surgery","authors":"P. Verelst, M. Verstraeten, N. Tulkens, T. Maertens","doi":"10.56126/71.4.3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56126/71.4.3","url":null,"abstract":"Objective : In this observational study, we aimed at measuring preoperative anxiety and preferences for anesthesia in patients undergoing knee arthroscopic surgery.\u0000\u0000Background : Little is known about preoperative anxieties, expectations and preferences of patients undergoing surgery, for which both spinal or general anesthesia can be provided. Literature shows that spinal anesthesia is associated with lower postoperative co- morbidity and mortality rates as compared to general anesthesia (1-2). Anxiety itself is an important factor influencing patients’ outcome (3).\u0000\u0000Methods : Every patients >18 years old undergoing an ambulatory arthroscopy of the knee in the surgical day care center of the AZ Nikolaas (in Sint-Niklaas and Beveren), was asked preoperatively to fill in a questionnaire. The questionnaire focused both on the patients’ knowledge about and preference of anesthesia, as well as their preoperative anxieties and worries. Patients were asked to score preoperative anxiety on a 5-point anxiety scale for any of 9 aspects/complications of the anesthetic (placement of the IV cannula, spinal puncture, death, awareness, pain, postoperative nausea and vomiting, cognitive impairment, infection, blood loss). During the study period, from January 11/01/ 2019 to 11/06/2019, a total of 806 patients were asked to fill out the questionnaire. 201 of these patients completed the questionnaire and were consequently enrolled in the study. This work has been approved by the Ethics Committee of the AZ Nikolaas on 11/11/2018 and by the Ethics Committee of the University Hospital in Antwerp (UZA) on 19/11/ 2018.\u0000\u0000Results : Seventy-five % of patients had a clear preference for their anesthesia technique. Of these, 2/3 opted for general anesthesia. Patients mainly based their preference on a subjective feeling ; a minority had discussed the choice with their surgeon or general practitioner. Rarely, patients indicated the wish to talk to the anesthesiologist about their choice. Fear for a spinal puncture occurred in 40% of patients (median anxiety score 3/5, range 1-5) and was therefore the most prominent anxiety in this patient population.\u0000\u0000Conclusions : Patients’ greater preference for general over spinal anesthesia was clearly based rather on a subjective than an objective basis. Forty 40% of patients had a substantial fear for spinal puncture. By informing patients about the risks and complications of the different anesthesia techniques, anxiety feelings can probably be alleviated, and a well-judged decision about their anesthesia technique can be made. There is room for improvement in communication and discussion between patients and anesthesiologists about the patients’ choice of anesthesia technique.","PeriodicalId":7024,"journal":{"name":"Acta anaesthesiologica Belgica","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48814095","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Procedural sedation in Belgium : guideline for safe patient care","authors":"M. Van de Velde, I. Barvais, M. Coppens, P. Flamée, J. Jastrowicz, J. Mulier, B. Robu, D. Van Beersel, V. Van Reeth","doi":"10.56126/71.4.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56126/71.4.1","url":null,"abstract":"Guideline produced by the Society for Anesthesia and Resuscitation of Belgium Working Group on Procedural Sedation (SARB-WG-PS).","PeriodicalId":7024,"journal":{"name":"Acta anaesthesiologica Belgica","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47202054","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Anticholinergic symptoms in a patient with a bupropion overdose successfully managed with physostigmine: a case report","authors":"I. Plaetinck, J. Heerman, S. Van de Velde, S. Allaert, A. Kalmar","doi":"10.56126/72.1.7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56126/72.1.7","url":null,"abstract":"We report the case of anticholinergic poisoning in a patient suffering from an overdose of bupropion. The patient presented with bilateral mydriasis, involuntary movements and signs of agitation. Bupropion is commonly used as antidepressant and smoking cessation aid. It inhibits neuronal reuptake of dopamine and norepinephrine and also antagonizes acetylcholine at the level of the nicotinic receptor sites. So far bupropion overdose resulting in symptoms mimicking an anticholinergic syndrome has rarely been reported in literature.\u0000\u0000In this case, one milligram of intravenous physostigmine, an acetylcholinesterase inhibitor, rapidly resolved patient agitation and mydriasis. This case indicates that physostigmine might be used as an antidote to quickly reverse the central and peripheral anticholinergic symptoms in patients with an overdose of bupropion.\u0000Erratum\u0000\u0000This article is the corrected version of the article published in issue 2020/3, pages 137-140. Typos and order of authors have now been corrected. With apologies to the authors.","PeriodicalId":7024,"journal":{"name":"Acta anaesthesiologica Belgica","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45114835","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Robinow Syndrome : an anesthetic challenge and review of literature","authors":"V. Depal, N. Patel, A. Singh, A. Kumar","doi":"10.56126/71.3.7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56126/71.3.7","url":null,"abstract":"Robinow Syndrome is characterized by the presence of mesomelic limb shortening, midfacial hypoplasia, hemivertebrae and genital hypoplasia. Multi- organ involvement including cardiac, renal, vertebral dysfunctions have been described.We here report successful anaesthetic management of 1year old boy posted for ophthalmic procedure.","PeriodicalId":7024,"journal":{"name":"Acta anaesthesiologica Belgica","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48863784","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Reliability of a spot check non-invasive hemoglobin monitoring (SpHb) of the Masimo RAD-67™ and the HemoCue® for anemia screening","authors":"W. Baulig, U. Eichenberger, O. Theusinger","doi":"10.56126/71.3.4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56126/71.3.4","url":null,"abstract":"Background : To test the reliability of the spot check Masimo Rad-67 (Masimo Corp., Irvine, CA, USA) as part of a preoperative anemia screening, hemoglobin measurements were compared to those of the HemoCue® Hb 201+ System (HemoCue AB, Ängelholm, Sweden) and the standard laboratory measurement.\u0000\u0000Methods : During preoperative evaluation of patients scheduled for elective orthopedic surgery hemoglobin concentration was simultaneously determined by standard laboratory analysis (HbLab), the HemoCue® Hb 201+ System (HbHemocue) and by Pulse Co-Oximetry using the Masimo Rad-67 (SpHb) with the rainbow® DCI®-mini Sensor (Masimo Corp., Irvine, CA, USA). Linear correlation, agreement (Bland-Altman analysis), sensitivity/specificity and positive/negative prediction values (PPV/NPV) for anemic hemoglobin values were determined. P-values less than 0.05 were considered statistically significant.\u0000\u0000Results : 303 patients were analyzed. Twenty-one patients (12 male and 9 female) had mild or moderate anemia, detected by HbLab. In 20 patients, the HbHemocue, and in 34 patients, the SpHb detected anemia. Linear correlation and mean bias (limits of agreement, LOA) for HbHemocue and HbLab were r = 0.969 and -1.08 (+6.44/-8.60) g/L, and for SpHb and HbLab r = 0.61 and +1.76 (+26.92/-23.4) g/L. Sensitivity/specificity of the HbHemocue to detect anemia in all, male and female patients were 85.0/99.3%, 75.0/100/% and 88.9/98.9/% with a PPV/NPV of 89.5/98.9%, 100/98.0% and 80.0/99.3%, respectively. Sensitivity/specificity of SpHb to detect anemia for all, male and female patients were 71.4%, 93.3%, 75.0/95.2/% and 66.7/91.1%, with a PPV/NPV for all, male and female patients of 44.1/97.8%, 56.3/97.9% and 33.3/97.7%, respectively.\u0000\u0000Conclusions : HbHemocue and HbLab show a strong linear correlation and a good agreement, while linear correlation of SpHb and HbLab is moderate and agreement poor. For both devices, anemia detection is moderate, but the positive prediction value for anemia is much better with the HbHemocue. Both devices reliably detected non-anemic patients.\u0000\u0000Glossary : CO = carbon monoxide ; PPV = positive predicted value ; NPV = negative predicted value ; HbLab = hemoglobin determined by the laboratory ; HbHemocue = hemoglobin determined by the HemoCue device ; SpHb = hemoglobin determined by the Masimo-RAD67 device ; LOA = limits of agreement ; LOS = length of stay ; POC = point of care ; SpO2 = arterial hemoglobin ; PR = pulse rate ; PI = perfusion index ; PVI = plethysmography variability index ; SpCO = carboxyhemoglobin ; SpMet = methemoglobin ; LED = Light Emitting Diodes ; HiCN = hemiglobincyanide ; SLS = Sodium Lauryl Sulphate ; BMI = body mass index ; BT = body temperature ; WHO = World Health Organization ; IQR = interquartile range ; MAP = mean arterial pressure ; HF = heart frequency ; SD = standard deviation\u0000\u0000Key point Summary :\u0000– Question : Is Hb measurement of the Masimo Rad-67 and of the HemoCue reliable?\u0000– Findings : Non-anemic patients are reliab","PeriodicalId":7024,"journal":{"name":"Acta anaesthesiologica Belgica","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47266462","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A survey of anesthetists’ experience and perspectives of perioperative anaphylaxis at an Australian tertiary hospital","authors":"G. Chawla, A. Harrocks, P. Casey, E. McLellan, V. Eley","doi":"10.56126/71.3.5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56126/71.3.5","url":null,"abstract":"Background : Anaphylaxis is a life-threatening emergency that requires prompt recognition and institution of life-saving therapy. Perioperative Anaphylaxis Management Guidelines have been developed by the Australian and New Zealand College of Anaesthetists and Australian and New Zealand Anaesthetic Allergy Group and anesthetic societies worldwide to facilitate diagnosis and management of this rare, but severe complication.\u0000\u0000Objectives : To perform a cross-sectional survey of the anesthetists’ experience of perioperative anaphylaxis at a single centre and its effect on their practice.\u0000\u0000Design : Survey questionnaire constructed in Survey Monkey® and sent via e-mail link to all anesthetists. This questionnaire included qualitative and quantitative questions.\u0000\u0000Setting : Royal Brisbane and Women’s Hospital, a tertiary referral hospital in Queensland.\u0000\u0000Methods : Anesthetic specialists and provisional fellows at The Royal Brisbane and Women’s Hospital were surveyed using an online platform regarding their experiences of managing anaphylaxis, referral for testing, formal incident reporting and knowledge of existing departmental protocol. We also asked if their experience of anaphylaxis modified their clinical practice.\u0000\u0000Results : Forty-five out of 102 (44%) of the specialists and provisional fellows surveyed responded. Of these, 17 (38%) had been involved as primary anesthetist and 20 (44.5%) indirectly in at least one suspected case of perioperative anaphylaxis in the past 12-months. Most anesthetists were aware of the resources available in this crisis and appropriate referral for testing had occurred. There was poor local and national reporting of anaphylaxis as a critical incident.\u0000\u0000Conclusion : A large percentage of the anesthetists surveyed had seen a case of perioperative anaphylaxis in the past year. Managing this life-threatening event has led to practice change for many anesthetists. There is a requirement for further education around incident reporting.","PeriodicalId":7024,"journal":{"name":"Acta anaesthesiologica Belgica","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44391430","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Regional anesthesia combined with virtual reality hypnosis for extended orthopedic surgery: two case reports","authors":"L. De Schrijver, L. Sermeus, S. Maes, H. Camerlynck, S. Morrison","doi":"10.56126/71.3.8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56126/71.3.8","url":null,"abstract":"Background : Virtual reality hypnosis is a combination of visual immersion in a virtual reality environment and clinical hypnosis. It can be used in addition to conventional techniques, for sedation and pain management during wound care. Patients undergoing painful and long-lasting procedures under regional anesthesia could also benefit, from this technique alleviating the need for sedative-hypnotic medication.\u0000\u0000Case presentation : Two patients with relative contra- indications for general anesthesia underwent lengthy orthopedic surgery of the upper limbs under regional anesthesia with additional virtual reality hypnosis. Written informed consent was obtained from both patients before surgery. A 69-year-old man, with a previous medical history of severe symptomatic aortic valve stenosis (ѳ 0.69cm2, max/mean gradient of 91/58mmHg) sustained a proximal humerus fracture-dislocation and was scheduled to undergo shoulder hemi-arthroplasty. Anesthesia was provided with ultrasound-guided continuous interscalene block at the C5-C6 level (11mL levobupivacaine 0.5%) combined with a single-shot superficial cervical plexus block (6mL levobupivacaine 0.5%). The second case was a 56-year-old man suffering from rheumatoid arthritis with severe restrictive lung function due to interstitial lung disease and bilateral bronchiectasis. He received a unilateral elbow prosthesis.\u0000\u0000Continuous infra-clavicular brachial plexus block, per- formed under ultrasound guidance was provided (20 mL mepivacaine 1.5%). Both patients required prolonged immobilization on the operating table. We used virtual reality hypnosis to induce sedation and improve comfort without using medication. This was provided by headphones and head-mounted goggles, showing computer generated images of underwater scenes (Aqua module, Oncomfort ™). Both surgeries were uneventful during which time cardiorespiratory stability was maintained. Patients were comfortable during and satisfied after surgery. No sedative drugs were given before nor during the procedures.\u0000\u0000Conclusion : Non-pharmacological sedation can be achieved with virtual reality hypnosis. When com- bined with regional anesthesia, this technique provides satisfactory sedation when pharmacological methods may be hazardous.","PeriodicalId":7024,"journal":{"name":"Acta anaesthesiologica Belgica","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41605004","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Feasibility of novel smartphone app-based pulse oximetry system compared with proprietary level 4 home sleep testing device for obstructive sleep apnea detection","authors":"E., SEEt, C., Saw Jiayu, M. K., LEong, M. C., KuMar","doi":"10.56126/71.3.2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56126/71.3.2","url":null,"abstract":"Last September 14, 2020, Professor Pol Hans (Figure) passed away after a long disease. We, the authors of this letter, had the privilege of professionally running alongside him for several years, and want here to underline his tremendous contribution to the anesthesia and intensive care specialty, in Belgium and outside Belgium. Professor Hans was not only an excellent clinician, always attentive to the needs and safety of patients, an excellent scientist, but also a rare teacher for youngers, and a real mentor for a lot of us. In this short synopsis, we would like to retrace his career, his accomplishments, and depict the extraordinary colleague and friend he was. This is the least we can do to honor his memory. We will honestly do this with our own perception of the character, and might therefore miss some elements of his personality. We apologize in advance for any undesirable omission. Pol Hans was born in 1949. He graduated as a Medical Doctor at the University of Liege in 1975, and was immediately selected by Professor Marcel Hanquet to start a residency in anesthesiology and resuscitation. He obtained his specialist degree in 1979, and rapidly became one of the most faithful and brilliant collaborator of the Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care Medicine of the Liege University Hospital, first exerting his clinical activity in the ‘Baviere’ Hospital, thereafter moving to the ‘Citadelle’ Regional Hospital until his retirement in 2011. He also practiced anesthesiology at the ‘André Renard’ Clinic, where he was the Head of the Anesthesia and Intensive Care Medicine Department. From the beginning, his main clinical focus of interest was the perioperative and anesthetic management of neurosurgical patients. He was among the pioneers in this domain, and he contributed a lot to its development in Belgium and abroad. His reputation was based on prolific clinical and basic research, which led to a PhD in 1983 and a total of more than 180 papers in national and international peer-reviewed journals, as well as 19 book chapters. His reputation was also sustained by his involvement in scientific societies such as the European Society of Anesthesiology, the ‘Association de Neuroanesthésie-Réanimation de Langue Française’, and the Society for Neuroscience in Anesthesia and Critical Care, and on innumerable invited conferences all over the (Acta Anaesth. Belg., 2020, 71, 105-106)","PeriodicalId":7024,"journal":{"name":"Acta anaesthesiologica Belgica","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47214521","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}